虛擬語氣語法講義15if的隱含和省略以及與butfor相關(guān)虛擬語氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)- 高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí).docx

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1、高中葬語語法學(xué)習(xí)您 習(xí)講義 虛擬語氣語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義15【精講版-全國通用】 if的隱含和省略以及與but for相關(guān)虛擬語氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 虛擬條件句中if的隱含或省略 語言是靈活多變的，表達(dá)是豐富多彩的。有的時(shí)候虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)形式 也顯得非常靈活，比如就說其中的虛擬條件吧——它有時(shí)會(huì)以if從句來表 示，但有時(shí)會(huì)用某種短語來表示，比如不定式短語、分詞短語、介詞短語等 等。 i.if的隱含 I should be happy to go with you.如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。 句中的不定式短語to go with you就是表示虛擬條件的，它相當(dāng)于if I could go

2、 with youo這句話的言外之意是：可惜我不一定有機(jī)會(huì)同你一起去。 To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination,你學(xué)習(xí)更用 功些，你早就考及格了。 句中的不定式短語to have studied harder也是表示虛擬條件的，它相當(dāng)于 if you had studied hardero句子的言外之意是：可惜你當(dāng)時(shí)沒有更用功我，所 以你就沒有考及格。 Failing this time, what would you do?假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？ 句中的分詞短語failing this time表

3、示虛擬條件，相當(dāng)于if you failed this timeo其言外之意是：盡管失敗的可能性很小，但還是有可能會(huì)失敗，假若 失敗了，那怎么辦? Without your help, we couldn t have succeeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們 就不會(huì)取得成功。 句中的介詞短語without your help表示虛擬條件，相當(dāng)于if you hadn' t given us helpo其言外之意是：好在你幫助了我們，所以我們?nèi)〉昧顺晒Α? I didn' t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn' t have beli

4、eved him.我 不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。 句中的or else隱含著一個(gè)虛擬條件，它相當(dāng)于if I had known he was a cheato句子的言外之意是：當(dāng)是我竟然相信了他。 2. if的省略 在虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)可將引民虛擬條件句的連詞if省略，但此時(shí)應(yīng)用 倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, had等提到句首。如： 如果她在這里，她也同意的。 If he were here, she would agree too. —*Were she here, she would agree too. 假若明天下雨，我們只好推遲這場比賽

5、。 If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. —?Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. 要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 一Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 注意，如果條件從句的謂語為否定式，其中的否定詞no

6、t應(yīng)置于主語之 后，而不能與 were, should, had 等縮略成 Weren* t, Shouldn* t, Hadn* t 而置 于句首。 我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。 正：If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正： Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 誤： Hadn' 11 warned you, you could have been killed. 另外，有時(shí)省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助動(dòng)詞，而是實(shí)義動(dòng) 詞。如： Ha

7、d I time, I would go with you.假如我有時(shí)間，我就同你們一起去。 句中的had不是構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，而是表示“有”，如果不省略 if,其完整形式為：If I had time, I would go with you. 表示“若不是”的虛擬語氣句型 英語中有幾個(gè)表示“若不是要不是"的固定表達(dá)，它們總是用于引出虛擬 條件，句子謂語總是用虛擬語氣。這幾個(gè)句型是： 1. but for 它的意思是“要不是有......若不是因?yàn)?....."，習(xí)慣上與虛擬語氣連用。 如： The car broke down. But for that we woul

8、d have been in time.汽車出毛病 了。要不是那個(gè)我們會(huì)及時(shí)趕到的。 But for the storm, I would have been home before eight.要不是因?yàn)檫@場風(fēng) 暴，我早在8點(diǎn)鐘以前就回到家里了。 主要用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在的情況，意思也是“要不是有......”“若不是因?yàn)?....."， 相應(yīng)的主句總是用虛擬語氣。如： If it wcrcn' t for your help, I would still be homeless.若非你的幫助，我仍會(huì) 無家可歸。 If it were not for your quick play, our

9、 team would not win.若沒有你敏捷的技 巧，我們球隊(duì)是不會(huì)贏的。 3. if it had not been for 主要用于談?wù)撨^去的情況，意思也是“要不是有......”“若不是因?yàn)?....."， 相應(yīng)的主句總是用虛擬語氣。如： You wouldn' t have seen her if it hadn* t been for him.如果不是因?yàn)樗?你 就不會(huì)見到她了。 If it hadn' t been for the doctor, s care, I wouldn' t have recovered so soon.要不是醫(yī)生的照顧，我不會(huì)痊愈得這

10、么快。 說明：介詞without有時(shí)也可表示虛擬條件，意為“若不是”“要不是”，與 but for用法相同。如： Without [=But for] your help, I would have failed.要不是有你的幫助,我就 會(huì)失敗了。 但是，without也可以不表示條件，只表示“沒有"的意思。如： Without a word he left the room.沒有說一句話他離開了房間。 but for 一定要與虛擬語氣連用嗎 假若 but for 表示 if it were not for 或 if it had not been for 這樣的意思（即表 示“若

11、不是”“要不是”），它一定要與虛擬語氣連用。如: But for his pension, he would starve.要不是他有養(yǎng)老金，他就挨餓了。 But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.要不是碰到暴雨,我們還會(huì) 早些到。 But for your help we couldn'thave succeeded in the experiment.如果沒有你的 幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。 如果 but for 不是表示 if it were not for 或 if it had not been for 這樣的意思

12、， 而是構(gòu)成not for-?? but for??-這樣的搭配，或其中的but只是一個(gè)普通的轉(zhuǎn)折連 詞，其后的for也只是一個(gè)普通的介詞，此時(shí)顯然不必與虛擬語氣連用。如： I'm not afraid for me, but for the baby.我不是為我擔(dān)心，而是為寶寶擔(dān)心。 Wc don't usually accept checks, but fbr you we'll make an exception.我們通常 接受支票，但對(duì)你我們可以破例。 The sale was supposed to last fbr a week, but fbr all practical purposes it's over.減價(jià)銷售原來預(yù)料要持續(xù)一周，然而實(shí)際上現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)結(jié)束了。 You'll have your own office soon but fbr the time being you'll have to share one.你很快就有自己的辦公室了，不過暫時(shí)還得和別人合用一間。