助動(dòng)詞 講義 高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí).docx

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1、高考英語知識(shí)梳理”助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞一、助動(dòng)詞的作用 一、助動(dòng)詞的作用.構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài) He is singing.他在唱歌。 He has arrived.他己經(jīng)到了。 Tomorrow will be the first day of autumn.明天是秋天的第一天。 1 .構(gòu)成語態(tài)He was sent to England.他被派往英國。 The children have been having a lot of run.孩子們一直玩得很開心。 2 .構(gòu)成疑問句Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？ Did you study French?你

2、們學(xué)過法語嗎？ Are the small animals kept in the cages?小動(dòng)物都關(guān)在籠子里嗎？ 4.與not 一起構(gòu)成否定I don't like him.我不喜歡他。 If it should not snow tomorrow, we would not leave.明天不下雪，我們就不走。 5 .強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語I do love you.我真的喜歡你。 Do come to my birthday party.—定來參加我的生日宴會(huì)。 I did go there.我確實(shí)去那兒了。 6 .構(gòu)成倒裝句Never did I hear of such a th

3、ing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。 Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.無論如何我也不會(huì)借錢給他。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在開始大學(xué)生活時(shí)我們才認(rèn)識(shí)到英語的重要性。 7 .替代實(shí)義動(dòng)詞He made a mistake the other day and he did the same mistake again yesterday. 幾天前他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，昨天他又犯了相同的錯(cuò)誤。（did代替

4、made）—She loves roses most.她最愛玫瑰花了。 —So she does.她確實(shí)最愛玫瑰花。（does代替loves）助動(dòng)詞二、助動(dòng)詞的用法 二、助動(dòng)詞的用法be （1）構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Some boys are playing on the grass.—些男孩正在草地上玩。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 時(shí)） Yesterday we were discussing a new teaching plan. 昨天我們?cè)谟懻撔陆虒W(xué)計(jì)劃。（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） （2）構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)The door was broken by Tom.門是湯姆打破的。 English is taught i

5、n our school.我校教英語。 （3）be+動(dòng)詞不定式The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries. 這項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是為了對(duì)他的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)而表示的敬意。（表示目的）The president is to visit China next year. 總統(tǒng)將于明年訪問中國。（表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事情）You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. 任何移動(dòng)通訊工具都不得帶入考場(chǎng)。（表示命令，指令）This letter is to

6、 be handed to him in person. 這封信必須要面交他本人。（表示必須，必要）have （1）構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)態(tài)He has left for Japan.他己去了日本。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） I have been reading a novel since this morning. 從今早起，我就一直在看一本小說。（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）He had finished it when I arrived.我到達(dá)的時(shí)候他已完成了。（過去完成時(shí)） He will have finished it when we arrive.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)他將完成了。（將來 完成時(shí)） （2）構(gòu)

7、成被動(dòng)語態(tài)The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 那個(gè)重要的問題已經(jīng)被討論近兩個(gè)星期了。 How long has the machine been used?這機(jī)器使用有多久了？ Every means has been used to get him to change his mind. 為了轉(zhuǎn)變他的想法，所有的辦法都用過了。 （3）口語中，常用have got代替haveI only like films that have got plenty of action. 我只喜歡有很多驚險(xiǎn)動(dòng)作

8、的電影。 We have simply got to see him.我們非見他不可。 1. do （1）構(gòu)成疑問句Do you go to school on Saturday? 你星期六上學(xué)嗎？ Does he like swimming in summer? 他夏天喜歡游泳嗎？ Did you take breakfast yesterday?你昨天吃早飯了嗎？ （2）構(gòu)成否定句You don't study hard.你不用功。 She doesn't enjoy reading.她不喜歡閱讀。 I didn't sleep well last night.我昨夜睡得不

9、好。 （3）構(gòu)成否定的祈使句Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心大意。 Don't hesitate to come when you need help,有困難只管來找我。 （4）強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語I do wish you will come.我實(shí)在希望你會(huì)來。 They did go there.他們的確去了那里。 Do tell me the truth,—定要告訴我事實(shí)。 （5）代替實(shí)義動(dòng)詞—Does he also study geography? 他也學(xué)地理嗎？ — Yes, he does.是的，他學(xué)地理。（does 代替 studies）He works

10、 even harder than you do.他比你還要用功。（do 代替 work） 2. shall, will （1）shall和will構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)。 I shall study harder at English,我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。 I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我就不來。 My brother will leave for the United States next week. 我的哥哥下星期要到美國去。 He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。 （2）shall R用于第一人稱，will可用于第一、第二、第三人稱。 I will help him if he asks me.只要他愿意,我會(huì)幫助他。 You will report me afterwards.事后你必須向我報(bào)告。 They say that it will rain tomorrow.他們說明天下雨。