（新課改）2020高考英語一輪復習 Unit 2 Cloning學案（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 2 Cloning (一)課前自主學習 Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．twin n．　　　 　　　 　 雙胞胎之一；孿生兒之一 adj. 成對的；成雙的 2．straightforward adj. 簡單的；直接的；坦率的 3．arbitrary adj. 任意的 4．medium n. 媒介；手段；工具 5．fate n. 命運；天命 6．cast vt. 扔；投；擲 7．conservative adj. 保守的；守舊的 8．constitution n. 憲法；章程 9．pulsory adj. 必須做的；義務的；強迫的；強制的 10．opera n. 歌??；歌劇團；歌劇院 11．chorus n. 合唱；合唱隊 12．loaf n. 一條(面包) 13．flour n. 面粉 14．impact n. 撞擊；沖擊；巨大的影響 15．feather n. 羽毛 16．turkey n. 火雞 17．hatch v. 孵出；孵卵；孵化 18．moral adj. 道德(上)的；倫理的 Ⅱ.重點單詞——————寫其形 1．exact adj. 精確的；準確的 2．obtain vt. 獲得；贏得 3．attain vt. 獲得；到達(水平、年齡、狀況等) 4．forbid vt. 禁止；不準 5．shortly adv. 立刻；不久 6．strike v. 打；撞擊；罷工 n. 罷工 7．undertake vt. 著手；從事；承擔 8．breakthrough n. 突破 9．altogether adv. 總共；完全地 10．vain adj. 虛榮的；自負的；徒勞的 11．owe vt. 欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于 12．initial adj. 最初的；開始的 13．bother vt. 打擾 vi. 操心 n. 煩擾 14．merely adv. 僅；只；不過 15．unable adj. 不能的；不會的 16．drawback n．[縱聯(lián)1] 缺點；不利條件 17．adore vt. 崇拜；愛慕；喜愛 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．differ vi.不同；相異→different adj.不同的→difference n．差異；不同 2．identical adj.同一的；一模一樣的→identity n．身份；同一性；一致 3．mercial adj.商業(yè)的；貿易的→merce n．商業(yè)；貿易 4．plicated adj.復雜的；難懂的→plicate vt.使復雜化 5．correction n．改正；糾正；修正→correct adj.正確的 v．改正 6．object vi.反對；不贊成→objection n．不贊成；反對；異議[縱聯(lián)2] 7．accumulate v．積累；聚積→accumulation n．積累；增加[縱聯(lián)3] 8．retire vi.退休；離開→retirement n．退休；引退 9．assumption n．假定；設想→assume vt.假定；設想[縱聯(lián)4] 10．regulation n．規(guī)則；規(guī)章；法規(guī)→regulate vt.調節(jié)；管理 11．popularity n．受人喜愛；流行→popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受歡迎的 12．resist vt.抵抗；對抗→resistance n．抵抗；對抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的[縱聯(lián)5] 13．decoration n．裝飾；裝修→decorate v．裝飾；裝修 14．reasonable adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的→reason n．原因；道理 縱聯(lián)1.“動詞＋副詞”合成名詞還挺多 ①drawback缺點　　　　　　　 ②breakdown崩潰；故障 ③checkout付款處 ④feedback反饋 ⑤setup計劃；組織 ⑥breakup分手；中斷 ⑦gettogether 聚會 ⑧workout 鍛煉 縱聯(lián)2.學會“反對”和“拒絕” ①object vi. 反對 ②oppose v. 反對 ③against prep.反對 ④disagree vi. 不同意 ⑤reject vt.拒絕 ⑥refuse v. 拒絕 ⑦decline v. 婉拒 縱聯(lián)3.積少成多 ①accumulate vt.& vi. 積累 ②increase vt.& vi. 增長 ③enlarge vt.& vi. 擴大；放大 ④expand vt.& vi. 擴大；膨脹 縱聯(lián)4.動詞變名詞的不規(guī)則變化 ①assume→assumption 假定 ②describe→description 描述 ③explain→explanation 解釋 ④pronounce→pronunciation 發(fā)音 縱聯(lián)5.以sist結尾的動詞你記住了嗎？ ①resist抵抗 ②insist堅持 ③persist堅持 ④assist協(xié)助 ⑤consist由……組成 單元話題——克隆 子話題　克隆技術 ①biotechnology n. 　　　　 　 生物科技 ②transplant n．&vt. 移植 ③technological adj. 技術的 ④potential adj. 潛在的 ⑤innovation n. 科技創(chuàng)新 ⑥digital adj. 數(shù)字的；數(shù)碼的 ⑦artificial adj. 人工的 ⑧intelligence n. 智能 ⑨hightech adj. 高技術的；高科技的 ⑩device n. 裝置；設備 ?appliance n. 器具；器械 ?gene n. 基因 ?beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的 ?advantage n. 優(yōu)點；優(yōu)勢 ?disadvantage n. 缺點；劣勢 ?advanced adj. 先進的 [學考對接活學活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應用 1．(2018天津高考閱讀C)With a 3D printer, a cook can print plicated? chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for 　?　 (decorate) on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly? the same，” freeing cooks to plete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table. ①寫出加彩在句中的詞性和含義：adj.復雜的 ②用decorate的適當形式填空：decoration；?？级陶Zbe decorated with意為：用……裝飾 ③exactly在句中為副詞，意為：確切地，寫出在本單元中的形容詞：exact 2．(2017北京高考閱讀C)The 　?　 (resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (決定不參加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow? parents to get an exemption (豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object? to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new 　? (regulate) for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. ①用resist的適當形式填空：resistance ②寫出加彩詞在本單元的反義詞：forbid；聯(lián)想一下，表示“禁止和禁令”的單詞還有prohibit,_ban ③object在此處為動詞，意為：反對，名詞形式為：objection ④用regulate的適當形式填空：regulations 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應用 (根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)各國對餐桌禮儀的觀點大相徑庭。(differ) Opinions_on__table_manners_differ_greatly_from_country_to_country. 2．(2016江蘇高考書面表達)人們可以在網上投票支持他們崇拜的人。(cast, adore) People_can_cast_online_votes_themselves_in_favour_of_those_they_adore. (二)課堂重點釋疑 1．object vi.反對；不贊成 n．物體；目標 [記牢] (1)object to　　　　　　　　 反對；不贊成 (2)objection n. 反對；異議；不贊成 have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 對(做)某事表示反對 raise an objection to sth. 對某事提出異議 (3)objective adj. 客觀的；無偏見的；真實的；賓格的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends. ②As far as Im concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking. ③Sometimes, some students object to the idea that English classes are taught in English. [用準]　object表示“反對”時，為不及物動詞，加賓語時需加介詞to，而oppose表示“反對”時，為及物動詞，可直接加賓語。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ④(2018江蘇高考書面表達)對于排名持客觀態(tài)度是有必要的。 It_is_necessary_to_hold_an_objective_attitude_towards_ratings. 2．forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不準 [記牢] (1)forbid doing sth.　　　　　 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 (2)forbidden adj. 禁止的；不準的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas! ②You are forbidden to_leave (leave) the room unless you apologize for what you have done. [用準]　forbid后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，但可直接跟動名詞作賓語，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有類似用法的單詞還有：allow, permit, advise等。 [寫美]　補全句子 ③我認為禁止商店和超市提供免費的塑料購物袋是必要的。 I think it necessary to forbid_shops_and_supermarkets_from_offering free plastic shopping bags. 3．owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應感謝 [記牢] owe sth. to sb.　　　　　　 把某事歸功于某人 owe it to sb. that ... 把……歸功于某人 owing to 因為；由于 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks. ②I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends. ③I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my English. [寫美]　補全句子 ④(2015江蘇高考書面表達)盡管大規(guī)模地建造了道路和高速公路，但是由于近些年來汽車數(shù)量不斷增長，所以仍然有許多改進的空間。 In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, owing_to_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years. 4．bother vt.打擾vi.操心 n．煩擾 [記牢] bother to do sth.　　　　　　　 操心/費心做某事 bother doing sth. 費心做某事 bother sb. with sth. 用某事打擾某人 bother sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①He is always bothering me to_lend_ (lend) him money. ②Dont bother to_look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day. ③Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is_bothering (bother) them. [寫美]　補全句子 ④(2016全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)我確實需要你寶貴的建議，希望不會打擾你太多。 I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping_it_wont_bother_you_much. 5．strike v．(struck, struck)打；撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報時n.罷工 [記牢] be struck by　　　　　　　　　　 被……打動/迷住了 it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… strike ... into ones heart 使……刻骨銘心 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. ②Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it. ③Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one Id strike into my heart forever. ④(2016全國卷Ⅲ)Just before September, Miller was_struck (strike) by a car and lost his right arm. [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤(2018北京高考書面表達)所有的國際學生都被我的介紹深深地迷住了。 All_the_international_students_were_deeply_struck_by_my_introduction. [詞匯過關綜合訓練]　 　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．With medical breakthrough (突破), people are living a healthier and longer life. 2．As is well known to all, there are altogether (總共) seven continents in the world. 3．Our school is a nonsmoking school.So smoking is forbidden (禁止的) here. 4．Economists are working on the assumption (假設) of an interest rate cut. 5．I think our offer is reasonable (合情理的) and realistic and you shouldnt turn it down. 6．This question is quite straightforward (簡單的), while that one is much more plicated. 7．But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks (缺點) which should not be neglected. 8．In fact, traffic rules are part of rules and regulations (規(guī)章) closely related to public order. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．Does it bother you that the man is always asking to borrow money from you? 2．In view of our long business relation, we do not object to another negotiation. 3．When climbing Mount Huang, all the tourists were_struck (strike) by its beauty. 4．Do you know any differences (differ) between British English and American English? 5．The organization could undertake to_direct (direct) the distribution of aid. 6．Our strength is from many sources, but most of all, we owe our success to the creativity of our people. 7．The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna cant resist taking (take) a closer look at them. 8．But the hardest part lay in my oral presentation from my memory — for to read from the paper was_forbidden (forbid). Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全/翻譯句子 1．他們反對坐公共汽車去那兒，因為會花費很長時間。(object) They objected_to_going_there_by_bus because it would take a long time. 2．在過去的10年中，他積累了大量的教學經驗。(accumulate) He has_accumulated_a_lot_of_teaching_experience during the past 10 years. 3．最讓他心煩的是沒人操心告訴他更改了的時間表。(bother) What upset him most was that nobody had_bothered_to_tell_him about the changed timetable. 4．我突然想起家中沒有人。(strike) It_struck__me_that_there_was_no_one_at_home. 5．他把他的成功歸功于他的努力和耐心。(owe) He_owes_his_success_to_his_hard_work_and_patience. Ⅳ.語境辨義 根據(jù)語境選出strike的詞性和詞義 (A)vt.使突然想到/想起　　　　　 (B)vt.突然襲擊 (C)vt.打動；給……以深刻印象　 (D)vt.打；敲；擊 (E)n.罷工 (F)vt.& vi.(鐘)報時 1．Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeares writing remains powerful and true.__C__ 2．It struck me that we might have made a wrong decision.__A__ 3．I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.__F__ 4．A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.__B__ 5．Youd better strike while the iron is hot.__D__ 6．The key reason for the black peoples strike was their poor living and working conditions.__E__ (一)課前自主學習 1．object_to　　　　　　　　　 反對；不贊成 [串記1] 得到好結果；取得成功；償清 [串記2] 白費力氣；枉費心機 4．in_favour_of 贊成；支持 5．from_time_to_time 不時；偶爾 6．bring_back_to_life 使復生；使復活 7．cast_down 使失望；使沮喪 8．(be)_bound_to_(do)_．.. 一定或注定(做)…… 9．strike_..._into_ones_heart 使……刻骨銘心 10．in_good/poor_condition 狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞) [同根短語串記] 串記1.“v.＋off”短語薈萃 ①pay off償清；取得成功　　　 ②cut off切斷 ③take off脫下；起飛 ④turn off關閉 ⑤put off推遲 ⑥move off啟動；離開 ⑦give off發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等) ⑧fall off下降；跌落 ⑨show off炫耀；賣弄 ⑩call off取消 ?go off離開；變質 ?leave off停止 串記2.“in＋名詞”短語小聚 ①in vain白費力氣 ②in relief如釋重負地 ③in short總之；簡言之 ④in trouble陷入麻煩 ⑤in need在困難中；急需 ⑥in danger在危險中 ⑦in advance事先；提前 ⑧in order秩序井然 1．in their research procedure 在他們的研究步驟中 2．raise a storm of objections 引起了一陣強烈的反對 3．have a great impact on 對……產生了巨大的影響 4．either ... or ... 既……又…… 5．pass on 傳給 6．lead ... life 過……的生活 7．the chance of ……的可能性 8．opened everybodys eyes 打開了人們的眼界 1．Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very plicated. 克隆植物簡單，而克隆動物非常復雜。 2．Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。 3．What do_you_think is the writers point of view in this reading passage? 你認為在這篇閱讀材料中作者的觀點是什么？ 4．Diversity in a group means having animals with_their_genes_arranged_in_different_ways. 種群多樣性是指種群中動物的基因以不同的方式排列。 5．The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die ... 其優(yōu)點是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死掉…… [學考對接活學活用] 高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(詞匯替換/補全句子) 1．(2017天津高考完形填空)Influenced by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals project. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise D|S50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. (用本單元短語替換加彩部分) in_favour_of 2．(2014天津高考完形填空)My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the experience has really taught me. Sacrifices pay_off (取得好結果) in the end. 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語和句式(翻譯句子) 1．(2018北京高考書面表達)在中國，你一定會有一次難忘且有收獲的經歷。(be bound to) _You_are_bound_to_have_an_unforgettable_and_rewarding_experience_in_China. 2．(2016浙江高考書面表達)計劃的好處在于它詳細地告訴我們如何做我們想做的事情。(that引導的表語從句) The advantage of planning is that it tells us in detail how we do what we want to do. 3．(2018北京高考書面表達)很快，茶室變得熱鬧起來，每個國際學生都想自己泡茶。(with復合結構) Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_trying_to_make_their_own_tea. (二)課堂重點釋疑 [短語集釋] 1．pay off得到好結果；取得成功；償清 [記牢] pay for　　　　　　　　　 付錢；為……付出代價 pay a visit to 參觀；拜訪 pay attention to 注意；留心 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again? ②Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether acmodation is included. ③In my opinion, cloning will pay off sooner or later on condition that we undertake to use it properly. [用準]　pay off表示“得到好結果；取得成功”時是不及物動詞短語，不用于被動語態(tài)。 [寫美]　補全句子 ④正如諺語所說，有志者事竟成。我們的努力早晚會得到回報。 As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. Our efforts will pay off sooner or later. 2．in good/poor condition狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞) [記牢] out of condition　　　　　 健康狀況欠佳 on no condition 一點也不；決不(放在句首時，用部分倒裝語序) on condition that ... 在……條件下；倘若 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition. ②They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. ③He said he was out of condition and was unable to take part in the sports meeting. 補全句子 ④The teacher always warns us, “On no condition can_we_give_up our dreams.” 老師總是告誡我們：“我們絕不能放棄我們的夢想?！? [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤(2018江蘇高考書面表達)只要我們恰當使用這些排名(ratings)，它們在很多方面對我們是有利的。 On_condition_that_we_use_these_ratings_properly,_they_will_benefit_us_in_many_ways. [句式集釋] that引導的表語從句 [教材原句]　The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. [悟拓展例句] (1)The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please others. (2)(2018江蘇高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. (3)(2018全國卷Ⅰ)But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home. (4)(2018北京高考)This is what my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best. [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)that引導表語從句時，that在句中無詞義，但通常不能省略。 (2)除了經常考查that引導的表語從句外，what，where, how, why, because引導的表語從句也是考查的重點。做這一類題目的關鍵點在于理清句子的邏輯關系和句意。 注意事項 另外，that還可以引導主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句等。如：(2018全國卷Ⅰ)Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. [背寫作佳句] (1)(2018北京高考書面表達)The reason why I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you is that the university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.(要點句) (2)(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)I have the confidence that you will have a great time. (總結句) [詞塊、句式過關綜合訓練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 in good condition， be bound to， pay off， cast down， in vain， in favour of， bring back to life， from time to time， strike ...into ones heart， object to 1．I feel stressed from_time_to_time. Could you offer me some suggestions? 2．To avoid accidents, its important to check that all your tools are in_good_condition before starting. 3．Dont let yourself be cast_down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again. 4．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought_back_to_life after death. 5．Keep on working hard like this, and your research is_bound_to obtain great success. 6．The athletes years of hard training paid_off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 7．Mount Tai struck its beauty into_her_heart and she decided to visit it again the next year. 8．All efforts will be in_vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly. 9．There were 16 votes in_favour_of my suggestion, and 15 against it. 10．She made it clear that she objected_to the proposal, for it was useless and unrealistic. Ⅱ.句型轉換/補全句子 1．I have lost his address, and it is a trouble. →The trouble is that_I_have_lost_his_address. 2．He wants to study abroad. His parents prefer him to stay at home. →He wants to study abroad while his parents prefer him to stay at home. 3．Many people are going to help us, and we are sure to finish it in time. →With so many people to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time. 4．The teacher came in and then the lesson began. → In_came the teacher and the lesson began. 5．你認為上面哪件事是最有趣的？ Which of the events above do_you_think will be the funniest? Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。 Walking up to the ringing phone, I looked at my clock. Midnight. Panicky thoughts filled my sleepy mind as I grabbed the receiver. “Hello？” My heart pounded. “Mama？” The voice answered. My thoughts immediately went to my_daughter. When I heard the sound of a young crying_voice,_I grabbed my_husband. “Mama, I know its late. But dont say anything until I finish. And before you ask, yes, Ive been drinking. I nearly ran off the road a few miles back and ...” I took a sharp breath,_released my husband, and pressed my hand against my forehead (額頭). Something wasnt right. “ And I got so scared. I want to e home. I know running away was wrong. I should have called you days ago but I was afraid ... ” I tried to talk: “I think ...” “No! Please let me finish！” She said, desperately. Before I could go on, she continued. “Im pregnant (懷孕的), Mama. I know I shouldnt be drinking ... but Im scared, Mama.” I bit into my lip (嘴唇), feeling my eyes filled with tears. My husband left the room, and returned seconds later with a cellphone against his ear. She asked, “Are you still there? Please dont hang up on me! I feel so lonely.” I held the phone. “Im here. I wouldnt hang up，” I said. “I should have told you, Mama. But when we talk, you just keep telling me what I should do. You read all those pamphlets (手冊) on how to talk to kids,_but all you do is talk. You dont listen to me. Because youre my mother,_you think you have all the answers. But sometimes I dont need answers. I just want someone to listen.” I stared at the howtotalktoyourkids pamphlets on my nightstand (床頭柜)．“ Im listening，” I whispered. Then she said she had called a taxi. When the taxi arrived, she hung up. 注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右； 2．至少使用5個短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語； 3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好； 4．續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。 Paragraph 1： I went to my 16yearold daughters room.　 　 　 Paragraph 2： I looked at our sleeping daughter.　 　 　 [寫作步驟] 第一步：速讀全文 文本大意：作者接到了一個電話，電話中的女孩錯把作者當成自己的媽媽，女孩跟作者說的一些話觸動了作者的心靈。 敘述意圖：文章告訴我們要學會傾聽。 第二步：細讀全文 1．所給短文情景模式分析。 who I, a young girl, my daughter, my husband what A young girl mistook the author for her mother and called to tell the author to learn to listen to her. when midnight where at home why The girl ran away from home and felt lonely. She wanted her mother to listen to her. 2．對原文所提供的下劃線詞語