單項(xiàng)選擇題解題技巧讓你從容應(yīng)對(duì)高考.ppt

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,,,PracticeandProgress,TechniquesUsedinMultipleChoice,,單項(xiàng)填空題,高考題型專題復(fù)習(xí),,命題特征,解題技巧,專題練習(xí),,解題要素,,命題要點(diǎn),Multiplechoicecharacteristics,單項(xiàng)填空的命題特征,,,知識(shí)覆蓋面廣語境地位突出交際性原則明確試題題干新穎迷惑性較大靈活性較高,Multiplechoicecheckpoints,單項(xiàng)填空的命題要點(diǎn),情景交際動(dòng)詞短語句子結(jié)構(gòu)介詞搭配連詞、代詞形容詞、副詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞語態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞,,EssentialFactorsinDoingMultipleChoice,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),注重意群理解,單項(xiàng)填空的解題要素,一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便會(huì)受到干擾項(xiàng)的干擾。解題時(shí)必須首先認(rèn)清主要句子成份。,,,復(fù)雜句子解讀的一般規(guī)律是,謂語,She,saw,賓語,thatherboss,Mr.Foss，wasdeadonthefloor.,WhenMissGreengottotheofficeearlyyesterdaymorning，,whoworksinabigcompany，,主語,狀語,定語,找到主句及其謂語。,主句是復(fù)雜句中不帶連接詞的句子,,,WhenMrs.Green,whoworksinabigcompany,gottotheofficeyesterdaymorning,shesawthatherboss,Mr.Foss,wasdeadonthefloor.,主題（主語）TheoldEnglishteacher,,內(nèi)容（謂語）willgiveusatalk,內(nèi)容修正（狀語）whenheisfreenextweek,詞義限定1（定語）whoretiredtenyearsago----TheoldEnglishteacher,詞義限定2（定語）onhowtostudyEnglishwell----Atalk,TheoldEnglishteacherwhoretiredtenyearsagowillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenheisfreenextweek.,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)律是1）找到主語確定信息主題2）找到謂語確定信息內(nèi)容3）找到狀語確定信息成立的條件4）找到定語以確定某個(gè)名詞的準(zhǔn)確意義解讀復(fù)雜句子的一般規(guī)律是1）解讀句子的關(guān)鍵是找到主句的謂語,主句是復(fù)雜句中不帶連接詞的句子。,二、注重意群理解groupmeaning意群在英語交際中表達(dá)一個(gè)詞組一個(gè)句子或一個(gè)段落的完整的意義。各個(gè)意群是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，在意義上不能把里面的單詞分割開來。,,,各個(gè)意群是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，在意義上不能把它們分割開來。如：,1.Jennyispleasantto_____.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.talkto,,D,2.Occasionsarequiterare___Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(08山東）A.WhoB.whichC.whyD.when,D,3.-----Whomwouldyourather_____withyou,MaryorJune?------________.A.go,NeitherB.havego,EitherC.havegone,EitherD.havetogo,Both,B,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),注重意群理解,,Remember,,StrategiesUsedinMultipleChoice,解題策略：,,,把握語境信息,StrategyOne,,把握語境題干中不明確標(biāo)示解題關(guān)鍵信息，而是比較巧妙地隱含在句子中，稍不注意就會(huì)錯(cuò)選。,,,不同的語境傳達(dá)不同的信息,注意比較:,,1.①（原題）－HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?－Ihavenoidea.He_____itthismorning.（NMET2004全國(guó)II）②（改編）－HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?－Yes.He______itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,c,A,2.①（原題）--WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?--__wayasyouplease.(2004福建)②（改編）--WhichofthetwowaysshallItaketothevillage?--___wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either,,D,C,,3.①（原題）Whatworriesmeis____heisgoingtomaketheleapfromhiscomfortablelifewithustoindependence.(2009屆第一次聯(lián)考)A.howB.whatC.whereD.that②（改編）Whatcomforts/pleasesmeis____heisgoingtomaketheleapfromhiscomfortablelifewithustoindependence.,A,D,4.①（原題）---Thetwoexercisesaren’teasy,arethey?---Yes,____ofusdidthemright.（第一次聯(lián)考）noneB.allC.nooneD.everyone②（改編）---Thetwoexercisesaren’teasy,arethey?---Yes,____didthemright.③---Thetwoexercisesaren’teasy,arethey?---No,____ofusdidthemright.,應(yīng)為every/anyoneofus,不能說everyone/someone/anyoneof,,B,B/D,A,以語境為切入點(diǎn),認(rèn)真思考。不放過任何細(xì)節(jié)，把握住題干里所隱藏的信息、關(guān)鍵詞。,解題訣竅,,,還原或化簡(jiǎn)句子,StrategyTwo,還原或化簡(jiǎn)句子題干以省略句、疑問句、被動(dòng)句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等形式，避開考生所熟悉的陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)，從而加大難度。有時(shí)題干較長(zhǎng),加入了從句、插入語等修飾部分。,如：1.Whomwouldyouratherhave___withyou?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going,分析：測(cè)試的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是使役動(dòng)詞have的賓語補(bǔ)足語用動(dòng)詞原形表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。havesb.dosth.,還原為：youwouldratherhavewhom______withyou.,一、將疑問句改成陳述句,1.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof___ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns,Weshouldmakegooduseoftime____ourlessonwell.,,C,2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.AtoinventBinventingCtohaveinventedDhavinginvented.,PeoplegenerallyconsideredCharlesBabbage____thefirstcomputer.,C,,二、改被動(dòng)句為主動(dòng)句,1.Itwas_____theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome．A．repairB．repairingC．torepairD．inrepair,還原為：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning____theoldclockathome．,三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還原成簡(jiǎn)單句式,＿＿＿＿＿whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!A．whatreasonableB．HowareasonableC．HowreasonableD．Whatareasonable,WhatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded＿＿＿＿!很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)sound之后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。,,四、感嘆句還原為陳述句,Thatwas＿＿＿wehadinLondon3yearsago!A．wonderfultimeB．a(chǎn)wonderfultimeC．wonderfulD．wonderfully,可還原為：WehadawonderfultimeinLondon3yearsago．。可看出該復(fù)合句中有一固定搭配hadawonderfultime（玩得愉快），定語從句中省略了關(guān)系代詞that。,(that),,五、固定短語還原,六、補(bǔ)充省略成分,1.----Whatmadeyousohappy?-----_______.A.Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam.D.Mypassingtheexam.,(mademesohappy),2.Iftheweatherisfine,wellgo.If_____,_____.A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,not,Ifyoustudyhard,youllsucceed.Ifnot,not.,3.Oneofthesidesoftheblackboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_____.(2000春季招生)TheotheriswhiteB.AnotherwhiteC.TheotherwhiteD.Anotheriswhite,A少了painted,B和D不能用another,因?yàn)槟景逯挥袃擅妫瑑擅嬷械牧硪幻嬷荒苡胻heother.,C實(shí)際是theothershouldbepaintedwhite的省略,C,1.Hebelievesinhimself，______，inmyopinion,isofthemostimportance．A．thatB．whichC．whatD．As2.Thewriter，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,_____famousforthoseworks．A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．a(chǎn)mD．were,(),B,七、去掉插入語、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、從句等,A,(,),將不熟悉的疑問句，倒裝句，被動(dòng)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句等還原為熟悉的陳述句；也可將殘缺的部分補(bǔ)出或?qū)⒉迦胝Z等多余的部分刪除。,解題決竅,克服思維定勢(shì),StrategyThree,克服思維定勢(shì)利用思維定勢(shì)的影響設(shè)計(jì)的題目是最容易讓我們上當(dāng)?shù)念}目。因?yàn)槲覀儽秤浟嗽S多語法規(guī)則，詞匯，詞的固定搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等，做題時(shí)只注意這些熟悉的語法規(guī)則，結(jié)構(gòu)和局部固定搭配，往往在沒有完全弄清整個(gè)題干意思是就作出了選擇，結(jié)果當(dāng)然出錯(cuò)。例如：,[解析]容易誤認(rèn)為是考查spendsometime(in)doingsth結(jié)構(gòu)而選A，忽視了waitingfor…這一部分。正確答案應(yīng)是D。lockedinyourroom在句子里作方式狀語，“（我）被鎖在你的房間里等侯”。,1.Iwillspendawholeevening_____inyourroomwaitingforthethieftoarrive.A.lockingB.inlockingC.beinglockedD.locked,2.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.(2005山東卷)A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged,[解析]易受sbbeusedtodoing的影響而誤選C。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知,hewasusedto為定語從句，修飾先行詞thecountrylife。此空格應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞。,正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確理解意群，避免定勢(shì)思維。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，尤其是復(fù)習(xí)階段，我們應(yīng)就一些常見的、重要的詞、詞組及句型加以反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，以加深印象，以避免思維定勢(shì)的干擾。,解題決竅：,熟悉英語文化,克服母語干擾,StrategyFour,英漢在表達(dá)習(xí)慣，思維方式等方面具有很多不同，出題者常利用漢英差異出題。,克服母語干擾,,,,注意：英漢在表達(dá)習(xí)慣，思維方式等方面具有很多不同，出題者常利用漢英差異出題。,1.---It’sgettinglate.I’mafraidImustbegoingnow.(2004全國(guó)）---OK._________A.Takeiteasy.B.Goslowly.C.Staylonger.D.Seeyou.,2.--IamafraidIcantreturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.(2008重慶卷)--_____.A.DontafraidB.BecarefulC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime,Illcometoseeyouif_____.A.youreconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou,Hewantstomovehouse,becausehehatesthe_____here.A.crowdedtrafficB.crowdedtrafficsC.busytrafficD.busytraffics,3.“如果你方便的話”說成英語是ifyouareconvenient嗎?,4.“交通擁擠”的英語是crowdedtraffic嗎?,留心英漢表達(dá)差異,平時(shí)要多讀﹑多比較﹑多歸納，用英語思維，避免Chinglish。,解題訣竅：,,,注重標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和連詞提示,StrategyFive,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或連詞往往決定句子后半部分的句子成份。,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，連詞,,,Tomhasmanyfriends;___canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem,Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____beingforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,2.Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_____wereforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,1.ThegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyaNumberoffactors,_______arebeyondourcontrol.(08湖南)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat,借助標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或連詞，正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。它們往往決定句子后半部分是完整的句子還是句子成份，從而判斷所填答案是連詞還是代詞，是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。,解題決竅：,summary,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),注重意群理解,單項(xiàng)填空的解題要素,解題策略：,,,,●近幾年各地高考單選題都強(qiáng)調(diào)交際性及語用性，純語法題已經(jīng)越來越少，廣東省已取消了語法單選題；因此復(fù)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)注重語法在交際性習(xí)題中的活用，同時(shí)要注意詞的搭配﹑動(dòng)詞短語及常用習(xí)語的積累。,,Practicemakesperfect!,,,goodstayingwithyou,Thankyou,