單項選擇題解題技巧讓你從容應對高考.ppt

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,,,PracticeandProgress,TechniquesUsedinMultipleChoice,,單項填空題,高考題型專題復習,,命題特征,解題技巧,專題練習,,解題要素,,命題要點,Multiplechoicecharacteristics,單項填空的命題特征,,,知識覆蓋面廣語境地位突出交際性原則明確試題題干新穎迷惑性較大靈活性較高,Multiplechoicecheckpoints,單項填空的命題要點,情景交際動詞短語句子結構介詞搭配連詞、代詞形容詞、副詞情態(tài)動詞動詞語態(tài)動詞時態(tài)非謂語動詞,,EssentialFactorsinDoingMultipleChoice,分析句子結構,注重意群理解,單項填空的解題要素,一、分析句子結構句子結構復雜，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便會受到干擾項的干擾。解題時必須首先認清主要句子成份。,,,復雜句子解讀的一般規(guī)律是,謂語,She,saw,賓語,thatherboss,Mr.Foss，wasdeadonthefloor.,WhenMissGreengottotheofficeearlyyesterdaymorning，,whoworksinabigcompany，,主語,狀語,定語,找到主句及其謂語。,主句是復雜句中不帶連接詞的句子,,,WhenMrs.Green,whoworksinabigcompany,gottotheofficeyesterdaymorning,shesawthatherboss,Mr.Foss,wasdeadonthefloor.,主題（主語）TheoldEnglishteacher,,內(nèi)容（謂語）willgiveusatalk,內(nèi)容修正（狀語）whenheisfreenextweek,詞義限定1（定語）whoretiredtenyearsago----TheoldEnglishteacher,詞義限定2（定語）onhowtostudyEnglishwell----Atalk,TheoldEnglishteacherwhoretiredtenyearsagowillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenheisfreenextweek.,分析句子結構的一般規(guī)律是1）找到主語確定信息主題2）找到謂語確定信息內(nèi)容3）找到狀語確定信息成立的條件4）找到定語以確定某個名詞的準確意義解讀復雜句子的一般規(guī)律是1）解讀句子的關鍵是找到主句的謂語,主句是復雜句中不帶連接詞的句子。,二、注重意群理解groupmeaning意群在英語交際中表達一個詞組一個句子或一個段落的完整的意義。各個意群是一個有機的整體，在意義上不能把里面的單詞分割開來。,,,各個意群是一個有機的整體，在意義上不能把它們分割開來。如：,1.Jennyispleasantto_____.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.talkto,,D,2.Occasionsarequiterare___Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(08山東）A.WhoB.whichC.whyD.when,D,3.-----Whomwouldyourather_____withyou,MaryorJune?------________.A.go,NeitherB.havego,EitherC.havegone,EitherD.havetogo,Both,B,分析句子結構,注重意群理解,,Remember,,StrategiesUsedinMultipleChoice,解題策略：,,,把握語境信息,StrategyOne,,把握語境題干中不明確標示解題關鍵信息，而是比較巧妙地隱含在句子中，稍不注意就會錯選。,,,不同的語境傳達不同的信息,注意比較:,,1.①（原題）－HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?－Ihavenoidea.He_____itthismorning.（NMET2004全國II）②（改編）－HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?－Yes.He______itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,c,A,2.①（原題）--WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?--__wayasyouplease.(2004福建)②（改編）--WhichofthetwowaysshallItaketothevillage?--___wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either,,D,C,,3.①（原題）Whatworriesmeis____heisgoingtomaketheleapfromhiscomfortablelifewithustoindependence.(2009屆第一次聯(lián)考)A.howB.whatC.whereD.that②（改編）Whatcomforts/pleasesmeis____heisgoingtomaketheleapfromhiscomfortablelifewithustoindependence.,A,D,4.①（原題）---Thetwoexercisesaren’teasy,arethey?---Yes,____ofusdidthemright.（第一次聯(lián)考）noneB.allC.nooneD.everyone②（改編）---Thetwoexercisesaren’teasy,arethey?---Yes,____didthemright.③---Thetwoexercisesaren’teasy,arethey?---No,____ofusdidthemright.,應為every/anyoneofus,不能說everyone/someone/anyoneof,,B,B/D,A,以語境為切入點,認真思考。不放過任何細節(jié)，把握住題干里所隱藏的信息、關鍵詞。,解題訣竅,,,還原或化簡句子,StrategyTwo,還原或化簡句子題干以省略句、疑問句、被動句、倒裝句、強調(diào)句等形式，避開考生所熟悉的陳述句結構，從而加大難度。有時題干較長,加入了從句、插入語等修飾部分。,如：1.Whomwouldyouratherhave___withyou?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going,分析：測試的知識點是使役動詞have的賓語補足語用動詞原形表示將要發(fā)生的動作。havesb.dosth.,還原為：youwouldratherhavewhom______withyou.,一、將疑問句改成陳述句,1.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof___ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns,Weshouldmakegooduseoftime____ourlessonwell.,,C,2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.AtoinventBinventingCtohaveinventedDhavinginvented.,PeoplegenerallyconsideredCharlesBabbage____thefirstcomputer.,C,,二、改被動句為主動句,1.Itwas_____theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome．A．repairB．repairingC．torepairD．inrepair,還原為：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning____theoldclockathome．,三、強調(diào)句型還原成簡單句式,＿＿＿＿＿whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!A．whatreasonableB．HowareasonableC．HowreasonableD．Whatareasonable,WhatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded＿＿＿＿!很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)sound之后應接形容詞作表語。,,四、感嘆句還原為陳述句,Thatwas＿＿＿wehadinLondon3yearsago!A．wonderfultimeB．a(chǎn)wonderfultimeC．wonderfulD．wonderfully,可還原為：WehadawonderfultimeinLondon3yearsago．?？煽闯鲈搹秃暇渲杏幸还潭ù钆鋒adawonderfultime（玩得愉快），定語從句中省略了關系代詞that。,(that),,五、固定短語還原,六、補充省略成分,1.----Whatmadeyousohappy?-----_______.A.Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam.D.Mypassingtheexam.,(mademesohappy),2.Iftheweatherisfine,wellgo.If_____,_____.A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,not,Ifyoustudyhard,youllsucceed.Ifnot,not.,3.Oneofthesidesoftheblackboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_____.(2000春季招生)TheotheriswhiteB.AnotherwhiteC.TheotherwhiteD.Anotheriswhite,A少了painted,B和D不能用another,因為木板只有兩面，兩面中的另一面只能用theother.,C實際是theothershouldbepaintedwhite的省略,C,1.Hebelievesinhimself，______，inmyopinion,isofthemostimportance．A．thatB．whichC．whatD．As2.Thewriter，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,_____famousforthoseworks．A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．a(chǎn)mD．were,(),B,七、去掉插入語、分詞結構、從句等,A,(,),將不熟悉的疑問句，倒裝句，被動句，強調(diào)句等還原為熟悉的陳述句；也可將殘缺的部分補出或?qū)⒉迦胝Z等多余的部分刪除。,解題決竅,克服思維定勢,StrategyThree,克服思維定勢利用思維定勢的影響設計的題目是最容易讓我們上當?shù)念}目。因為我們背記了許多語法規(guī)則，詞匯，詞的固定搭配和句子結構等，做題時只注意這些熟悉的語法規(guī)則，結構和局部固定搭配，往往在沒有完全弄清整個題干意思是就作出了選擇，結果當然出錯。例如：,[解析]容易誤認為是考查spendsometime(in)doingsth結構而選A，忽視了waitingfor…這一部分。正確答案應是D。lockedinyourroom在句子里作方式狀語，“（我）被鎖在你的房間里等侯”。,1.Iwillspendawholeevening_____inyourroomwaitingforthethieftoarrive.A.lockingB.inlockingC.beinglockedD.locked,2.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.(2005山東卷)A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged,[解析]易受sbbeusedtodoing的影響而誤選C。根據(jù)句意和結構可知,hewasusedto為定語從句，修飾先行詞thecountrylife。此空格應填謂語動詞。,正確分析句子結構，正確理解意群，避免定勢思維。在學習過程中，尤其是復習階段，我們應就一些常見的、重要的詞、詞組及句型加以反復訓練，以加深印象，以避免思維定勢的干擾。,解題決竅：,熟悉英語文化,克服母語干擾,StrategyFour,英漢在表達習慣，思維方式等方面具有很多不同，出題者常利用漢英差異出題。,克服母語干擾,,,,注意：英漢在表達習慣，思維方式等方面具有很多不同，出題者常利用漢英差異出題。,1.---It’sgettinglate.I’mafraidImustbegoingnow.(2004全國）---OK._________A.Takeiteasy.B.Goslowly.C.Staylonger.D.Seeyou.,2.--IamafraidIcantreturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.(2008重慶卷)--_____.A.DontafraidB.BecarefulC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime,Illcometoseeyouif_____.A.youreconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou,Hewantstomovehouse,becausehehatesthe_____here.A.crowdedtrafficB.crowdedtrafficsC.busytrafficD.busytraffics,3.“如果你方便的話”說成英語是ifyouareconvenient嗎?,4.“交通擁擠”的英語是crowdedtraffic嗎?,留心英漢表達差異,平時要多讀﹑多比較﹑多歸納，用英語思維，避免Chinglish。,解題訣竅：,,,注重標點符號和連詞提示,StrategyFive,標點符號或連詞往往決定句子后半部分的句子成份。,標點符號，連詞,,,Tomhasmanyfriends;___canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem,Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____beingforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,2.Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____wereforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,1.ThegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyaNumberoffactors,_______arebeyondourcontrol.(08湖南)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat,借助標點符號或連詞，正確分析句子結構。它們往往決定句子后半部分是完整的句子還是句子成份，從而判斷所填答案是連詞還是代詞，是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。,解題決竅：,summary,分析句子結構,注重意群理解,單項填空的解題要素,解題策略：,,,,●近幾年各地高考單選題都強調(diào)交際性及語用性，純語法題已經(jīng)越來越少，廣東省已取消了語法單選題；因此復習過程中應注重語法在交際性習題中的活用，同時要注意詞的搭配﹑動詞短語及常用習語的積累。,,Practicemakesperfect!,,,goodstayingwithyou,Thankyou,