1畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書題 目： 鋁型材擠壓機(jī)電氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué) 號： 姓 名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 完成日期： 年 5 月 25 日 2畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目： 鋁型材擠壓機(jī)電路控制部分的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)號： 姓名： 專業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 指導(dǎo)教師： 系主任： 一、主要內(nèi)容及基本要求 1、設(shè)計(jì)鋁型材擠壓機(jī) PLC 控制系統(tǒng)，要求能實(shí)現(xiàn)料膽缸進(jìn)、料膽缸退、擠壓缸快進(jìn)、擠壓缸工進(jìn)、擠壓缸退、擠壓缸下、擠壓缸上、機(jī)械手上、機(jī)械手下等基本控制功能。 2、PLC 連接圖一張。 3、電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)控制圖一張。 4、配電板接線圖一張。 5、流程圖一張。 6、根據(jù)接線圖和流程圖繪制 PLC 控制梯形圖并編寫 PLC 控制程序，要求邏輯清晰，簡單明了，可讀性強(qiáng)。 7、說明書一份，要求條例性強(qiáng)，語句通順，無錯(cuò)別字，不少于 25 頁。 8、英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯一份，不少于 3000 字。 二、重點(diǎn)研究的問題1、鋁型材擠壓機(jī) PLC 總體控制方案設(shè)計(jì) 2、 控制流程設(shè)計(jì) 三、進(jìn)度安排3序號 各階段完成的內(nèi)容 完成時(shí)間1 查閱資料、調(diào)研 2012 年 3 月上旬2 開題報(bào)告、制訂設(shè)計(jì)方案 2012 年 3 月中旬3 實(shí)驗(yàn)（設(shè)計(jì)） 2012 年 4 月上旬4 分析、調(diào)試等 2012 年 4 月中旬5 寫出初稿 2012 年 4 月下旬6 修改，寫出第二稿 2012 年 5 月上旬7 寫出正式稿 2012 年 5 月中旬8 答辯 2012 年 5 月下旬四、應(yīng)收集的資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 周良得，朱泗芳 .現(xiàn)代工程圖學(xué)[M].湖南：湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2000 [2] 項(xiàng)毅.機(jī)床電氣控制[M].福建：東南大學(xué)出版社，2003 [3] 趙云路，唐力志 .鋁塑型材擠壓成型技術(shù)[M].北京：機(jī)械工程出版社 [4] 王占林. 近代液壓控制[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1997 [5] 孫玉安. 液壓技術(shù)在工程中的應(yīng)用[M].南京：江蘇科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1986 [6] 程憲平. 機(jī)電傳動(dòng)與控制[M].武漢：華中科技大學(xué)出版社，2003 [7] 楊長能，張興毅 .可編程控制器（PLC）基礎(chǔ)及應(yīng)用[M].重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，1992 [8] 張萬奎. 機(jī)床電氣控制技術(shù)[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2006 1附錄離散型 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)在紅外線干燥爐中的應(yīng)用一、前言紅外線干燥爐在烘干方面與其他的烘干方法相比，越來越顯示出它的優(yōu)勢，例如：面積小，干燥循環(huán)短，節(jié)省能量和減輕污染等。為了提高烘干爐大面積加熱的準(zhǔn)確性和迅速性，也為了操作方便和保養(yǎng)簡便, 可以使用采用了觸摸屏的 PLC 控制器, 下面對這一控制系統(tǒng)的組成，功能和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。帶鋼深加工過程中，采用加熱干燥的工藝生產(chǎn)線非常多，例如：噴漆，涂復(fù)合材料，印染等。使用紅外線烘干爐生產(chǎn)線生產(chǎn)，具有干燥速度快，涂層厚度均勻等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這烘干方法最早應(yīng)用可以追溯到， 30 年代初，主要是使用在汽車噴漆實(shí)驗(yàn)室，醫(yī)院等。直到 70 年代，因?yàn)樾碌纳渚€材料的問世和高溫輻射技術(shù)的發(fā)展，紅外線的使噴漆能達(dá)到很薄的表面涂層（厚度一般在 1 ? 4μm）。二、系統(tǒng)的組成這種干燥爐的生產(chǎn)線為雙重烘干涂層生產(chǎn)線（即安將裝有兩個(gè)紅外干燥爐） ，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)干燥爐和主機(jī)之間的控制距離遠(yuǎn)，控制的地方分散，如果使用同一地點(diǎn)控制，則現(xiàn)場布線復(fù)雜，維護(hù)不便。綜合考慮生產(chǎn)線的布局特點(diǎn)，我們使用了觸摸屏 PLC 的分布式控制系統(tǒng)，在屏幕上（人-機(jī)界面）的監(jiān)視器上操作，使現(xiàn)場布線，調(diào)試和維修非常方便，系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下圖一 干燥爐控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)繪圖2在系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)線的使用的 PLC（ GE90 - 70 系列）主機(jī)主要用于處理干燥爐控制系統(tǒng)提供生產(chǎn)線的工藝參數(shù)，如噴涂速度，厚度，寬度等， PLC 控制系統(tǒng)按照這些參數(shù)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的控制; 1 ＃ ， 2 ＃爐的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示在屏幕上;干燥爐 PLC 部分，主要是完成與顯示在屏幕上的數(shù)據(jù)交換，以及現(xiàn)場的實(shí)際參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)采集，處理后，控制主站及生產(chǎn)線的 PLC 主機(jī)通過 GENIUS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)與干燥爐的 PLC 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交流（此外，在為了節(jié)省投資， PLC 的變頻也起著噴涂機(jī)的相關(guān)設(shè)備的控制和數(shù)據(jù)收集） ;干燥爐 PLC 控制主機(jī)主要完成由 1 ＃ ， 2 ＃ 完成干燥爐 PLC 的變頻傳輸?shù)闹噶?，同時(shí)分別完成根據(jù)現(xiàn)場搜集的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，以及對干燥爐相關(guān)設(shè)備的控制，從而保證了干燥爐控制系統(tǒng)和整個(gè)帶鋼生產(chǎn)線工作的協(xié)調(diào)和升溫控制的準(zhǔn)確和快捷性。三、PLC 控制系統(tǒng)控制功能1、干燥爐 PLC 的變頻該干燥爐 PLC 的變頻位于現(xiàn)場的 1 ＃ ，在 2 ＃爐控制服務(wù)器，最具代表性的是美國 GE 公司的 90-30 系列 PLC ，主要完成了以下控制功能：運(yùn)行方面的管理，傳輸?shù)狡聊簧贤ㄟ^ RS232 連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換并進(jìn)行處理，從現(xiàn)場傳感器收集數(shù)據(jù); 故障診斷分析報(bào)告的處理;操作權(quán)限的設(shè)制和密碼管理。干燥爐的 PLC 與生產(chǎn)線的 PLC 主機(jī)通過 GENIUS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行對相關(guān)的信息交流。此外，PLC 還完成了噴涂機(jī)電氣設(shè)備的控制和相關(guān)參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)采集。2、干燥爐的 PLC 控制主機(jī)干燥爐 PLC 控制主機(jī)設(shè)置的程序?qū)蓚€(gè)干燥爐分別控制，互不干擾，主要完成以下控制：使干燥爐熱強(qiáng)度和生產(chǎn)線的速度曲線相適應(yīng); 干燥爐各個(gè)區(qū)域的溫升曲線的建立和修訂; 整個(gè)干燥爐電控設(shè)備互連邏輯控制;數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理; 干燥爐的 PLC 控制主機(jī)與生產(chǎn)線的 PLC 主機(jī)通過 GENIUS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行相關(guān)信息的交流。3、觸摸屏人-機(jī)界面系統(tǒng)觸摸屏（如日本 DIGTAL 公司 GP570 ）PLC，能適應(yīng)惡劣工作環(huán)境，主機(jī)和輸入輸出設(shè)備等機(jī)構(gòu)體積較小，高度有效的人-機(jī)界面，安裝在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中對現(xiàn)場控制，主要用途為完成以下任務(wù)：通過菜單上的管理功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)多屏幕演示;通過 RS232 完成與干燥爐的 PLC 的數(shù)據(jù)交換; 通過功能鍵，可控制干燥爐的所有電氣設(shè)備的功能（例如：工作的雙向選擇，設(shè)備啟動(dòng)，停止等） ; 設(shè)置和改變干燥爐各個(gè)區(qū)域的加熱模式; 搜集各個(gè)區(qū)域的硅控整流器壓力調(diào)節(jié)器的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)（電壓，電流等）;顯示報(bào)警與診斷信息。4、 系統(tǒng)通信和數(shù)據(jù)交換3離散控制系統(tǒng)的通信和數(shù)據(jù)交換主要是通過局域網(wǎng)。 這個(gè)局域網(wǎng)通信設(shè)備主要由主控制的 PLC （GE90 - 70 ） GBC 的總線控制單元和分控的 PLC （ GE90 - 30 ） GCM 模式通信模塊構(gòu)成。 主線可靠的通信設(shè)計(jì)，用單屏蔽雙絞線，可避免電子噪聲干擾，數(shù)據(jù)主線 153.6k高速傳輸，傳輸大于 2000 米。 主線最多可連接 32 個(gè)通訊設(shè)備，總控站建立在 PLC 的GBC 設(shè)備的編號是 31 ＃ ，在其他分控機(jī)的 PLC 控制采用循環(huán)模式。通信協(xié)議是一種點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)主線控制，由 0 ＃設(shè)備經(jīng)過 1 ＃設(shè)備（通過時(shí)，地址的設(shè)備消耗時(shí)間極短）進(jìn)行“令牌”方式傳輸，如下圖表：圖二 “令牌”傳輸方式當(dāng)一些設(shè)備獲得指令 ，從主線傳輸達(dá)到 128 字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)，這些全面的數(shù)據(jù)信息對應(yīng)在 PLC 內(nèi)存中的％I（開關(guān)量輸入） ，％Q（下開關(guān)量輸出） ， ％AI（模擬量輸入） ， ％ AQ （模擬量輸出） ，或%Q（下參數(shù)記錄）等相關(guān)資料。但每個(gè)設(shè)備可在任何時(shí)間接受關(guān)于這條主線必須具備全面的數(shù)據(jù)，其他設(shè)備傳輸（當(dāng)然不是要限制是否取得指令 ） 。因此，通過主線，干燥爐主控制系統(tǒng)（ PLC ）的雙方才有可能收集控制變頻到現(xiàn)場干燥爐信息，傳輸這些信息后進(jìn)行處理，以變頻控制進(jìn)行對輸出控制，數(shù)據(jù)在觸摸屏上顯示。因?yàn)橹骶€通訊設(shè)備使用雙絞線串行連接，從而簡化了主機(jī)與各單元之間的電氣連接，提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性，減少工作負(fù)荷，并在工作過程中電氣設(shè)備的安裝與維修也得到簡化。 觸摸屏（ GP570 ）與系統(tǒng)的通信，用的 RS232 通信電纜直接和干燥爐部分 PLC 的CPU 模塊連接。通過這種連接，數(shù)送到屏幕上數(shù)據(jù)與干燥爐的 PLC 控制相互交流，通過前文提到的網(wǎng)絡(luò)該干燥爐主控站相互交流數(shù)據(jù)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了觸摸屏干燥爐相關(guān)設(shè)備的控制和每一種工藝參數(shù)上線的示范，以及信號的報(bào)警和故障診斷。五、結(jié)語4由以上對涉及到人-機(jī)界面的干燥爐觸摸屏 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的介紹，可以看出優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在： 結(jié)構(gòu)符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，模塊化的使用，增強(qiáng)了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的可靠性，且易于維護(hù)。各控制部分的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸使用了即時(shí)通信線路，提高了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率，從而保證了控制系統(tǒng)的控制精度; 高效的人-機(jī)界面系統(tǒng)（GP570 觸摸屏）建立了有效的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，有利于故障的監(jiān)控警報(bào)和處理； 因?yàn)橹g的控制部分使用了專用通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，采用具有屏蔽能力的雙絞線，簡化了現(xiàn)場布線，也使整個(gè)電氣安裝，調(diào)試和維修更方便。5英語原文Dispersible type PLC control system in infrared drying stove applicationOne, forewordThe infrared drying stove compares in the drying aspect with other dry ways, more and more demonstrates its superiority, for example: The area small, the dry cycle is short, saves the energy and the reduction environmental pollution and so on. In order to enhance dries the stove to heat up the volume control the accuracy and the rapidity, as well as the operation convenience and the easy maintenance, to introduce PLC in the control system to control and to touch the screen person - machine connection, under emphatically discussed this In the?control system the composition, the function and the characteristic. strip deep processing process, needs to heat up the drying craft the production line to be very many, for example: Paints, compound, the dyeing, spreads models and so on. In order to suitable should the kind of production line production, the speed quick, the coating be continuously thin and so on the characteristic, mostly used has radiated the way primarily infrared stove to carry on drying. This heat transfer way most early may trace to the beginning of the 30's, mainly uses in automobile lacquer baking with the laboratory, the hospital and so on, to 70's, because the new radiation material is published and the high temperature directed radiation technology development, infrared causes to heat up dryly in the thin material specially is in the strip surface coating (thickness generally in 1 ~ 4μm)Second, system compositionThis stove locates the production line for double spreads double dries the coating production line (to be loaded with two infrared drying stoves), because two drying stoves and the host control between the cabinet the distance farther, controls the place dispersible, if uses the common control, then the scene wiring is complex, maintains inconveniently. The synthesis considered the production line the layout characteristic, we used had touch the PLC distributional control plan which the screen (person - machine connection) monitored, caused the scene wiring, the debugging and the maintenance extremely facilitates, system 6structure drawing as follows:drying stove control system structure drawingIn system production line PLC (the GE90-70 series) the master control stands mainly for dries the stove control system to provide production line craft parameter and so on strip speed, thickness, width and active status, in order to drying stove PLC controls the master station to act according to these parameters to carry on the corresponding control; 1#, the 2# stove monitoring touches the screen mainly to use for to carry on the drying stove active status the control and the corresponding craft parameter establishment, as well as each kind of parameter and the information were demonstrating; The drying stove PLC substation mainly completes with touches the screen the data exchange as well as the scene actual parameter data acquisition, after processing controls the master station and the production line PLC master control station exchange information again through the GENIUS network with drying stove PLC (in addition, in order to save investment, this PLC substation also is shouldering coating machine correlation equipment control and field data gathering in production line); Drying stove PLC controls the master station mainly to complete the instruction which by 1#, 2# in the drying stove PLC substation transmits, simultaneously separately completes according to the scene gathering correlation data to 1#, the 2# drying stove correlation equipment control, thus 7had guaranteed the drying stove control system and the entire strip production line work coordination and heats up the control to be accurate and the rapidity.Third, PLC system control function1) dries the stove PLC substationThe drying stove PLC substation is located scene 1# and in the 2# stove control desk, used US to be general (GE) electrical company's 90-30 series PLC, mainly completed the following control function:The operation? connection management, with touches the screen through the RS232 connection realization the data exchange;And carry on processing from the scene ?detector set or the sensor gathering data; The breakdown diagnoses and? reports to the police information processing;Dries the stove anxiously to stop the control, the operator data revision rank limit and the password ?management. Stands and drying stove PLC with the production line PLC master control controls the master station to carry on the related exchange of information through the GENIUS network.In addition, this PLC has also completed to the coating machine electrical equipment control and the correlation parameter data acquisition, because has nothing to do with the drying stove control, no longer states in this.2) dries stove PLC to control the master stationDrying stove PLC controls the master station to be located the host to control in the room, carries on to two drying stoves separately controls, mutually does not disturb, mainly completes the following control:Causes to dry the stove to heat up the intensity and the production line velocity curve adapts;Dries the stove various areas curve ?the establishment and the revision; To entire drying stove electrically? controlled equipment interconnection/succession logic control;Controls in the room to the host the drying stove control device each kind of metering ?equipment or the active status data acquisition and processing; Stands? and a drying stove PLC minute control station with the production line PLC master control carries on the related exchange of information through 8the GENIUS network.3) touches the screen person - machine connection systemTouches the screen (to use Japanese DIGTAL Corporation GP570) is specially is the small workstation which the PLC application designs, adapts the bad industry environment, the collection main engine, the input-output device to a body, the volume is smaller, may take between the operator and the control system contacts the highly effective person - machine connection, installs in this system on the scene control desk kneading board, mainly uses for to complete the following task:Entrusts with the menu management function, the realization divides? the page and the multi- screens demonstration;Completes through the RS232 connection with the drying stove PLC minute control station data exchange; ?Through the function key, may control the drying stove all electrical? equipment the active status (for example: The work way choice, the equipment start, stops and so on);The establishment and the revision drying stove? various areas heat up the pattern in the data area, facilitates the drying stove many kinds of working pattern the choice;Demonstrates various areas? silicon-controlled rectifier pressure regulator main technology parameter (voltage, electric current and so on) and the drying stove active status and the on-line temperature and so on the important parameter;Visual display alarm? with diagnosis information and corresponding explanation.Fourth, system communication and data exchangeThis disperser -like control system communication and the data exchange mainly are (the GENIUS main line) realizes through a local area network.This local area network communication equipment mainly by master control PLC (GE90-70) GBC GENIUS bus control unit and minute control station PLC (GE90-30) GCM+ the enhancement GENIUS communication module composes.The GENIUS main line is, it which the reliable communication designs 9for the industry environment in uses the list shielded twisted pair, may avoid the electronic noise the disturbance, the data passable main line 153.6K speed transmission, the transmission has been away from long amounts to 2,000 meters.The GENIUS main line most may connect 32 communication equipment, master control stands in PLC the GBC equipment number to have to establish is 31#, in other minute control stations PLC GCM+ may carry on the free establishment according to the position, the GENIUS communication agreement is one kind point-to-point “makes the sign main line“ the system, some one kind of electron “make the sign“ (TOKEN) from 0# the equipment everywhere 1# equipment (through when address equipment which has not used consumes time to be very few) circulates the transmission, following chart.When some equipment obtains “makes the sign“, it may to the main line transmission reach 128 bytes overall situations data, these overall situation data information correspond to in PLC memory %I (switch quantity input), %Q (switch quantity output), %AI (simulation quantity input), %AQ (simulation quantity output), or %Q (parameter register) and so on the related information. But each equipment may at any time accepts on the main line to possess the overall situation data which other equipment transmits (certainly not to limit to whether obtains “makes sign“). Thus, through the GENIUS main line, dries the stove master control to stand (PLC) both to be possible to gather arrives controls in the substation to the scene drying stove the infed information, and may the again transmission for dry these information after processing the stove to control the substation to carry on the output control either is touching the screen to progress the good condition or the data display.Because on the GENIUS main line communication equipment uses the twisted pair line serial connection, thus simplified the master control to stand with the minute control station between electrical connection, enhanced the system stability and the reliability, reduced the work load and in the movement process maintenance quantity which the electrical equipment installed.This control system touches the screen (GP570) with the system communication, has used the RS232 communication electric cable direct and drying stove minute control station PLC CPU in the module RS232 connection is connected. Through this connection, touches the screen to be possible 10mutually to exchange the data with drying stove minute control station PLC, but should divide control station PLC to be possible to stand and the production line master control through the above-mentioned GENIUS local area network with the drying stove master control stands mutually exchanges the data, thus realized by has touched the screen to dry the stove correlation equipment the control and each kind of craft parameter on-line demonstration as well as breakdown information reporting to the police with the breakdown diagnosis.Fifth, concluding remarkIntroduces the PLC network in the drying stove control and touches the screen person - machine interface control system, the merit mainly displays in:The structure? disposition conforms to the standardization, the simplification and the modular principle, thus enhanced the entire wrap system reliability and the easy maintenance;Between various control stations the data transfer uses the? real-time communication link, enhanced the data transfer rate, thus has guaranteed the control system control precision;The powerful highly? effective person - machine connection system (GP570 touches screen), has established the effective relation method between the operator and the drying stove, by carries on the monitoring to the scene equipment, from diagnosis and initialization establishment and so on;The permission future enable the? entire control system through the installment partial hardware and correlation software the function to obtain the expansion;Because between various? control stations has used the private network, only uses a list shielded twisted pair then to be possible respectively to divide the control station and the master control station relates, maximum limit simplified the scene wiring, also causes the entire electrical installment, the debugging and the maintenance is more convenient.