船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廢氣余熱回收設(shè)計(jì)【三維SW】【含9張CAD高清圖紙、文檔全套】【LB4】
【溫馨提示】=【1】設(shè)計(jì)包含CAD圖紙 和 DOC文檔，均可以在線預(yù)覽，所見(jiàn)即所得，dwg后綴的文件為CAD圖，超高清，可編輯，無(wú)任何水印，充值下載得到【資源目錄】里展示的所有文件=【2】若題目上備注三維，則表示文件里包含三維源文件，由于三維組成零件數(shù)量較多，為保證預(yù)覽的簡(jiǎn)潔性，店家將三維文件夾進(jìn)行了打包。三維預(yù)覽圖，均為店主電腦打開(kāi)軟件進(jìn)行截圖的，保證能夠打開(kāi)，下載后解壓即可。=【3】特價(jià)促銷(xiāo)，拼團(tuán)購(gòu)買(mǎi)，均有不同程度的打折優(yōu)惠，詳情可咨詢(xún)QQ：1304139763 或者 414951605=【4】 題目最后的備注【LB系列】為店主整理分類(lèi)的代號(hào)，與課題內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，請(qǐng)忽視
理工科類(lèi)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告論文(設(shè)計(jì))題目船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)作者所在系別機(jī)電工程學(xué)院作者所在專(zhuān)業(yè)車(chē)輛工程作者所在班級(jí)B13142作 者 姓 名劉強(qiáng)作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)201322399指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng)副高完 成 時(shí) 間2017年3月5日北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制說(shuō) 明1根據(jù)學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定，學(xué)生必須撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告。開(kāi)題報(bào)告作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。2開(kāi)題報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在專(zhuān)業(yè)教研室論證審查后生效。開(kāi)題報(bào)告不合格者需重做。3畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是，逐條認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)言通順，外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫(xiě)詞，須注出全稱(chēng)。4開(kāi)題報(bào)告中除最后一頁(yè)外均由學(xué)生填寫(xiě)，填寫(xiě)各欄目時(shí)可根據(jù)內(nèi)容另加附頁(yè)。5閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上（土建類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減），其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專(zhuān)業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。6參考文獻(xiàn)的書(shū)寫(xiě)應(yīng)遵循畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范要求。7開(kāi)題報(bào)告應(yīng)與文獻(xiàn)綜述、一篇外文譯文和外文原文復(fù)印件同時(shí)提交，文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫(xiě)格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范的要求，字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告學(xué)生姓名劉強(qiáng)專(zhuān) 業(yè)車(chē)輛工程班 級(jí)B13142指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景職 稱(chēng)副高工作單位北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院課題來(lái)源教師自擬課題課題性質(zhì)理論研究課題名稱(chēng)船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)本設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)依據(jù)（科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景，國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況，目前技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等）一、本設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景自1973 年世界發(fā)生石油危機(jī)以來(lái)，加上環(huán)境污染的加劇，節(jié)能問(wèn)題日益引起了人們的重視。如何提高能源的利用率，減少船舶柴油機(jī)廢氣的排放，保護(hù)人類(lèi)賴(lài)以生存的環(huán)境是許多人致力研究的課題。就燃料大戶(hù)船舶而言，目前柴油機(jī)余熱的利用主要是利用廢氣渦輪增壓器將廢氣能量轉(zhuǎn)換成掃氣空氣的壓力來(lái)提高柴油機(jī)的功率和效率，同時(shí)利用廢氣鍋爐產(chǎn)生 0.5MPa 左右的飽和水蒸汽來(lái)滿(mǎn)足船員的日常生活用水及油艙的加熱保溫等，卻忽略了柴油機(jī)冷卻水帶走了大量熱量這一事實(shí)。這使得廢熱的利用不僅不充分，而且不合理。在船舶朝著大型化、高速化發(fā)展的今天，柴油機(jī)的額定功率最大的已超過(guò)37285KW，為減少耗油，柴油機(jī)冷卻水的出口溫度也從20世紀(jì)60 年代的60-65C提高到現(xiàn)在的80-85C，有些高速機(jī)高達(dá)90C以上。船舶安裝廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供正確的方法和必要的參考。有系統(tǒng)不見(jiàn)的熱力設(shè)計(jì)可得到系統(tǒng)各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)，所示與效率。對(duì)船舶廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析。冷卻水出口溫度的增加使冷卻水熱能的品質(zhì)有了很大的提高，也為冷卻水余熱的利用創(chuàng)造了更好的條件。因此柴油機(jī)余熱的利用，無(wú)論從經(jīng)濟(jì)上或環(huán)保方面都具有重大價(jià)值。本文將著重探討如何優(yōu)化利用柴油機(jī)排氣余熱。二、本設(shè)計(jì)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況 余熱回收系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用在船舶行業(yè)可以追溯較長(zhǎng)的歷史和擁有廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍，在眾多種的船舶上都裝有廢氣鍋爐系統(tǒng)，利用廢氣的能量轉(zhuǎn)化獲得船用蒸汽。與此同時(shí)，大功率低轉(zhuǎn)速的船用柴油機(jī)尾氣排放較大，隨著廢氣渦輪增壓器研究技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在尾氣進(jìn)出口進(jìn)入廢氣渦輪增壓器前進(jìn)行分流，一定流量的尾氣提供給渦輪，尾氣在動(dòng)力渦輪中膨脹再將熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能和的電能。這在技術(shù)上是可行的。設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和預(yù)期成果（具體設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和重點(diǎn)解決的技術(shù)問(wèn)題、預(yù)期成果和提供的形式）一、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容（1）查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，搜集船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)。（2）簡(jiǎn)述其工作原理性質(zhì)二、重點(diǎn)解決的技術(shù)問(wèn)題（1）如何最大限度利用余熱，以提高船舶運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性對(duì)外形裝置進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)三、預(yù)期成果（1）完成對(duì)船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置的設(shè)計(jì)（2）繪制完成總裝配圖、零件圖（3）完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告擬采取設(shè)計(jì)方法和技術(shù)支持（設(shè)計(jì)方案、技術(shù)要求、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和步驟、可能遇到的問(wèn)題和解決辦法等）先對(duì)船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)余熱裝置主體部分進(jìn)行測(cè)繪，并利用solidworks軟件進(jìn)行三維圖的繪制，并完成裝配。再查閱相關(guān)資料余熱裝置進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，使其在對(duì)應(yīng)的工作原理下進(jìn)行工作。實(shí)現(xiàn)本項(xiàng)目預(yù)期目標(biāo)和已具備的條件（包括過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)、研究工作基礎(chǔ)，現(xiàn)有主要儀器設(shè)備、設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境及協(xié)作條件等）一、本項(xiàng)目的預(yù)期目標(biāo)完成總裝配圖及零件圖，并且內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)合理，能完成基本廢氣回收。 二、已經(jīng)具備的條件（1）已經(jīng)能熟練運(yùn)用solidworks等制圖軟件；（2）本設(shè)計(jì)需要一定的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)功底及其一定機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方面的資料，這些可以從圖書(shū)館及老師處借閱，可以充分利用系里的CAD/CAM實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)工作。 各環(huán)節(jié)擬定階段性工作進(jìn)度(以周為單位)第1-3周 熟悉課題，查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，撰寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述；第4-8周 繪制零件圖及總裝配圖；第9-11周 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)部齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置；第11-15周 整理思路，并撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)論文，答辯。開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告 審 定 紀(jì) 要時(shí) 間地點(diǎn)主持人參會(huì)教師姓 名職 務(wù)（職 稱(chēng)）姓 名職 務(wù)（職 稱(chēng)）論證情況摘要 記錄人：指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日教研室意見(jiàn)教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)文獻(xiàn)綜述設(shè)計(jì) (論文)題目船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)作者所在系別機(jī)電工程學(xué)院作者所在專(zhuān)業(yè)車(chē)輛工程作者所在班級(jí)B13142作 者 姓 名劉強(qiáng)作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)201322399指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦云景指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng)副高完 成 時(shí) 間2017年3月5日北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制說(shuō) 明1根據(jù)學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定，學(xué)生必須撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)文獻(xiàn)綜述。文獻(xiàn)綜述作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。2文獻(xiàn)綜述應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成，由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)并經(jīng)所在專(zhuān)業(yè)教研室審查。3文獻(xiàn)綜述各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是，文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)言通順，外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫(xiě)詞，須注出全稱(chēng)。4學(xué)生撰寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述，閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上（土建類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減），其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專(zhuān)業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。5文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫(xiě)格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范的要求，字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。文獻(xiàn)綜述應(yīng)與開(kāi)題報(bào)告同時(shí)提交。畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述摘要船舶就像是漂浮在海洋上面的城市。隨著科學(xué)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為了節(jié)省能源和更有效的利用船舶廢氣，所以我們要進(jìn)行船舶廢氣利用的研究。對(duì)船舶廢氣利用研究的同時(shí)也促使了各種設(shè)備的推陳出新。超大型船舶主機(jī)功率龐大，廢氣排放熱量可觀。借助廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)，可將部分廢氣余熱利用，達(dá)到節(jié)能的目的。船舶安裝廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)可提高燃油利用率。對(duì)于不同的船舶，需從工作可靠性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性綜合考慮，選取合適的廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性的模擬分析，可合理預(yù)測(cè)和效驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際工作情況，為船舶廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供正確的方法和必要的參考。由系統(tǒng)的熱力平衡，可求出系統(tǒng)的熱力學(xué)參數(shù)，由柴油機(jī)部件的熱力計(jì)算可得到各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)損失與效率損失。對(duì)船舶廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析，不僅可以為廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)提供最優(yōu)的工作參數(shù)，同時(shí)也可以使柴油機(jī)達(dá)到最佳的工作狀態(tài)。關(guān)鍵詞：廢氣余熱；冷卻水余熱；余熱利用AbstractA ship is a city floating in the ocean .With the development of science and technology，to suit various operations on board，the life of the seaman，property and security of personnel needs，not only promote the equipment is gradually improving，but also created the deck equipments ，power plant. The ships are very big and the power is also big. And the exhaust emission is a lot.In virtue of the exhaust gas system can utilize part of the exhaust gas to reach the aim utilizating of waste heat in bessels. The fixing of utilization of waste heat in vessels could improve the using of fuel. For different vessels the dependability and economic should be taken into account. Choosing the proper exhaust gas system, By the static state idiocratic simulate analyse, can properly forecast and efficacy the situation of the practice system. To afford the correct method and necessary consult. By the account of the heat balance of the system can educe the energetics parameter of the system. Form the components heat design can acquirability the frame of every parts and the efficiency. Analysing the exhaust gas using system can provide the best working parameter to make the system reach the best working state. KEYWORDS: exhaust emission; waste heat ;working parameter一、本設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)意義及目的自1973 年世界發(fā)生石油危機(jī)以來(lái)，加上環(huán)境污染的加劇，節(jié)能問(wèn)題日益引起了人們的重視。如何提高能源的利用率，減少船舶柴油機(jī)廢氣的排放，保護(hù)人類(lèi)賴(lài)以生存的環(huán)境是許多人致力研究的課題。就燃料大戶(hù)船舶而言，目前柴油機(jī)余熱的利用主要是利用廢氣渦輪增壓器將廢氣能量轉(zhuǎn)換成掃氣空氣的壓力來(lái)提高柴油機(jī)的功率和效率，同時(shí)利用廢氣鍋爐產(chǎn)生 0.5MPa 左右的飽和水蒸汽來(lái)滿(mǎn)足船員的日常生活用水及油艙的加熱保溫等，卻忽略了柴油機(jī)冷卻水帶走了大量熱量這一事實(shí)。這使得廢熱的利用不僅不充分，而且不合理。在船舶朝著大型化、高速化發(fā)展的今天，柴油機(jī)的額定功率最大的已超過(guò)37285KW，為減少耗油，柴油機(jī)冷卻水的出口溫度也從20世紀(jì)60 年代的60-65C提高到現(xiàn)在的80-85C，有些高速機(jī)高達(dá)90C以上。船舶安裝廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供正確的方法和必要的參考。有系統(tǒng)不見(jiàn)的熱力設(shè)計(jì)可得到系統(tǒng)各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)，所示與效率。對(duì)船舶廢氣余熱利用系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析。冷卻水出口溫度的增加使冷卻水熱能的品質(zhì)有了很大的提高，也為冷卻水余熱的利用創(chuàng)造了更好的條件。因此柴油機(jī)余熱的利用，無(wú)論從經(jīng)濟(jì)上或環(huán)保方面都具有重大價(jià)值。本文將著重探討如何優(yōu)化利用柴油機(jī)排氣余熱。二、本文主要解決的問(wèn)題如何更好的合理利用資源，提高船舶運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性；如何最大限度利用余熱，以提高船舶運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 三、船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況 余熱回收系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用在船舶行業(yè)可以追溯較長(zhǎng)的歷史和擁有廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍，在眾多種的船舶上都裝有廢氣鍋爐系統(tǒng)，利用廢氣的能量轉(zhuǎn)化獲得船用蒸汽。與此同時(shí)，大功率低轉(zhuǎn)速的船用柴油機(jī)尾氣排放較大，隨著廢氣渦輪增壓器研究技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在尾氣進(jìn)出口進(jìn)入廢氣渦輪增壓器前進(jìn)行分流，一定流量的尾氣提供給渦輪，尾氣在動(dòng)力渦輪中膨脹再將熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能和的電能。這在技術(shù)上是可行的。四 總結(jié) （一）船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置發(fā)展對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展具有重大作 作用。 （二）本文對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展做了概述，明確了要考慮成本、實(shí)用性、使用壽命等方面去完成設(shè)計(jì)。參考文獻(xiàn)1吳恒，船舶動(dòng)力裝置技術(shù)管理M，大連海事大學(xué)出版社,2005.8.2孫培廷，船舶柴油機(jī)M，大連海事大學(xué)出版社,2002.2.3詹宗勉，工程熱力學(xué)和傳熱學(xué)M，大連海事大學(xué)出版社，1995.4李國(guó)綱，管理系統(tǒng)工程M，中國(guó)人民出版社,1992.5王建斌，輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)M，大連海事大學(xué)出版社,2001.5.6滿(mǎn)一新，輪機(jī)維護(hù)與修理M，大連海事大學(xué)出版社,2000.5.7李 斌，孫培廷，柴油機(jī)余熱加熱壓載水的可行性研究 J ，大連海事大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2001，27（2）：50-53.8杜榮銘，船舶柴油機(jī)M，大連海事大學(xué)出版社,1999.11.9（日）高田秋一， 大型熱泵與排熱回收M，東京：烴加工出版社，1986.10左春寬，現(xiàn)代輪機(jī)管理技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)性研究M，大連海事大學(xué)，2003.3.11（美）R-JGOLDSTICK，余熱回收手冊(cè)J，中南工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，1987.22-26.12IMO，Port State Control-an updateN，IMO，News,No.1 ，2000.畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日專(zhuān)業(yè)教研室審查意見(jiàn) 負(fù)責(zé)人： 年 月 日 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文)外 文 翻 譯原 文 標(biāo) 題Design of marine engine exhaust heat recovery device譯 文 標(biāo) 題船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)作者所在系別機(jī)電工程學(xué)院作者所在專(zhuān)業(yè)車(chē)輛工程作者所在班級(jí)B13142作 者 姓 名劉強(qiáng)作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)201322399指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng)副高完 成 時(shí) 間2017年3月5日北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制譯文標(biāo)題船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)原文標(biāo)題Design of marine engine exhaust heat recovery device作 者JahedulIslamChowdhury譯 名埃爾祖魯姆國(guó) 籍土耳其原文出處Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture譯文：船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣余熱回收裝置設(shè)計(jì)在當(dāng)今社會(huì)上，廢氣余熱已經(jīng)成為了一種對(duì)環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象，本文主要設(shè)計(jì)了船用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廢氣余熱回收的裝置，也就是余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的模型。文章主要介紹了余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)方案，主要原理是，在兩個(gè)發(fā)電元件之間通過(guò)溫度差，將熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。主要構(gòu)成由有冷源和熱源，微型發(fā)電機(jī)組成。其特點(diǎn)是，使用便利，質(zhì)量高，對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害，同時(shí)又節(jié)約了能源。文章建立的余熱發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)模型的理論基礎(chǔ)是建立在湯姆森效應(yīng)之上。關(guān)鍵詞：余熱利用, 余熱發(fā)電模型, 湯姆森效應(yīng)一、余熱發(fā)電理論目前在微電子發(fā)電機(jī)研究方面，國(guó)外微電子發(fā)電機(jī)的理論具有代表性的是普林斯頓大學(xué)，南加州大學(xué)和密歇根大學(xué)。美國(guó)的研究成果大多集中在日本的廢熱使用研究的軍事，航空航天，實(shí)踐和高科技方面，已經(jīng)應(yīng)用了熱電發(fā)電機(jī)組。 我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段狀況：熱電是可逆的，熱電發(fā)電和半導(dǎo)體冷卻是熱電現(xiàn)象的兩個(gè)方面，相互可逆。 一般是PN結(jié)，假設(shè)溫差可以用來(lái)發(fā)電，若是電源，可以在一端使用冷。半導(dǎo)體制冷和使用具有一定的程度，已經(jīng)有商業(yè)設(shè)施和發(fā)售，然而溫差發(fā)電, 這幾乎是一個(gè)空白。這是因?yàn)槲覈?guó)在軍事高科技研發(fā)能力相對(duì)落后。現(xiàn)階段隨著何種學(xué)術(shù)互補(bǔ)，我國(guó)許多學(xué)者對(duì)外接觸相干技術(shù)，在以后的發(fā)展中，這種情況一定會(huì)逐漸改善。 余熱發(fā)電的前提是利用余熱發(fā)生器，他是將熱電材料產(chǎn)生的熱電效應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為電流。包括塞貝克效應(yīng)，珀耳帖效應(yīng)和湯姆森效應(yīng)。這三個(gè)因素與開(kāi)爾文關(guān)系：有關(guān)，如圖所示：該裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)與傳統(tǒng)的跨平面型微電子冷卻裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。交叉平面微電子冷卻裝置的原理與傳統(tǒng)的熱電冷卻裝置的原理非常相似，除了基板和熱電偶臂本體成為薄膜材料之外，由于在這種冰箱構(gòu)造中，熱流的導(dǎo)向和基板其表面是如此垂直所謂的。雙層基板是連接到冷端和發(fā)電機(jī)的熱端的熱電偶。其原理是：根據(jù)塞貝克效應(yīng)，當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)的冷熱端溫度差時(shí)，電路會(huì)產(chǎn)生電流。他使用厚膜Bi2Te3合金材料，同時(shí)保持熱電臂的橫截面積和長(zhǎng)度比相同的條件，減少熱電吊臂，增加每單位體積密度的熱功率。同時(shí)，微電子發(fā)電裝置連接數(shù)萬(wàn)個(gè)熱電偶，在低溫差下獲得電壓高電壓，這種微電熱發(fā)電裝置的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是其制造工藝結(jié)合了電化學(xué)沉積和集成電路蝕刻工藝。測(cè)試裝置由2300個(gè)熱電偶組成，熱電臂的長(zhǎng)度為50m，直徑為6m。 在8.5K的溫差下，可以在4.1V的電壓下提供22mw的功率。 試驗(yàn)表明，上述所用可用于MEMS，提供微功率。 目前，JPL正在研發(fā)使用P型和N型Bi2T3，納米線替代厚膜合金，便用相似的措施完成更小尺寸的半導(dǎo)體電偶臂。當(dāng)然發(fā)電器的構(gòu)造還有很多，然而就目前的選取的幾種上述結(jié)果證明，微卷熱電轉(zhuǎn)換器的熱損失較小，熱能利用率較高，但微加工愈加艱巨。同時(shí)，因?yàn)闊犭姴牧显跍囟忍荻确较蛏蠟榇?lián)，所以熱電材料的溫度差不是很大，所以發(fā)電量也很小。薄膜熱電發(fā)電程序從來(lái)說(shuō)微處理技術(shù)相對(duì)成熟，其尺寸相對(duì)較小。但是由一般低功率產(chǎn)生的功率，僅有微瓦熱電堆PN結(jié)相對(duì)于溫度場(chǎng)是一個(gè)并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，每對(duì)PN結(jié)具備一樣的溫差，所以每對(duì)PN結(jié)串聯(lián)，功率較大，另外，熱源腔最好設(shè)計(jì)得相對(duì)大一點(diǎn)，這樣燃料燃燒，溫度掌控等比較容易，然而熱損失比微型線圈發(fā)電機(jī)要大。在這里用熱電堆式熱電發(fā)生器作為熱電電源的重要部件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)。二、余熱發(fā)電模塊設(shè)計(jì)熱電堆型微電熱發(fā)電機(jī)主要包括上，下熱罩，分流芯片，焊料層，PN結(jié)懸臂和輸出線等部件。 微電子發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出功率和效率會(huì)被接觸電阻影響，湯姆遜效應(yīng)和溫度波動(dòng)的影響以及熱覆蓋片，導(dǎo)流板和焊料層對(duì)熱導(dǎo)率的影響。熱電發(fā)電器模塊的設(shè)計(jì)有水流道、氣流道和熱電發(fā)電偶臂的構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)模塊的形態(tài)要注意熱量的最大利用。余熱發(fā)電器模塊設(shè)計(jì)通常有，微卷式SwissRoll，熱電堆和薄膜熱發(fā)電，在這三者之間進(jìn)行比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，微卷式雖然熱量損失小，但是加工很復(fù)雜，沒(méi)有條件不便使用。薄膜熱發(fā)電的處理技術(shù)相對(duì)不成熟，而且功率很低，不宜進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。PN節(jié)和溫度場(chǎng)的熱電堆并聯(lián)，每對(duì)PN結(jié)溫差相同，所以每對(duì)PN結(jié)串聯(lián)，發(fā)電功率較大，最終采用熱電堆熱電，發(fā)電機(jī)作為火力發(fā)電的部件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)。為達(dá)到最大熱量的利用，所以我想到了“雙管形熱電發(fā)電器”和“方形熱電發(fā)電器”，雙管形熱電發(fā)電器的熱量利用率比方形熱電發(fā)電器要高，但其應(yīng)用中制作方面要求較高而且維修不方便，方形熱電發(fā)電器不但具有較高的熱利用率，并且后期用于制造方便，維修簡(jiǎn)單所以最后采用方形熱電發(fā)電器。下面我以簡(jiǎn)圖的形式來(lái)介紹一下方形熱電發(fā)電器電偶臂的具體組成：三、余熱發(fā)電器設(shè)計(jì) 發(fā)電機(jī)組主要有熱蓋基板，導(dǎo)流板和電臂三部分。 當(dāng)電臂端部之間的溫差，P，N結(jié)兩種不同的熱電材料會(huì)產(chǎn)生Seebeck（Seebeck）效應(yīng)，所以電路中有電流。 PN電動(dòng)臂式熱電發(fā)電機(jī)在通風(fēng)管與水管之間， PN熱電偶熱電發(fā)電機(jī)有電絕緣熱套，引流銅和PN電臂，熱蓋95的氧化鋁陶瓷， 導(dǎo)電層材料為銅板，焊料層為75和95的錫和導(dǎo)電銀塑料和高溫銀漿。 電臂材料為Bi2Se3，熱電發(fā)電機(jī)電臂橫截面尺寸為3mm3mm，高16.4mm，電臂對(duì)對(duì)199對(duì)。 從以往的理論分析可以看出，熱電材料的選擇賽貝克越高，質(zhì)量越好。四、余熱發(fā)電器的工藝設(shè)計(jì)熱電發(fā)電機(jī)電臂橫截面尺寸大多為1mm2以上，粒徑較大，熱電材料切割比較容易。 PN結(jié)臂放在陣列的專(zhuān)用的模具中，用手動(dòng)方法，總的加工相對(duì)容易。流程圖如圖321?，F(xiàn)具體闡述如下：在用導(dǎo)向?qū)犹幚硖沾苫逯?，接下?lái)是生產(chǎn)電臂。 因?yàn)殡妱?dòng)臂的尺寸小，材料脆性好，所以這里是一個(gè)硅模工藝，也就是先制成一個(gè)正方形的正方形的硅模陣列，再放入熔融的熱電材料中，并將發(fā)電機(jī)覆蓋的基板，再去除原有的硅模，留下熱電電偶臂。 詳細(xì)的硅模工藝如下：按照熱電發(fā)生器的設(shè)計(jì)，制造光刻膠曝光用掩模膜。使用厚度為0.3mm0.5mm的拋光硅晶片，尺寸為8.“蕩滌硅晶片，用氫氟酸緩沖液作為蝕刻溶液除去二氧化硅的外表，并在涂層上放置一層光機(jī)器光致抗蝕劑的厚度約為50微米。曝光顯影后，光致抗蝕劑在硅晶片的表面上形成方孔陣列，再經(jīng)過(guò)深度光刻，硅晶片形成方孔陣列，形成方孔陣列不是一個(gè)通孔，而是一個(gè)方形凹槽陣列。然后去除硅片上的光刻膠。兩片晶片，涂在光致抗蝕劑的另一面，重復(fù)曝光顯影，光刻，清洗等。方槽的另一面在方槽兩側(cè)形成的陣列排列成一列。這時(shí)要求在高溫爐中需要硅模，將P型和N型半導(dǎo)體懸臂材料放在石英容器r用于高溫加熱和加熱直到熔融溫度為約650。然后，將P型熱電材料注入硅模側(cè)面上的方形槽中，并且在硅模具冷卻之后，固化了硅模，將硅模翻轉(zhuǎn)，將N型熱電材料注入到模具的另一側(cè)。再通過(guò)行硅模冷卻，熱電材料固化。結(jié)束時(shí)在硅片兩面研磨直到露出熱電偶，并按照需求的熱電偶高度，確定研磨和研磨的量經(jīng)過(guò)模具的厚度電臂和焊接層的接合，發(fā)電機(jī)切割封裝，要求得到熱電發(fā)生器。 用圖形來(lái)體現(xiàn)。整個(gè)工藝有涂膠、曝光顯影、光刻、鑄模以及鍵合封裝等工藝，主要應(yīng)用了硅模和電偶臂的制造工藝。 圖3-21pn電偶臂五、總結(jié) 船舶機(jī)艙是一個(gè)大的分布式能源系統(tǒng),作為船舶動(dòng)力核心的主機(jī),是整個(gè)能源系統(tǒng)合理分布與有效利用的關(guān)鍵。主機(jī)排氣余熱所占比例極大,而且這部分余熱的品質(zhì)較高,是船上余熱利用的主要來(lái)源。文中緊接著對(duì)該船排氣余熱的利用進(jìn)行了分析,得出了排氣余熱的熱平衡圖,并通過(guò)對(duì)余熱使用條件的分析,說(shuō)明了低品質(zhì)余熱的大量利用還存在許多困難,未來(lái)能使用這部分余熱的新型設(shè)備將會(huì)極大地提高船舶柴油機(jī)的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性。原文：Design of Waste Heat Recovery Device for Marine EngineIn todays society, waste heat has become a kind of environmental pollution and waste of resources phenomenon, this paper mainly designed the marine engine exhaust waste heat recovery device, that is, waste heat power generation system model.This paper mainly introduces the design scheme of the waste heat power generation system model. The main principle is that the thermal energy is converted into electric energy by the temperature difference between the two power generation components. The main component consists of a cold source and a heat source, a micro-generator. It is characterized by the use of convenience, high quality, harmless to the environment, while saving energy.The theoretical basis of the system model for the waste heat generator system is based on the Thomson effect.Key words: waste heat utilization, waste heat power generation model, Thomson effect1.Waste heat generation theoryAt present in the microelectronic generator research, the theory of foreign microelectronic generators is representative of Princeton University, University of Southern California and University of Michigan. Most of the research results in the United States have focused on the use of waste heat in Japans military, aerospace, practice and high-tech aspects of the application of thermoelectric generating units. Chinas current situation: thermoelectric is reversible, thermoelectric power generation and semiconductor cooling is the thermoelectric phenomenon of two aspects, mutual reversible. Usually PN junction, assuming that the temperature difference can be used to generate electricity, if the power supply, you can use cold at one end Semiconductor refrigeration and use has a certain degree, there are already commercial facilities and sale, but the thermoelectric power generation, which is almost a blank. This is because our country in the military high-tech R & D capability is relatively backward. At this stage with what kind of academic complementarity, many scholars of our foreign contact with the relevant technology, in the future development, this situation will gradually improve.Waste heat power generation is the premise of the use of waste heat generator, he is the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric materials into electricity. Including the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect and the Thomson effect. These three factors relate to Kelvin: as shown in the figure:The structure of the device is the same as that of the conventional cross-planar microelectronic cooling device. The principle of the cross-planar microelectronic cooling device is very similar to that of the conventional thermoelectric cooling device. In addition to the substrate and the thermocouple arm body being a film material, since the heat flow is guided and the surface of the substrate is so vertical So-called. The double substrate is a thermocouple connected to the cold end and the hot end of the generator. The principle is: According to the Seebeck effect, when the generator hot and cold temperature difference, the circuit will produce current. He used thick film Bi2Te3 alloy material while maintaining the thermal power arm cross-sectional area and length ratio of the same conditions, reducing the thermoelectric boom, increasing the thermal power per unit volume density. At the same time, microelectronic power generation devices connected tens of thousands of thermocouples, low voltage difference in the voltage obtained under high voltage, this micro-electric power plant is another feature of its manufacturing process combines the electrochemical deposition and integrated circuit etching process. The test device consists of 2300 thermocouples with a length of 50 m and a diameter of 6 m. In the 8.5K temperature difference, can be 4.1V voltage to provide 22mw of power. Experiments show that the above can be used for MEMS, providing micropower. At present, JPL is developing the use of P-type and N-type Bi2T3, nanowires instead of thick film alloy, with similar measures to complete the smaller size of the semiconductor electric arm.Of course, there are many structures of the generator, but the current selection of several of the above results show that micro-roll thermoelectric converter heat loss is small, high thermal efficiency, but the micro-processing more difficult. At the same time, because the thermoelectric material in the direction of temperature gradient in series, so the thermoelectric material temperature difference is not great, so the power generation is also very small. Thin film thermoelectric power generation process has been relatively mature microprocessing technology, its size is relatively small. However, the power generated by the general low power, only the micro-tile pyroelectric PN junction relative to the temperature field is a parallel structure, each pair of PN junction with the same temperature difference, so each pair of PN junction in series, the power is large, in addition, the heat source cavity It is best to design a relatively large, so that fuel combustion, temperature control and other relatively easy, but the heat loss than the micro-coil generator to large. Where the thermopile thermoelectric generator is used as an important part of the thermoelectric power supply.2. Waste heat power generation module designThermopile-type micro-electric generator mainly includes upper and lower heat shield, shunt chip, solder layer, PN junction cantilever and output lines and other components. The output power and efficiency of the microelectronic generator are affected by the contact resistance, the influence of the Thomson effect and the temperature fluctuation, and the effect of the thermal cover sheet, the baffle plate and the solder layer on the thermal conductivity.The design of the thermoelectric generator module is the structural design of the water flow channel, the air flow path and the thermoelectric power generation arm. Design the form of this module should pay attention to the maximum use of heat.The design of the waste heat generator module is usually made by the micro-roll SwissRoll, the thermopile and the thin film thermal power generation, and the comparison between the three found that the micro-roll type, although the heat loss is small, but the processing is very complicated and there is no inconvenience to use. Thin film thermal power treatment technology is relatively immature, and the power is very low, should not be tested.PN junction and the temperature field of the thermopile in parallel, each pair of PN junction temperature difference is the same, so each pair of PN junction in series, generating power larger, the final use of thermopile thermoelectric, generators as a thermal power generation components to design. In order to achieve maximum heat utilization, so I think of the double-tube thermoelectric generator and square thermoelectric generator, double-tube thermoelectric generator heat utilization than the square thermoelectric generator to be high, but its production High demand and maintenance is not convenient, square thermoelectric generator not only has a high heat utilization, and later for manufacturing convenience, easy maintenance so the final use of square thermoelectric generator.Here I am in the form of a brief introduction to the square thermoelectric generator electric arm of the specific composition:3. Waste heat generator designThe main generating units are hot cover substrate, baffle and electric arm three parts. When the temperature difference between the ends of the boom, P, N knot two different thermoelectric materials will produce Seebeck (Seebeck) effect, so the circuit current.PN electric boom thermoelectric generator between the ventilation pipe and the water pipe, PN thermocouple thermoelectric generator with electrical insulation sets, copper and PN electric discharge, hot cover 95% alumina ceramic, conductive layer material for the copper, solder The layers are 75% and 95% tin and conductive silver plastic and high temperature silver paste. Electric arm material for the Bi2Se3, thermoelectric generator arm cross-sectional size of 3mm 3mm, 16.4mm high, the pair of pairs of pairs of electricity. From the previous theoretical analysis can be seen, the choice of thermoelectric materials, the higher the quality of Baker, the better the quality.4. Waste heat generator process designThermoelectric generator electric arm cross-sectional size of most of 1mm2 or more, larger particle size, thermoelectric material cutting easier. PN junction arm placed in the array of special mold, with manual method, the total processing is relatively easy. The flow chart is shown in Figure 3-21.Is specifically described as follows:After the ceramic substrate is treated with the guide layer, the arm is subsequently produced. Because the size of the electric arm is small, the material is brittle, so here is a silicon mold process, that is, first made of a square square silicon mold array, and then into the molten thermoelectric materials, and the generator covered substrate, And then remove the original silicon mold, leaving the thermocouple arm.The detailed silicon mold process is as follows: According to the thermoelectric generator design, the photoresist exposure mask film is manufactured. Using a polished silicon wafer with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm and a size of 8. The silicon wafer was washed with a hydrofluoric acid buffer as an etching solution to remove the appearance of the silica and a layer of light was placed on the coating The thickness of the resist is about 50 microns.When the exposure is developed, the photoresist forms a square hole array on the surface of the silicon wafer, and then undergoes deep lithography, the silicon wafer forms a square hole array, and the square hole array is not a pass Hole, but a square groove array. Then remove the photoresist on the silicon chip. Two wafers, coated on the other side of the photoresist, repeat exposure development, lithography, cleaning, etc. The other side of the square The p-type and N-type semiconductor cantilever materials are required to be placed in the quartz vessel r for high temperature heating and heating until the melting temperature is about 650 C. Then, a silicon mold is required in the high temperature furnace, , The P-type thermoelectric material is injected into the square groove on the side of the silicon mold, and after the silicon mold is cooled, the silicon mold is solidified, the silicon mold is inverted, the N-type thermoelectric material is injected into the other side of the mold, Mold cooling, thermoelectric The material is cured at the end of the wafer on both sides of the grinding until the thermocouple exposed, and in accordance with the requirements of the thermocouple height, to determine the amount of grinding and grinding through the thickness of the die arm and welding layer of the junction, the generator cutting package, Device.With graphics to reflect. The entire process of coating, exposure development, lithography, casting and bonding packaging and other technology, the main application of the silicon mold and electric arm manufacturing process.5. SummaryShip cabin is a large distributed energy system, as the ship power core of the host, the entire energy system is a reasonable distribution and effective use of the key. The host exhaust heat a large proportion of waste heat, and this part of the higher quality of waste heat, is the main source of waste heat utilization on board. In this paper, the heat utilization of the exhaust heat of the ship is analyzed, and the heat balance diagram of the waste heat is obtained. Based on the analysis of the conditions of waste heat, it is shown that there are still many difficulties in the utilization of low quality waste heat. This part of the waste heat of the new equipment will greatly improve the thermal economy of marine diesel engines.共 21 頁(yè) 第 1 頁(yè)指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評(píng) 語(yǔ) 外文翻譯成績(jī)：指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行評(píng)閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的參考文獻(xiàn)；翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；譯文語(yǔ)言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。
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