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黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設計
附 錄
Seeder history and introduction
he first century B.C., China has good, this is to promote the use of the world's earliest drill machine, today is still in the north of equal applications.
1636 in Greece first Taiwan machine made. In 1830, russians in livestock HuaLi more on LiBo machine made. 1860 years later, the countries such as Britain and started mass production work grain suitable drill. After the 20 th century have appeared traction and hanging drill machine, and the use of grain strength of the machine. 50 s development precision machine. China from the 1950 s to introduce grain suitable drill, cotton machine, etc. 60 s has developed into a suspension type grain machine, centrifugal machine, universal frame and gas suction style such as machine machine DuoZhong type, and grinding lines to the development of the device. In the 70 s, has formed the seeding machine general machine and grain joint seeder two series, and has developed precision machine.
Europe first Taiwan machine made in 1636 in Greece. In 1830, the russians in livestock HuaLi more on the sowing device LiBo machine made. Britain, the United States and other countries in 1860 years later started mass production work grain suitable drill. 20 centuries later period, there appeared the traction and hanging drill machine, and the use of grain strength of the machine. In 1958, Norway appear first Taiwan centrifugal machine, 50 s gradually developed all kinds of precision machine.
China in the 1950 s introduced from abroad grain suitable drill, cotton machine, the '60 s and has successfully developed suspension type grain machine, centrifugal machine, universal frame and gas suction style such as machine machine DuoZhong models, and has developed grinding lines of the device. In the 70 s, has formed the seeding machine general machine and grain joint seeder two series and production. For grain and intertillage crops, grasses, and all kinds of vegetables with suitable drill and XueBo machine are already widely used. At the same time, also has developed DuoZhong precision machine.
Corn is uniform, sowing machine depth is consistent, stable, cover earth good row spacing, save seeds, work efficiency higher characteristic. The correct use of machine should pay attention to the following points: master 10
1 in the maintenance of the field before operation to clean up the trash and sowing the device on the open ditch the winding grass, clay, ensure good condition, and the tractors and the transmission, the rotation of the machine parts, according to the requirements of the manual filling lubricating oil, especially every time before operation should pay attention to the transmission chain lubrication and a tight situation on the fastening bolts and sowing.
2 frame can't tilt seeder and tractors to hook up may not be tilt, work should make frame a state level before and after.
3 do well adjusted according to the instructions of the rules and regulations of the main requirements, the rate, open ditch is the spaced, open ditch crackdown on the depth of the wheel turns the soil suitable.
4 attention and good seed to join the seeds of seeds, where there is no box small, Bi, miscellaneous, to ensure the effectiveness of the seeds; Second seed box with kind of quantity of at least to add to that cover the box of entrance, in order to ensure the smooth.
5 test broadcasts to ensure the quality of the large area, seeded before sowing, must hold to test broadcasts 20 meters, observe the machine work. Please agricultural technology personnel, local farmers consultation, testing confirmed that meet local agricultural demands, and then carry on large area sown.
6 note of uniform linear driving NongJiShou choose the assignment walking routes, should guarantee and kind of and mechanical in and out of convenience, planting time to pay attention to more uniformly and in a straight line, line, not fast and slow or stop the leak, lest the replay, broadcast; To prevent the open ditch jams, the rise and fall of machine to are on the march, when turning back or operation should be filed seeder.
7 was the first out first broadcast to rolling out, out, was hard by deep too shallow.
8 often observed planting time constant observation of the device, open ditch device, the cover and transmission's work, such as the clogging, clay, winding grass, seed cover lax, shall be ruled out in time. Adjustment, repair, lubrication or cleaning the winding grass, etc, must be in after parking.
9 protect parts of the machine work, it is strictly prohibited to scale back or sharp turn and the ascension of the machine should slow or land, lest attaint parts.
10 note seed box when the seeds of the homework seed shall be not less than 1/5 of the seed case volume; Transportation or transfer in the plot, when the seed shall not be equipped with seeds, the more can pack other weight.
Corn seeder troubleshooting
1 the device not discharge. The main reason is the transmission gear meshing, or no shaft head the row gear square hole to wear, the adjustment, maintenance or replacement.
2 individual the device does not work. The reason is the individual the box seed the scaffolding or the device to be sundry congestion, mouth should clean up sundry; The shaft and individual the tank round of connection pin broken, should be replaced pins; Individual the box of plug-in boards should not open, pull open plug-in boards.
3 the device to the individual, but a groove no seed. The reason is the open ditch or lose jam (occurs in pipe by land wheel of the open ditch device on), should be clear, forming and take corresponding measures to prevent sundry fall into the open ditch.
4 the constantly, out of control. The reason is the separation of the poles clutch fall off or separation clearance sales is too small, and should be put on pins and to lock, or adjust the separation clearance.
5 the intermittent, seeded not divide evenly. The reason is transmission gears mesh clearance is too large, gear sliding, should be adjusted; The clutch spring bounce is too weak, gear to ski, should be adjusted or replace the spring.
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播種機歷史及簡介
公元前1世紀，中國已推廣使用耬，這是世界上最早的條播機具，今仍在北方旱作區(qū)應用。
1636年在希臘制成第一臺播種機 。1830 年俄國人在畜力多鏵犁上制成犁播機。 1860年后，英美等國開始大量生產(chǎn)畜力谷物條播機。20世紀后相繼出現(xiàn)了牽引和懸掛式谷物條播機，以及運用氣力排種的播種機。50年代發(fā)展精密播種機。中國從20世紀50年代引進了谷物條播機、棉花播種機等。60年代先后研制成懸掛式谷物播種機、離心式播種機、通用機架播種機和氣吸式播種機等多種類型，并研制成磨紋式排種器。到70年代，已形成播種中耕通用機和谷物聯(lián)合播種機兩個系列，同時研制成功了精密播種機。
歐洲第一臺播種機于1636年在希臘制成。1830年，俄國人在畜力多鏵犁上加裝播種裝置制成犁播機。英、美等國在1860年以后開始大量生產(chǎn)畜力谷物條播機。20世紀以后相繼出現(xiàn)了牽引和懸掛式谷物條播機，以及運用氣力排種的播種機。1958年挪威出現(xiàn)第一臺離心式播種機，50年代以后逐步發(fā)展各種精密播種機。
中國在20世紀50年代從國外引進谷物條播機、棉花播種機等，60年代先后研制成功懸掛式谷物播種機、離心式播種機、通用機架播種機和氣吸式播種機等多種機型,并研制成功了磨紋式排種器。到70年代,已形成播種中耕通用機和谷物聯(lián)合播種機兩個系列并投入生產(chǎn)。供谷物、中耕作物、牧草、蔬菜用的各種條播機和穴播機都已得到推廣使用。與此同時，還研制成功了多種精密播種機。
大豆播種機的使用方法
大豆播種機具有播種均勻、深淺一致、行距穩(wěn)定、覆土良好、節(jié)省種子、工作效率高等特點。正確使用播種機應注意掌握以下10要點：
1 進田作業(yè)前的保養(yǎng) 要清理播種箱內(nèi)的雜物和開溝器上的纏草、泥土，確保狀態(tài)良好，并對拖拉機及播種機的各傳動、轉(zhuǎn)動部位，按說明書的要求加注潤滑油，尤其是每次作業(yè)前要注意傳動鏈條潤滑和張緊情況以及播種機上螺栓的緊固情況。
2 機架不能傾斜 播種機與拖拉機掛接后，不得傾斜，工作時應使機架前后呈水平狀態(tài)。
3 搞好各種調(diào)整 按使用說明書的規(guī)定和農(nóng)藝要求，將播種量、開溝器的行距、開溝覆土鎮(zhèn)壓輪的深淺調(diào)整適當。
4 注意加好種子 加入種子箱的種子，達到無小、秕、雜，以保證種子的有效性；其次種子箱的加種量至少要加到能蓋住排種盒入口，以保證排種流暢。
5 試播 為保證播種質(zhì)量，在進行大面積播種前，一定要堅持試播20米，觀察播種機的工作情況。請農(nóng)技人員、當?shù)剞r(nóng)民等檢測會診，確認符合當?shù)氐霓r(nóng)藝要求后，再進行大面積播種。
6 注意勻速直線行駛 農(nóng)機手選擇作業(yè)行走路線，應保證加種和機械進出方便，播種時要注意勻速直線前行，不能忽快忽慢或中途停車，以免重播、漏播；為防止開溝器堵塞，播種機的升降要在行進中操作，倒退或轉(zhuǎn)彎時應將播種機提起。
7 先播地頭 首先橫播地頭，以免將地頭軋硬，造成播深太淺。
8 經(jīng)常觀察 播種時經(jīng)常觀察排種器、開溝器、覆蓋器以及傳動機構的工作情況，如發(fā)生堵塞、粘土、纏草、種子覆蓋不嚴，及時予以排除。調(diào)整、修理、潤滑或清理纏草等工作，必須在停車后進行。
9 保護機件 播種機工作時，嚴禁倒退或急轉(zhuǎn)彎，播種機的提升或降落應緩慢進行，以免損壞機件。
10 注意種子箱 作業(yè)時種子箱內(nèi)的種子不得少于種子箱容積的1/5；運輸或轉(zhuǎn)移地塊里時，種子箱內(nèi)不得裝有種子，更不能裝其他重物。
大豆播種機故障排除
1 排種器不排種。主要原因是傳動齒輪沒有嚙合，或者排種軸頭排種齒輪方孔磨損，調(diào)整、維修或更換。
2 個別排種器不工作。原因是個別排種盒內(nèi)種子棚架或排種器口被雜物堵塞，應清理雜物；排種軸與個別排種槽輪的連接銷折斷，應更換銷子；個別排種盒插板未拉開，應拉開插板。
3 排種器排種，但個別種溝內(nèi)沒有種子。原因是開溝器或輸種管堵塞（多發(fā)生在靠地輪的開溝器上），應清理堵塞物，并采取相應措施防止雜物落進開溝器。
4 排種不停，失去控制。原因是離合撐桿的分離銷脫落或分離間隙太小，應重新裝上銷子并加以鎖定，或調(diào)整分離間隙。
5 排種時斷時續(xù)，播種不勻。原因是傳動齒輪嚙合間隙過大，齒輪打滑，應進行調(diào)整；離合器彈簧彈力太弱，齒輪要滑，應調(diào)整或更換彈簧。
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