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1、Unit 3 Language in use情態(tài)動詞(一)情態(tài)動詞(一) 初中階段,常用的情態(tài)動詞有can(could), may(might), must, have to(為半情態(tài)動詞), shall(should), will(would), need等。情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨使用,必須與其后的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。(1)情態(tài)動詞can, could。其用法如下: 1)表示能力(體力、知識、技能等)。如: Can you lift this heavy box? 你能舉起這個重箱子嗎?(表示體力) Mary can speak three languages. 瑪麗能說三門語
2、言。(表示知識) Can you skate? 你會滑冰嗎?(表示技能) 此時可用be able to代替can。can/could只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時;而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)。如: Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 我今天下午來不了了。 當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成某事”時應(yīng)用be able to,不能用can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 盡管昨晚雨很大,他還是能來參加聚會。 2)表示請求或允許
3、。如: Can I go now? 我現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎? Yes, you can./No, you cant. 是的,你可以走了。/不,你不能走。 此時can可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替,could和might不是過去式,只是語氣更委婉,而且不能用于肯定句和答語中。如: Could I come to see you tomorrow? 明天我能來看你嗎? Yes, you can./No, Im afraid not. 是的,你可以。/不,恐怕不行。 3)表示客觀可能性(客觀原因形成的能力)。如: This hall can hold 500 people a
4、t least. 這個大廳至少可以容納500個人。 4)表示推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度),用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。如: Can this be true? 這會是真的嗎? This cant be done by him. 這不可能是他干的。 (2)情態(tài)動詞may, might。其用法如下: 1)表示請求或允許。might比 may語氣更委婉,而不是過去式。否定回答時可用cant或mustnt,表示“不可以;禁止”。如: Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在這個房間里吸煙嗎? No, you cant/mustnt. 不,你不可以。 【注意】用Ma
5、y I.?征詢對方許可時比較正式和客氣,而Can I.?在口語中更常見。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。如: May you succeed! 祝你成功! 3)表示推測、可能性(不用于疑問句)。might不是過去式,只是它所表示的可能性比may小。如: He may/might be very busy now. 也許他這會兒很忙。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 你母親也許不知道真相。 (3)情態(tài)動詞must, have to。其用法如下: 1)表示必須、必要。如: You must come in time. 你必須及時趕來。 在回答由mus
6、t或have to引出的問句時,如果是否定的,不能用mustnt(禁止;不準(zhǔn)),而要用neednt或dont have to(不必)。如: Must we hand in our exercise books today? 我們必須今天上交練習(xí)本嗎? Yes, you must./No, you dont have to/neednt. 是的,必須今天上交。/不,不必。 2)must是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時,而have to有更多的時態(tài)形式。如: The play isnt interesting, I really must go now.
7、這部劇不好看,我現(xiàn)在真的得走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我在你這個年紀(jì)時就得工作了。 3)表示推測、可能性(只用于肯定的陳述句)。如: Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你母親現(xiàn)在一定正在等著你。(4)情態(tài)動詞need。其用法如下: need作情態(tài)動詞時,常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。如: You neednt come so early. 你不必來這么早。 【注意】need作實義動詞時,有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化,后面只能接帶
8、to的不定式。如: He needs to finish his homework today. 他今天得完成他的家庭作業(yè)?!驹掝}呈現(xiàn)】【話題呈現(xiàn)】 本模塊以“Rules and suggestions”為話題,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對提出建議和注意事項句型的表達(dá)能力,包括應(yīng)該做的和不應(yīng)該做的事項,比如表示責(zé)任義務(wù)、禁止等句型的表達(dá)?!炯丫渌C萃】【佳句薈萃】 You must be careful of falling stones. 你們必須小心跌落的巖石。 You might fall and hurt yourselves. 你們也許會跌倒傷著自己。 You mustnt go off on your
9、 own. 你們一定不要單獨離開。 Watch out! 當(dāng)心! Dont crowd with each other. 不要互相擁擠。 You mustnt walk too close to the edge of the hill path because you might fall and hurt yourselves. 不許太靠近山路的邊緣走,因為你們可能會掉下去并傷著自己。 You should always wear proper clothes. 你們應(yīng)該總是穿著合適的衣服。 Everyone must obey these rules. 大家都必須遵守這些規(guī)則。 I th
10、ink we should be allowed to do something, not just be told everything. 我覺得應(yīng)該允許我們做一些事情,而不是告訴我們每件事。 I hope there could be some little changes on these rules. 我希望關(guān)于這些規(guī)則能有一些小的改變?!緦懽魅蝿?wù)寫作任務(wù)】 我們即將迎來輕松又豐富多彩的假期生活,同學(xué)們一定會安排各種活動,比如在家、聚會、外出旅行等。請你根據(jù)以下提示,寫一篇英語短文,發(fā)布在班級QQ群中,提醒同學(xué)注意安全。ActivitiesSuggestionsstay at home
11、keep away from firehave a partycome back home by 10 oclockgo outfollow the traffic rules.注意:100詞左右,開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名和地名?!緦懽髦笇?dǎo)】 1. 提建議時要注意用多種提建議的句式。 2. 注意層次要分明。Beginning開篇點題開篇點題 We should 1 our personal safety.pay attention toBody安全建議安全建議 2. When we . We are supposed to .3. If we have a pa
12、rty, its safe to . .4. When we go out, we should .Ending總結(jié)總結(jié) Its our duty to 5 . Lets start from today.stay at homekeep away from fire come back home by 10 oclock follow the traffic rules protect ourselves【自主創(chuàng)作】【自主創(chuàng)作】 In our daily life, theres always something unexpected. It is our duty to protect o
13、urselves. Lets start from today. 【范文展示】【范文展示】 In our daily life, theres always something unexpected. So we must pay more attention to our safety in our coming vacation. When we stay at home, we are supposed to keep away from fire, and make sure doors and windows are shut before we leave. If we have
14、a party, its safe to come back home by 10 oclock at night. And we had better not make friends with strangers. When we go out for a trip, we must be careful when we take photos and climb the mountains. We should follow the traffic rules when walking across the road. Besides, remember its dangerous to swim alone in the river. All in all, safety must come first!Have a happyand safe vacation! It is our duty to protect ourselves. Lets start from today.【升格點撥】 1. 段落分明、層次清晰、句式豐富、要點齊全。 2. 時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句用得恰當(dāng)。