世界化肥化工企業(yè)

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1、國(guó)際化肥企業(yè)標(biāo)桿研究國(guó)際化肥企業(yè)標(biāo)桿研究 企業(yè)名稱企業(yè)名稱美國(guó)Mosaic挪威Yara 年銷售年銷售 50億美元以上654億克朗 年化肥產(chǎn)量年化肥產(chǎn)量 2700萬(wàn)噸 2000多萬(wàn)噸 尿素年產(chǎn)量尿素年產(chǎn)量2030萬(wàn)噸（化肥銷售） 復(fù)合肥年產(chǎn)量復(fù)合肥年產(chǎn)量 1200萬(wàn)噸（磷肥）化肥年產(chǎn)值化肥年產(chǎn)值美盛發(fā)展歷史美盛發(fā)展歷史Our StoryWe are living through a marketing and sales revolution, and there has never been a more dynamic time for brands and retailers. At Mo

2、saic we are never satisfied with the status quo and are in constant search for new ideas and new ways to help our clients build their brands amidst the evolving dynamics of empowered consumers leveraging new technologies.We werent surprised about the change, in fact in early 2004 we understood that

3、People would be at the center of how brands connect with consumers one experience at a time. We invested in People, Training and Technology, because we knew the old ways of mass production and mass marketing were no longer working.We also built on our decades of retail sales and merchandising experi

4、ence to include experiential marketing and digital services. We were prepared to lead the revolution, not just respond to it.Our unique capabilities of reaching consumers in the community, at retail and online have proven to be a winning service model for our clients. Delivering these services seaml

5、essly across North America is a big part of why so many Fortune 100 companies work with Mosaic.MosaicMosaic 美國(guó)美盛公司美國(guó)美盛公司營(yíng)銷網(wǎng)路：營(yíng)銷網(wǎng)路：在11個(gè)國(guó)家擁有生產(chǎn)設(shè)施。銷售遍布全球五大洲,在50多個(gè)國(guó)家建立了先進(jìn)的分銷設(shè)施和銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)。（網(wǎng)址：http:/ HYDRO 公司于1905年12月2日正式成立，是近代全球農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代革命的重要標(biāo)志。一個(gè)包括電力供應(yīng)的大型新生產(chǎn)基地在諾托登落成，同時(shí)，也在盧坎興建工廠。其間，暹羅（今日的泰國(guó)）朱拉隆功國(guó)王親臨兩所工廠考察。1928年，位于盧坎

6、的生產(chǎn)廠開始生產(chǎn)合成氨。1929年，于波斯格朗興建化肥生產(chǎn)基地，開發(fā)新工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，如重水及二氧化碳等。同年，荷蘭斯勒伊斯基爾 (Sluiskil NSM) 的生產(chǎn)基地正式投入運(yùn)作。在瑞典斯德哥爾摩成立銷售辦事處。在美國(guó)開展銷售業(yè)務(wù)，全力推廣硝酸鈣，用于水果和蔬菜類經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的市場(chǎng)。通過(guò)設(shè)于加州舊金山的銷售代理，全面開展美國(guó)市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)。1949年 Glomfjord 工廠成立，并開始利用水力發(fā)電把和成氨提升轉(zhuǎn)為硝酸鈣和復(fù)合肥。在波斯格朗建立合成氨生產(chǎn)基地，生產(chǎn)工藝采用“部分氧化重油技術(shù)”和“蒸汽轉(zhuǎn)化石腦油技術(shù)”。1969年與卡塔爾政府屬下的卡塔爾工業(yè)集團(tuán)合資成立 QAFCO 公司。通過(guò)一系列的并購(gòu)，將

7、荷蘭 NSM 公司，瑞典 Supra 公司，英國(guó) Fisons 公司，德國(guó) Sticstoff 公司，Windmill公司和法國(guó) Cofaz 公司等化肥生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)收歸旗下，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了公司產(chǎn)能及經(jīng)營(yíng)版圖。1982年，在中國(guó)深圳赤灣港設(shè)立散裝化肥倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物流基地，為中國(guó)廣大農(nóng)戶提供更佳的服務(wù)。收購(gòu)巴西 Adubos Trevo 公司并取得南非 Kynoch 公司的控股權(quán)。NORSK HYDRO 公司決定將原化肥部分拆，成立專注于化肥及相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的雅苒國(guó)際集團(tuán)，同時(shí)在挪威首都奧斯陸證劵交易所上市。2004年3月25日在奧斯陸證券交易所上市。雅苒的目標(biāo)是成為未來(lái)化肥行業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)優(yōu)異的領(lǐng)先者。雅苒國(guó)際集團(tuán)的

8、業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，包括擴(kuò)大集團(tuán)在巴西的業(yè)務(wù)，收購(gòu)瑞士 Balderton 公司一半股權(quán)，與 Praxair 成立合資企業(yè)，收購(gòu)芬蘭凱米拉長(zhǎng)之道公司 (Kemira GrowHow) 及大力研制廢氣減排產(chǎn)品及開拓相關(guān)市場(chǎng)雅苒贏得環(huán)保優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)，并且，位于卡塔爾的合資企業(yè) (QAFCO) 進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)能。同年，雅苒公布創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的收益。Jrgen Ole Haslestad 先生繼 Thorleif Enger 先生退休后出任雅苒國(guó)際的首席執(zhí)行官。挪威挪威YaraYara（雅苒（雅苒 亞拉）亞拉）（網(wǎng)址： http:/ ）挪威挪威YaraYara（雅苒（雅苒 亞拉）亞拉）（網(wǎng)址： http:/ ）世界化工企

9、業(yè)世界化工企業(yè)化工企業(yè)在中國(guó)化工企業(yè)在中國(guó) 企業(yè)名稱企業(yè)名稱 巴斯夫 拜耳 陶氏化學(xué) 杜邦海德魯 在中國(guó)在中國(guó)1885年，中國(guó)已成為巴斯夫品紅在德國(guó)以外最重要的市場(chǎng)。 目前，巴斯夫中國(guó)區(qū)擁有23個(gè)全資子公司和10個(gè)合資公司，分別位于香港、北京、上海、南京、廣州、吉林、沈陽(yáng)和新竹。2007年，巴斯夫在大中華區(qū)的銷售額約為44億歐元。巴斯夫在大中華區(qū)的主要業(yè)務(wù)范圍包括石化產(chǎn)品、聚合物分散體、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、工程塑料、涂料、紡織和皮革業(yè)特性產(chǎn)品、中間體、催化劑和化學(xué)建材等。拜耳目前在大中華區(qū)擁有18家公司，其中8家公司的生產(chǎn)設(shè)施現(xiàn)已投產(chǎn)，為公司涉足的所有業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域提供支持。本地化生產(chǎn)在銷售額中所占比

10、例與日俱增。目前材料科技業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)拜耳集團(tuán)大中華區(qū)銷售額的貢獻(xiàn)最大。年陶氏在大中華區(qū)的銷售額為40.2億美元。陶氏在大中華地區(qū)共有6個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)中心和18個(gè)生產(chǎn)基地，員工約3,500名，就銷售額而言，中國(guó)已成為陶氏的第二大市場(chǎng)。 杜邦在中國(guó)已經(jīng)擁有39家獨(dú)資及合資企業(yè)，完成投資逾8億美元，約6,500名員工，產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)涉及化工、農(nóng)業(yè)、食品與營(yíng)養(yǎng)、電子、紡織、汽車等多個(gè)行業(yè)。杜邦計(jì)劃到2010年將其在華總投資增至12億美元。海德魯鋁業(yè)海德魯鋁業(yè)(蘇州蘇州)有限公司、有限公司、海德魯建筑系統(tǒng)(北京)有限公司、 企業(yè)名稱企業(yè)名稱 德國(guó)巴斯夫 德國(guó)拜耳 陶氏化學(xué) 杜邦挪威HYDRO 年銷售年銷售639億歐元36

11、5.28億歐元（2011年）537億美元1742億挪威克朗（2005年） 年化肥產(chǎn)量年化肥產(chǎn)量65億歐元30億歐元（2011年）40.2億美元 2000多萬(wàn)噸（yara） 尿素年產(chǎn)量尿素年產(chǎn)量250萬(wàn)噸無(wú)化肥無(wú)化肥無(wú)化肥 復(fù)合肥年產(chǎn)量復(fù)合肥年產(chǎn)量化肥只占巴斯夫業(yè)務(wù)的1%農(nóng)藥農(nóng)藥化工年產(chǎn)值化工年產(chǎn)值巴斯夫發(fā)展歷史巴斯夫發(fā)展歷史早于公元前2600年，中國(guó)已出現(xiàn)了有關(guān)使用染料之文字記載。另一方面，德國(guó)人亦一向是開發(fā)染料的先驅(qū)者。1834年，德國(guó)一名化學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，若在提煉煤油時(shí)加上漂白劑，苯胺會(huì)放出鮮藍(lán)色彩，這奠定了日后發(fā)展苯胺染料的基礎(chǔ)。 與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的紡織業(yè)正處于蓬勃發(fā)展期，巴斯夫把握此大好良機(jī)，

12、于1885年派遣一名代表梅耶爾前往上海推銷染料。就在這個(gè)以帶領(lǐng)服裝潮流見稱的中國(guó)城市里，巴斯夫染料成為了暢銷產(chǎn)品。由那時(shí)候開始，巴斯夫正式踏足中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。 巴斯夫是一間大型國(guó)際化工公司，在39個(gè)國(guó)家中生產(chǎn)各種產(chǎn)品，并與170多個(gè)國(guó)家的客戶商務(wù)往來(lái)。巴斯夫集團(tuán)于1997年底綜合銷售額高達(dá)558億馬克。1997年底，巴斯夫的員工人數(shù)超過(guò)100，000名。 巴斯夫的業(yè)務(wù)主要以化學(xué)品及塑料為核心，范圍十分廣泛，從原料，例如天然氣，到植保劑和醫(yī)藥等，數(shù)不勝數(shù)。1997年各業(yè)務(wù)部門的銷售額所占比例如下：保健及營(yíng)養(yǎng)20%；染料及整理劑23%；化學(xué)品16%；塑料及纖維26%；石油及天然氣11%；其他4%。 分布

13、世界各地的巴斯夫雇員本著創(chuàng)新精神共同建立起公司。這種精神從最初開始便已形成一種傳統(tǒng)，這對(duì)公司十分重要，因?yàn)榘退狗蛩圃斓南M(fèi)品并不多，但在物料供應(yīng)方面可說(shuō)是包羅萬(wàn)象。這些物料被用作制成各式各樣使生活更美好的產(chǎn)品，例如藍(lán)色牛仔褲所用的靛藍(lán)染料和汽車所有的涂料等。盡心盡力為我們的生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，是構(gòu)成巴斯夫成功的部份元素。 聽取客戶意見，為客戶提供服務(wù)以及滿足他們的需求，是巴斯夫的宗旨，為貫徹這宗旨，公司將繼續(xù)開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品和增強(qiáng)巴斯夫在市場(chǎng)所占的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。此外，公司每年投資于世界各地科研開發(fā)工作的經(jīng)費(fèi)逾20億馬克，為巴斯夫致力于未來(lái)發(fā)展的路向提供有力的支援。 事實(shí)上，巴斯夫的未來(lái)發(fā)展方向并不只著眼

14、于商業(yè)利益上，更關(guān)注到我們所居住的地球。隨著社會(huì)價(jià)值觀的轉(zhuǎn)變，人類愈來(lái)愈重視安全及環(huán)境保護(hù)。這兩點(diǎn)對(duì)巴斯夫?qū)?lái)的成功發(fā)展十分重要，而我們參與全球性的“關(guān)懷責(zé)任”計(jì)劃，正是對(duì)“延續(xù)發(fā)展”的一項(xiàng)重要貢獻(xiàn)，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃用于巴斯夫所有業(yè)務(wù)范疇及附屬公司內(nèi)之產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。德國(guó)巴斯夫德國(guó)巴斯夫（網(wǎng)址： http:/www.greater- http:/ ）陶氏化學(xué)發(fā)展歷史陶氏化學(xué)發(fā)展歷史陶氏化學(xué)陶氏化學(xué)營(yíng)銷網(wǎng)路：營(yíng)銷網(wǎng)路：中國(guó)（北京、天津、上海、廣州、香港、臺(tái)北）等180個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。（網(wǎng)址：http:/ HYDRO成立于成立于1905年，創(chuàng)始人是享負(fù)盛名的挪威當(dāng)代工業(yè)家艾德年，創(chuàng)始人是享負(fù)盛名的挪威當(dāng)代工業(yè)家

15、艾德 (Sam Eyde)、貝克倫、貝克倫 (Kristian Birkeland) 和和 瓦倫貝克瓦倫貝克 (Marcus Wallenberg)，他們利用挪威充足的水電能源生產(chǎn)出公司第一個(gè)重要產(chǎn)品礦物肥料，他們利用挪威充足的水電能源生產(chǎn)出公司第一個(gè)重要產(chǎn)品礦物肥料， 產(chǎn)品面世后，即引起世界各地的產(chǎn)品面世后，即引起世界各地的高度重視，大幅提高了本農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量，為日后全球的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)奠下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。高度重視，大幅提高了本農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量，為日后全球的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)奠下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。經(jīng)過(guò)期后數(shù)十年的努力開拓，NORSK HYDRO 公司的業(yè)務(wù)不斷擴(kuò)大成為一間大型綜合企業(yè)，主要板塊包括化肥、石油和金屬。為確保經(jīng)

16、營(yíng)化肥及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的部門能更專注其業(yè)務(wù)開拓，NORSK HYDRO 公司最后決定于2004年將化肥及相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)分拆，成立雅苒國(guó)際集團(tuán)并于同年在挪威奧斯陸證券交易所上市。隨著公司業(yè)務(wù)不斷壯大，雅苒的目標(biāo)是成為行業(yè)的典范，繼續(xù)為世界各地的客戶提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品及優(yōu)良的服務(wù)，創(chuàng)造最佳的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史HistoryThe first steps with fertilizerFinanced by the Swedish Wallenberg family and French banks, the company was founded on December 2, 190

17、5 as Norsk hydro-elektrisk Kvlstofaktieselskab (lit. Norwegian hydro-electric nitrogen limited) by Sam Eyde, exploiting a novel technology for producing artificial fertilizers by fixing nitrogen from air. The technology had been developed by the Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland. The method is

18、still known as the BirkelandEyde process. The process required large amounts of electric energy, and for this, a power plant was built at the Svelgfossen waterfall near Notodden. Later also Rjukanfossen waterfall was developed and its power harnessed, in the process establishing the city of Rjukan,

19、establishing the plant Norsk Hydro Rjukan.Hydros first factory was built at Notodden (opened in 1907) followed up with another at Rjukan, Tinn (opened in 1911). Then in 1912 production is established at Glomfjord in Nordland. In 1930 Norsk Hydro opened a plant at Herya outside Porsgrunn. To begin wi

20、th it was to function as a shipping port for the fertilizer as well as a point to import limestone. From 1936 Hydro also started producing fertilizer at Herya. There was also opened a railway, Rjukanbanen, connecting Rjukan with Hry. The railway opened in 1909 and consisted of a railway ferry across

21、 Tinnsj, railway again with Tinnosbanen and a barge ride from Borgestad to Herya with barge on the Telemark Canal. The canal was superseded by the railway line Bratsbergbanen in 1916.By the 1920s, Norsk Hydros electric arc-based technology for manufacturing artificial fertilizer was no longer able t

22、o compete with the newly developed Haber-Bosch process, and in 1927 the company formed a partnership with the German company IG Farben in order to gain access to this process. By 1945, IG Farben had become a majority shareholder in Norsk Hydro. The plant at Herya was a direct result of no longer bei

23、ng dependent on immediate proximity to the power sources. This provided the advantage of being able to have the plants and the shipping port in the same location, as was the case with the Herya plant.挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史Heavy water production at RjukanHeavy water sample made by Norsk HydroThe Rjukan p

24、lant was the only location in Europe which produced heavy water, a component the Allied powers in World War II feared would be used as part of the German atomic bomb project, and consequently was the target of several commando and air raids and a sabotage raid which eventually resulted in the plants

25、 destruction and later reconstruction. (This story was portrayed in the Kirk Douglas movie The Heroes of Telemark.)The first metalThe first steps towards light metal production came in 1940 when Hydro started construction of a magnesium carbonate plant at Herya, but the German invasion of Norway sto

26、pped the plans.During the Second World War Norsk Hydro collaborated with IG Farben and Nordische Aluminium Aktiengesellschaft (Nordag) in building new aluminium and magnesium plants in support of the German war effort. The construction was however ended on July 24, 1943 when an allied bombardment co

27、mpletely destroyed the facilities, killing 55 construction workers. As Germanys defeat became more likely, Norsk Hydro started to tone down its collaborative relations with the occupier.In 1946 the rdal aluminium plant was opened, operated by the state owned company rdal og Sunndal Verk. In a merger

28、 Hydro acquired this company in 1986, in essence establishing the light metal division Hydro Aluminium.Since 1919 there had first been zinc, then aluminium production at Glomfjord in Northern Norway. Hydro bought the power plant in 1947 and started ammonia production there instead. In the 1950s Hydr

29、o opened a new magnesium plant in Herya and in 1963 Hydro started in cooperation with Harvey Aluminum a plant at Karmy to produce aluminium. The plant, called Alnor, was purchased in whole by Hydro in 1973.In 2000, Hydro acquired Wells Aluminum, a network of aluminium extrusion plants in the United

30、States. Two years later, the company acquired the leading German aluminium producer Vereinigte Aluminium Werke from the German utility company E.ON and the French building systems company Technal.Hydro became a truly integrated aluminium company in 2011, when it acquired the aluminium assets owned b

31、y Vale in Brazil. This made Hydro a significant player in bauxite mining and alumina refining.挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史Into the petroleum ageMain article: Hydro Oil & GasIn 1965 Hydro joined Elf Aquitaine and six other French companies to form Petronord to perform search for oil and gas in the North Sea. H

32、ydro soon became a large company in the North Sea petroleum industry, and also became operator of a number of fields, the first being Oseberg.In 1969 Hydro started its first international operations, with a 25% stake in a fertilizer plant in Qatar.Hydro acquired in the late 1980s the Mobil service s

33、tations in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, changing their name to Hydro. In 1995 Hydro merged its gas stations in Norway and Denmark with the Texaco, creating the joint venture HydroTexaco. The service station chain was sold in 2006 to Reitangruppen. In 1999 Hydro acquired Norways third largest petroleu

34、m company Saga Petroleum, which had major upstream operations primarily in Norway and the United Kingdom. The British operations were later sold.Hydros fertilizer business was spun off as a separately stock-listed company under the name of Yara International on March 26, 2004. Hydro distributed all

35、its Yara shares to Hydros shareholders and presently has no ownership in Yara.In December 2006 Norsk Hydro revealed a proposal to merge their oil business with compatriate oil and gas company Statoil.2 Under the rules of the EEA the proposal was approved by the European Union on May 3, 20073 and by

36、the Norwegian Parliament on June 8, 2007.4 The merger was completed by 1 October 2007. Hydros shareholders took 32.7% of the new companyStatoilHydroshares.3OperationsAluminiumHydro is the fourth largest integrated aluminium company world wide.citation needed In Norway Hydro has plants in Rjukan, Rau

37、foss, Vennesla, Karmy, Hyanger, rdal, Sunndalsra, Holmestrand and Magnor. The corporation also has plants abroad.Qatalum was the largest aluminium plant ever launched in one step. Located in Qatar, the company is an equal 50-50 joint venture between Qatar Petroleum and Hydro. Its annual capacity is

38、585,000 tonnes of primary aluminium, all to be shipped as value added aluminium casthouse products. A 1350 MW natural gas power plant has also been built to ensure a stable supply of electricity.5EnergyHydro is a major producer of hydroelectric power in Norway.Hydro AgriThough Hydro started off as a

39、 fertilizer producer and agricultural products was for a long time one of the companies major ventures, the agricultural division was in 2004 demerged into the independent company Yara International, listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.挪威海德魯挪威海德魯中國(guó)大型化工企業(yè)國(guó)際化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中國(guó)大型化工企業(yè)國(guó)際化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)過(guò)多年持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，我國(guó)已成為化肥生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國(guó)。

40、盡管中國(guó)大型化肥集團(tuán)的產(chǎn)能擴(kuò)張迅速，生產(chǎn)集中度有所提高，但是化肥企業(yè)的平均規(guī)模仍然較小。2008年，我國(guó)共有化肥企業(yè)2300多家，總資產(chǎn)約5200億元，產(chǎn)品銷售收入3000多億元，產(chǎn)量6013萬(wàn)噸（折純，下同）。2010年我國(guó)共生產(chǎn)化肥6619.8萬(wàn)噸，同比增長(zhǎng)2.52%，再創(chuàng)歷史新高。目前，我國(guó)化肥市場(chǎng)總體情況是供大于求，尿素嚴(yán)重產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩?；噬a(chǎn)企業(yè)既要承擔(dān)煤炭、電力、石油等原料價(jià)格大幅上漲帶來(lái)的成本壓力，又面臨著化肥產(chǎn)品限價(jià)銷售的挑戰(zhàn)。據(jù)了解，國(guó)內(nèi)多數(shù)化肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)仍在盈虧線上掙扎，甚至出現(xiàn)巨額虧損。不少企業(yè)受高成本和高庫(kù)存影響，紛紛被迫停產(chǎn)、減產(chǎn)或提前檢修。歸根到底，我國(guó)化肥企業(yè)發(fā)展主要

41、面臨著以下幾個(gè)主要問(wèn)題：1、是缺乏品牌意識(shí)。2、是缺乏新型營(yíng)銷理念3、是化肥流通行業(yè)混亂，流通環(huán)節(jié)不順暢。4、是化肥利用率低，化肥需求不明，農(nóng)化服務(wù)水平不高。 中國(guó)化肥企業(yè)國(guó)際化發(fā)展的必要性中國(guó)化肥企業(yè)國(guó)際化發(fā)展的必要性1化肥產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈?zhǔn)加趪?guó)家壟斷行業(yè)，現(xiàn)在依然受到政府干預(yù)。2化肥產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈?zhǔn)冀K以小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為基礎(chǔ)。3化肥產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈效率不高。4中國(guó)的分銷體系不是很完善。5經(jīng)銷化肥的主體大多為單一性經(jīng)營(yíng)者，跨行業(yè)操作的比較少，主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)主要是化肥，涉及相關(guān)行業(yè)較少，因此承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比較大。6化肥產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的季節(jié)性波動(dòng)較大。 中國(guó)化肥企業(yè)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)中國(guó)化肥企業(yè)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)1、化肥產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整合。2、培育成熟的市場(chǎng)流通體系。3、加強(qiáng)企

42、業(yè)的科研及農(nóng)化服務(wù)水平。4、制定科學(xué)的品牌營(yíng)銷人才資源戰(zhàn)略。中國(guó)化肥企業(yè)國(guó)際化發(fā)展策略中國(guó)化肥企業(yè)國(guó)際化發(fā)展策略中國(guó)化工企業(yè)的國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略中國(guó)化工企業(yè)的國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略 企業(yè)名稱企業(yè)名稱 魯西化工(品牌口號(hào))中?；瘜W(xué)華魯恒升（愿景）中化集團(tuán) 國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)魯西品牌 做百年企業(yè)打造煤化工基地，創(chuàng)建百年恒升基業(yè)造就最具活力的團(tuán)隊(duì)成為最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的化肥企業(yè) 奠定最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的基礎(chǔ)化工原料供應(yīng)商地位中化集團(tuán)的國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)版圖中化集團(tuán)的國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)版圖世界農(nóng)資超市發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀世界農(nóng)資超市發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀運(yùn)營(yíng)模式、網(wǎng)點(diǎn)特征、服務(wù)種類、營(yíng)利情況、與代理商的矛盾及解決方法、與企業(yè)品牌的關(guān)系運(yùn)營(yíng)模式、網(wǎng)點(diǎn)特征、服務(wù)種類、營(yíng)利情況、與

43、代理商的矛盾及解決方法、與企業(yè)品牌的關(guān)系 國(guó)別國(guó)別超市名稱超市名稱所屬企業(yè)所屬企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)模式運(yùn)營(yíng)模式網(wǎng)點(diǎn)特征網(wǎng)點(diǎn)特征服務(wù)類型服務(wù)類型營(yíng)利情況營(yíng)利情況與代理商的與代理商的矛盾及解決矛盾及解決方法方法與企業(yè)品牌的關(guān)系與企業(yè)品牌的關(guān)系澳大利亞艾德士農(nóng)業(yè)服務(wù)站富卓集團(tuán)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)者直接交易，員工與客戶直線對(duì)接。全國(guó)400多個(gè)分公司和代理機(jī)構(gòu)綜合型服務(wù)：農(nóng)資配套服務(wù)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)服務(wù)、農(nóng)業(yè)土地承包、農(nóng)業(yè)融資服務(wù)、農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品訂單服務(wù)等分公司遍布全國(guó)、經(jīng)營(yíng)年限60年“農(nóng)工商一體化”綜合經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略的最后環(huán)節(jié)和重要組成部分。英國(guó)Asda、Safaways.co-op沃爾瑪美國(guó)（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流體系）農(nóng)協(xié)農(nóng)場(chǎng)主直接

44、參與遍布全國(guó)，市場(chǎng)占有率60%綜合型服務(wù)日本（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流體系）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場(chǎng)地方公共團(tuán)體、株式會(huì)社、農(nóng)協(xié)、魚協(xié)等統(tǒng)一組織、統(tǒng)一銷售、市場(chǎng)占有率80%90%綜合服務(wù)印度化肥合作社 銷售合作社農(nóng)村合作社已經(jīng)遍布整個(gè)國(guó)家，目前全國(guó)有2.3 億（戶）成員，且合作社信貸系統(tǒng)已是全世界最大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，通過(guò)開展專業(yè)、民主和自治、自助的方式來(lái)制造、開發(fā)化肥、生物肥料，來(lái)提高成員的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益；生產(chǎn)、加工殺蟲劑、農(nóng)藥、種子；制造農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和工具；建設(shè)、并提供維護(hù)和管理工廠的服務(wù)；獲取、承租或租用土地、建筑物，租售固定資產(chǎn)和車輛；制造、生產(chǎn)化肥等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)必需品；想其他合作社、組織提供技術(shù)咨詢；建立完善培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)，以自大限度開發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)人力資源，以帶動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展；進(jìn)行農(nóng)藥、化肥、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易。在化肥生產(chǎn)和供銷中，印度農(nóng)民化肥合作社（IFFFCO）控制了35%的市場(chǎng)。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)