2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解精練（3）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解精練（3） 史地常識(shí)型閱讀理解 專題導(dǎo)讀 歷史地理類文章一般涉及某個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮(zhèn)等的地理位置以及與之相關(guān)的社會(huì)生活、社會(huì)風(fēng)情、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習(xí)俗、文化遺產(chǎn)等方面的情況，相當(dāng)一部分文章還附有圖表供理解或參考。文章選材來(lái)源于英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的主要名勝或歷史事件；命題以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，有一定主觀推斷題；涉及一定的地理常識(shí)或歷史知識(shí)。閱讀史地類文章時(shí)，要重點(diǎn)弄清楚各個(gè)地名、人名之間的相互關(guān)系和各個(gè)國(guó)家、地區(qū)或城鎮(zhèn)之間的地理方位。如果文章或試題有附圖或附表，一定要把附圖或附表看懂、看明白。附圖或附表的存在就是幫助我們更好地讀懂和理解文章，輔助我們做好有關(guān)試題。 真題典例 【xx廣東卷】In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe being increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources. Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.According to a recent study, the global market for lowcarbon energy will bee three times bigger over the next decade.China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and highspeed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕櫚油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%. Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one. The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet.That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries. (　　)1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ________. A．it makes the world warmer B．it consumes natural resources C．it brings severe damage to forests D．it makes growth hard to continue (　　)2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．China lacks wind and solar energy. B．China is the leader of the lowcarbon market. C．Highspeed trains are a lowcarbon development. D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests. (　　)3.To full develop the lowcarbon markets, governments can ________. A．cut public expenses B．forbid carbon emissions C．develop public resources D．encourage energy conservation (　　)4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________. A．develop sustainable products B．explore new natural resources C．make full use of natural resources D．deal with the major challenge (　　)5.What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new business model. B．To pare two business models. C．To predict a change of the global market. D．To advocate sustainable development. 【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章闡述了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式給地球帶來(lái)了許多危害：破壞了森林、使全球氣候變暖等?，F(xiàn)在，低碳、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式成為許多國(guó)家的主流發(fā)展方向。中國(guó)政府正在充分發(fā)揮潛能大力開(kāi)發(fā)新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市場(chǎng)。 1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的危害，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)未提到，故選B。 　　2．C　推理判斷題。綜合第二段的內(nèi)容可知選C。 　　3．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.”可知選D。 4．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知選A。 　　5．D　寫作意圖題。文章由傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的弊端引出可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)模式并闡述了可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的好處及發(fā)展方向。故選D。 史地常識(shí)型閱讀理解(一) There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally.Here’s a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing. Sunshine Village Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown.Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past.Adults pay $76.5, Seniors $61.5, and Children only pay $26.5.At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm.The terrain(地形)is a mix of both easy and hard runs. Lake Louise Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of skiable terrain.It has the best balance of easy to difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now.Adults pay $75.5, Seniors pay $54.5, and Children pay $24.5.Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access back country skiing. Mount Norquay Mount Norquay is located across the TransCanda highway from the town of Banff.It has less challenging terrain than either Sunshine or Lake Louisa.However, it is also a very economic decision, and it is the only ski hill in the region that offers hourly rates and night skiing on Fridays.All in all this is a great hill to go and spend an afternoon or early evening, or to go and practice a few turns on before hitting up the bigger resorts later on in the season. Nakiska While it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is currently only open to the public on the weekends.Nakiska typically has less snow than the other resorts located a bit deeper in the mountains.Currently, they have a base of 71cm.The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants more towards the easy side.It’s the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.Tickets are relatively cheap.Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5. Canada Olympic Park C．O.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics; it is a world class facility for almost every winter sport.It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.It has a snow base of 102cm, but it isn’t the primary focus.With tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive. (　　)1.What can we know about Sunshine Village? A．It is a ski hill in Europe. B．Its snow is the thickest of the five. C．It is only suitable for ski beginners. D．Its ticket prices are getting higher. (　　)2.What does the underlined word “renown” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Good attraction.　　B．Place of interest. C．Prize or reward. D．Fame or reputation. (　　)3.Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of lots of other sports games besides skiing? A．Sunshine Village. B．Lake Louise. C．Canada Olympic Park. D．Nakiska. (　　)4.How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children to skiing in the best family place? A．168 dollars. B．103.5 dollars. C．209 dollars. D．129.5 dollars. (　　)5.The passage is mainly to________. A．remend several famous travel sites B．tell us the places he’s been to for winter sports C．introduce some good places for skiing D．a(chǎn)dvertise his local tourist attractions 【解析】本文主要介紹五處滑雪勝地。 　　1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“At present, they have a snow base of 107cm.”可判斷選B，因?yàn)楸容^其他四處地方的雪的厚度可知，其余各地的雪均沒(méi)有這么厚。 　　2．D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.”可判斷此地盛名，即在國(guó)際上都有名氣，由此可判斷選D。 　　3．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.”可判斷選C。 4．A　邏輯推理題。根據(jù)第五段倒數(shù)第三句“It’s the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.”可知“Nakiska”是最適合一家人去滑雪的地方；此處的收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.”，兩個(gè)成人收費(fèi)129美元，兩個(gè)小孩收費(fèi)39美元，合計(jì)收費(fèi)168美元，故選A。 　　5．C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文第一段可知，全文旨在介紹幾處滑雪勝地，故選C。 科普知識(shí)（閱讀理解）由 (xx安徽“江南十校”高三仿真卷一)改編 Airtight plastic bags can help farmers protect their harvests without the use of harmful chemicals.These bags are designed to keep air out of crops in storage.They are a simple way to fight insects and keep food fresh. Ten countries in West and Central Africa are involved in a project to improve the storage of cowpeas,also known as black-eyed peas.Farmers can lose much of the harvest to insects called bruchids.These grow from egg to adult in a few weeks and then lay forty to sixty more eggs.They can destroy the whole harvest within months. Farmers can sell their crop immediately.But selling at harvest time means more petition and lower prices.Or they can use pesticides (殺蟲劑) to kill the bugs.But crop scientist Dieudonne Baributsa says,“They end up misusing or overusing the pesticide.In Nigeria,they have reported a lot of cases of death.They usually call it in Nigeria ‘killer bean’.” Mr.Baributsa is a researcher at Purdue University in the American state of Indiana.The project is called PICS,for Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage.He says the storage bags are thick enough that any insects already in the cowpeas will die from lack of oxygen.The lack of air will also help prevent the growth of bacteria that can ruin the harvest.The bags cost about two dollars each.Mr.Baributsa says that is not much,especially if it means farmers can wait long enough to get a better price for their crop.The bags are produced locally.Donors currently support the project,but the groups involved are working to build a lasting market for the bags because donor support for the project will not last forever. A pany based in the United States called GrainPro makes another kind of airtight bag.These are called SuperGrainbags.Phil Villers,the pany’s president,says safely storing a harvest not only earns more money for farmers,it also reduces the amount of food lost to insects,spoilage and mishandling.“What does not get wasted and eaten means it is available to feed a hungry world,”said Phil Villers. 1.What’s the best title for this passage?(　　) A.Simple Bags Save the Harvest B.Plastic Bags: the Enemy of Insects C.Good News for Hungry World D.Pesticides Threaten Food Safety 2.It can be inferred that bruchids 　　　. A.steal the stored crop for the future B.breed slowly in the stored harvest C.survive in airtight plastic bags D.multiply while the crop is in storage 3.How does “killer bean” e out? (　　) A.The pesticide causes many deaths of bugs. B.People eat beans that are infected by bugs. C.Farmers use chemicals to kill bugs improperly. D.Bugs ruin beans within a short time. 4.Which statement of the following is NOT true? (　　) A.Insects in the bags will soon use up the air and then die. B.The airtight plastic bags currently sold at the market do not last long. C.The project provides the farmers with the bags for free at present. D.What farmers can earn from the use of the bag is far more than they have to pay. 語(yǔ)篇解讀:蟲害一直是農(nóng)民的心頭大患,這不僅危害農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng),還浪費(fèi)了許多糧食。最新的農(nóng)業(yè)科技給人們帶來(lái)了福音,那就是用密封袋來(lái)保護(hù)農(nóng)作物以遠(yuǎn)離蟲害。 答案及剖析:1.A　主旨大意題。由第一段(主題段)及全文內(nèi)容可知,一種密封塑料袋在不使用任何化學(xué)藥品的前提下,能夠保護(hù)農(nóng)民的收成不受蟲害影響。故Simple Bags Save the Harvest最能概括全文的中心。 2.D　推理判斷題。由第二段的第二、三、四句內(nèi)容可知,bruchids是一種在糧食儲(chǔ)藏過(guò)程中繁殖很快的昆蟲,它們能夠在幾個(gè)星期內(nèi)長(zhǎng)成成蟲,產(chǎn)下40到60個(gè)甚至更多的蟲卵。D項(xiàng)中multiply有“增加;繁殖”之意。 3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的內(nèi)容可知,農(nóng)民們使用殺蟲劑來(lái)殺蟲,由于他們錯(cuò)用或過(guò)量使用,使糧食遭到污染,從而造成食用者死亡,故“殺手豆”來(lái)源于農(nóng)民不正當(dāng)?shù)厥褂脷⑾x劑。 4.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句話...donor support for the project will not last forever可知,持續(xù)不長(zhǎng)的是贊助商的支持,而不是塑料袋,故選B項(xiàng)。由倒數(shù)第二段...insects already in the cowpeas will die from lack of oxygen...可排除A項(xiàng); 由倒數(shù)第二段的Donors currently support the project...可知,目前密封塑料袋是免費(fèi)由贊助商提供,故排除C項(xiàng);由倒數(shù)第二段的The bags cost about two dollars each....get a better price for their crop可排除D項(xiàng)。 【疑難詞匯解讀】 1.storage n.儲(chǔ)存;倉(cāng)庫(kù) The collection has been in storage for decades. 這些收藏品已保管了幾十年。 2.mishandle v.處理不當(dāng);錯(cuò)誤地處理 Mishandling the problem has caused great trouble. 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題處理不當(dāng)已經(jīng)引起了很大的麻煩。 【長(zhǎng)難句子分析】 他說(shuō)這種密封袋非常厚,任何已經(jīng)進(jìn)入牛豆中的蟲子都會(huì)因缺少氧氣而死亡。