2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)閱讀專練 熱點(diǎn)58 黑子與日冕等太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)(學(xué)生版+解析版).docx

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1、2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)閱讀專練 熱點(diǎn)58黑子與日冕等太陽(yáng)活動(dòng) 一、閱讀理解1 Thetemperatureofthesunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore（核心）.Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesth

2、at,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved. Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneand

3、finallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins. Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbesee

4、nduringaneclipse（日食）suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglare（刺眼的強(qiáng)光）ofthesun'srays. Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.

5、Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike（一束束穗狀）raysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator. Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespace

6、aroundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheearth,theyareweakandinvisible. 1. Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun's. A. sizeB.ageC.locationD.temperature 2. Withwhattopicisthesecondparagraphmainlyconcerned? A. Howthesunevolved. B. Thestructureofthesun. 2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)閱

7、讀專練 熱點(diǎn)58黑子與日冕等太陽(yáng)活動(dòng) 一、閱讀理解1 Thetemperatureofthesunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore（核心）.Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitetheh

8、ightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved. Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore

9、.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins. Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclip

10、se（日食）suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglare（刺眼的強(qiáng)光）ofthesun'srays. Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona'sray

11、sflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike（一束束穗狀）raysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator. Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplane

12、ts.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheearth,theyareweakandinvisible. 1. Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun's. A. sizeB.agelocationD.temperature 2. Withwhattopicisthesecondparagraphmainlyconcerned? A. Howthesunevolved. B. Thestructureofthesun. C. Whyscientistsstudythesun.

13、D. Thedistanceofthesunfromtheplanets. 3. Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe. A. coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core 4. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusseswhichofthefollowing? A. Theremaininglayersofthesun. B. Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform. C. Theec

14、lipseofFebruary1979. D. Scientistswillcostmoremoneyonresearchingthecorona. 【答案】DBDA 【解析】本文主要介紹了太陽(yáng)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，包括太陽(yáng)的環(huán)境和結(jié)構(gòu)等等。 1. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas可知太陽(yáng)比地球熱得多所以物質(zhì)只能以氣體的形式存在，故選D。 2. B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.可

15、知第二段主要講的是太陽(yáng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選BD2田節(jié)理命牟題。木艮據(jù)thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.可知核心core不屬于太陽(yáng)的大氣的部分，故選D。 3. A推理判斷題。本文主要講的是太陽(yáng)被分成了五層，介紹了其中的幾層，所以接下去的段落最有可能是討論太陽(yáng)的剩余的層。故選A。 2 Ifyourcellphonesuddenlystopsworking,don'tblamethe

16、serviceprovider.Themalfunction（故障）mighthavebeencausedbysomethingbigger—asolarstorm.Expertsexpectthattheearthwillseemoresolaractivitiesinthenearfuture.Themalfunctionofelectronicdevicesisjustoneoftheeffects. Sunspots（太K日黑子）serveasanindicator（標(biāo)志）ofthesun'sactivity.Forthepasttwoyears,sunspotshavemostly

17、beenmissing.Theirabsence,thelongestinnearly100years,hastakenevensunwatchersbysurprise. Whenthenumberofsunspotsdropsattheendofeach11-yearcycle,solarstormsdiedownandallbecomemuchcalmer.This"solarminimum"doesn't'tlastlong.Withinayear,sunspotsandsolarstormsbegintobuildtowardanewcrescendo—thenextsolarma

18、ximum. What'sspecialaboutthislatestcycleisthatthesunishavingtroublestartingthenextsolarcycle.Thesunbegantocalmdowninlate2007,sonooneexpectedmanysunspotsin2008.Theyshouldreturnin2010.Scientistshavepredictedthatthenextsolarcyclecouldbethemostactiveonrecord:moresunspotsandmoresolarstorms.However,sunsp

19、otsaremostlymissingnow Sincetheearthisinclosecontactwiththesun,strongsolaractivitiescanbringtroubletoourlife.Peopleofthe21stcenturyrelyonhigh-techsystemsforthebasicsofdailylife.Airtravelandradiocommunicationscanbeaffectedbystrongsolaractivities.Abigsolarstormcouldcause20timesmoreeconomicdamagethanH

20、urricaneKatrina. Whatthesunwilldonextisbeyondourabilitytopredict.Mostastronomersthinkthatthesolarcyclewillgoonbutatlowlevel.However,thereisalsoevidencethatthesunislosingitsabilitytoproducesunspots.By2015,theycouldbegonealtogether. 4. Thesunwatchersfeelsurprisedatthelongestsunspots1absenceB.thelarg

21、estsunspotnumber C.themalfunctionofelectronicdevicesD.theseriousdamagebysunspotsWhatdoestheunderlinedword“crescendo”inParagraph3mostprobablymean? A.smallnumberB.highlevelC.usualcycleD.freshstart 5. Whichstatementdoesthetextleadyoutobelieve? A. SolaractivitiesdonoharmtoourdailylifeHurricaneKatrin

22、aisalsoatypeofsolarstorms B. It'sdifficulttopredictsunspots. C. Fromnowonthere'renosunspots. 【答案】ABC 【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了與太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期、太陽(yáng)黑子與其對(duì)人類影響等相關(guān)知識(shí)。 5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Forthepasttwoyears,sunspotshavemostlybeenmissing.Theirabsence,thelongestinnearly100years,hastakenevensunwatchersbysurprise』在過(guò)去的兩年里，太陽(yáng)黑子大部

23、分都消失To這是近100年來(lái)太陽(yáng)消失時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的一次，連太陽(yáng)觀測(cè)者都感到意外）”可知，太陽(yáng)觀測(cè)者感到意外的是太陽(yáng)黑子長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的消失。故選A項(xiàng)。 6. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)三第自然段"Withinayear,sunspotsandsolarstormsbegintobuildtowardanewcrescendo—thenextsolarmaximum.（在一年之內(nèi)，太陽(yáng)黑子和太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴開(kāi)始形成一個(gè)新的crescendo下一 個(gè)高峰期）”中破折號(hào)（表解釋說(shuō)明）可知，thenextsolarmaximum（下一個(gè)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)高峰期）是對(duì)crescendo的解釋，所以crescendo就是指“高峰期，頂點(diǎn)”。

24、故選B項(xiàng)。 7. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六自然段中"Whatthesunw川donextisbeyondourabilitytopredict.（太陽(yáng)接下來(lái)要做什么超出了我們的預(yù)測(cè)能力）”和下文天文學(xué)家對(duì)solarcycle的不同預(yù)測(cè)可推知，太陽(yáng)黑子是很難預(yù)測(cè)的。故選C項(xiàng)。 3 ScientistswhostudytheSunwatchforsunspots一violentstormsthatcanaffectcommunications,navigationsystemsandevenelectricpowerstationsontheEarth. Sunspotsareaproduct

25、ofhugeelectromagneticstormsontheSun.ScientistsontheEarthareabletoobservesunspotseightminutesaftertheyhappen.ThatishowlongittakesfbrtheSun'slighttoreachus. Thefirstelectricallychargedparticles（顆粒）fromasunspotentertheEarth'satmosphereabout20to30minutesafterthestormhappens.Theseparticlescanharmhumanbe

26、ings.Sobeforetheyarrive,astronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialareasdesignedtoprotectthemfromtheireffects. Aboutadayortwolater,thebiggestpartofthestormarrives.Itiscalledacoronalmassejection."ThatisbillionsoftonsofsolarmaterialthafsblownawayfromtheSun.It'stravelingmillionsofkilometer

27、sanhour,butthatisrelativelyslow."saysAlexYoung,theAssociateDirectorforScienceatNASA'sHeliophysicsScienceDivision. SeveralciviliangovernmentagenciesandtheU.S.AirForcewatchweatherconditionsinspace24hoursaday.NASAdoessobecauseitmustprotectitsastronautsandtheelectronicdevicesonitsspacecraft. Scientist

28、sarealsotryingtounderstandwhythenumberofsunspotsrisesandfallsatalmostregularintervalsevery11years.Inotherwords,scientistscanalmostpredicttheamountofsolaractivity.Sometimestheintensity（弓雖度）ishigher,sometimeslower,Forexample,thecurrentsolarcycle,asitiscalled,ismuchlowerthanthepreviousone. Severalsate

29、lliteswatchtheSunandtheenvironmentbetweentheSunandthoEarth.PicturesandotherinformationfromthesatellitestellscientistswhatishappeningonandneartheSun. AlexYoungsayswehaveonlybeenlookingattheSunwithpowerfulinstrumentsforabout30to40years.Thatisaveryshorttimecomparedtothefourbillionyearsthatthestarhasbe

30、enshining. 8. WhydoastronautsonInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialarea? D. Toprotectdevicesonthespacecraft. 10. WhatenablesscientiststowatchtheSun? A.Theroleofsatellites. 11. Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout? C. Communicationontheearth. 【答案】ACCB 【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)及其對(duì)地球的影響。 6. 細(xì)

31、節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知，太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出的帶電蜘粒,對(duì)人類有危害，由本段中的“Sobeforetheyarrive,astronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialareasdesignedtoprotectthemfromtheireffects.所以在他們到達(dá)之前，國(guó)際空間站的宇航員會(huì)進(jìn)入特殊區(qū)域，以保護(hù)他們免受影響。可知，為了讓宇航員免受帶電粒子之苦，國(guó)際空間站的宇航員會(huì)進(jìn)入特殊區(qū)域。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。 7. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中倒數(shù)第三段第一句Scientistsarealsotryingtounderstandw

32、hythenumberofsunspotsrisesandfallsatalmostregularintervalsevery11years.科學(xué)家們也在試圖了解為什么太陽(yáng)黑子的數(shù)量幾乎每11年會(huì)有定期的升降。可知，太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)周期是11年，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。 8. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的第一句AlexYoungsayswehaveonlybeenlookingattheSunwithpowerfulinstrumentsforabout30to40years.AlexYoung說(shuō)我們用強(qiáng)大的儀器，觀測(cè)太陽(yáng)已經(jīng)有30到40年了?？芍茖W(xué)家們利用功能強(qiáng)大的儀器設(shè)備觀測(cè)太陽(yáng)，選項(xiàng)

33、C符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。 9. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)完整第一段"ScientistswhostudytheSunwatchforsunspots一violentstormsthatcanaffectcommunications,navigationsystemsandevenelectricpowerstationsontheEarth.”及全文內(nèi)容可矢口，本文主要介紹的有關(guān)太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。 Marswasoncewet,withanocean'sworthofwateronitssurface.Today,mostofMarsisasdryasadeserte

34、xceptforicedepositsinitspolarregions.Wheredidtherestofthewatergo? Someofitdisappearedintospace.Watermolecules,beatenbyparticlesofsolarwind,brokeapartintohydrogenandoxygenatoms,andthose,especiallythelighterhydrogenatoms,spedoutoftheatmosphere,losttoouterspace. Butmostofthewater,anewstudyconcludes,w

35、entdown,suckedintotheredplanet'srocks.Andthereitremains,trappedwithinmineralsandsalts.Indeed,asmuchas99%ofthewaterthatonceflowedonMarscouldstillbethere,theresearchersestimatedinapaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalScience.BethanyEhlmann,aprofessorofplanetaryscienceattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologya

36、ndoneoftheauthorsofthepaper,saidthatastherocksarealteredbyliquidwater,watermoleculesbecomeincorporated（并入）intomineralslikeclays. ThedataandsimulationsindicatedthatthewateronMarswasalmostallgoneby3billionyearsago,aroundthetuneonEarthwhenlifeconsistedofsingle-cellmicrobesintheoceans.Withoutatimemachi

37、ne,thereisnowaytoobservedirectlyhowmuchwaterwasonayoungerMarsmorethan3billionyearsago.ButthehydrogenatomsfloatingtodayintheatmosphereofMarspreserveaghostlyhintoftheancientocean. OnEarth,about1in5,000hydrogenatomsisaversionknownasdeuterium（重氫;氫的同位素）thatistwiceasheavybecauseitsnucleuscontainsbothaneu

38、tronandaproton.ButonMars,theconcentrationofdeuteriumismarkedlyhigher,about1in700.ScientistsattheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenterwhoreportedthisfindingin2015saidthiscouldbeusedtocalculatetheamountofwaterMarsoncehad. 10. Whycan*twaterbefoundonMarsnowexceptforicedepositsinpolarregions? A. Becauseitwastra

39、nsformedintodeuterium. B. Becauseitwasbeatenintoparticlesbysolarwind. C. Becausemostofitwasintegratedandsomedisappeared. D. Becauseitbrokedownintohydrogenandoxygenatoms. 11. Whatisimpliedaboutdeuteriuminthelastparagraph? A. Itistwicetheweightofhydrogen. B. Itsnucleuscontainsaneutronandaproton.

40、 C. ItsconcentrationonEarthismarkedlyhigherthanonMarsItenlightensscientistsonthemeasurementofwateronMars. 12. Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythisarticleappear? A. Science.B.Travel.C.Entertainment.D.Education. 13. Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A. Mars:OnceWet,NowDryAtoms:HydrogenorDeuterium?

41、 B. Microbes:Single-cellorMulti-cell? C. WaterVanished:ThisMightBeWhereItWent 【答案】CDAD 【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了火星上消失的水一部分可能消失了，大部分可能沉入了火星的紅色巖石中。 12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Someofitdisappearedintospace.（一些水消失在太空中。）”和第三段"Butmostofthewater,anewstudyconcludes,wentdown,suckedintotheredplanetsrocks.（但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，大部分的水都沉入了

42、火星的巖石中。）”可知原因是一部分消失了，大部分集合在巖石中。故選C。 13. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"ScientistsattheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenterwhoreportedthisfindingin2015saidthiscouldbeusedtocalculatetheamountofwaterMarsoncehad.（美國(guó)宇航局戈達(dá)德太空飛行中心的科學(xué)家在2015年報(bào)告了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，稱這可以用來(lái)計(jì)算火星曾經(jīng)擁有的水的數(shù)量。）”可知，寬激發(fā)了科學(xué)家關(guān)于火星的水的測(cè)量。故選D。 14. 推理判斷題。閱讀可知這是一篇科普類說(shuō)明文，因此推測(cè)可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙

43、的科學(xué)板塊。故選A。 15. 主旨大意題。通讀全文以及根據(jù)第三段"Butmostofthewater,anewstudyconcludes,wentdown,suckedintotheredplanet'srocks.（但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，大部分的水都沉入了火星的巖石中。）”可知，本文主要講述了火星消失的水可能在哪里，ABC三個(gè)選項(xiàng)太片面。故選D。 5 The2012LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorm

44、s. AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2012,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon. NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolar

45、stormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon. "TheSun'sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites/saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephy

46、sicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire. Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections（日冕物質(zhì)拋射）occurintheSurfsatmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter."Acoronalmassejectioncancarrya billiontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometresperho

47、ur.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications/ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots. NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycall

48、edtheSolarDynamicsObservatory（SDO）,whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable. TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares（太K日耀斑）andexplosionsastheyoccur. ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'sdirector,

49、saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth"Ifwehaveadvancewarning,wellbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon'twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'scausedtheproblem/*hesaid. 16. Thephrase"communicationsblackout1'inp

50、aragraph1mostprobablyreferstoduringthe2012Olympics. A. theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchthecollapseofbroadcastingsystems B. thetransportationbreakdowninLondonthedestructionofweathersatellites 17. Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage? A. Themostfatalmatterfromthecoronafalls

51、ontoEarth. B. Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle. C. IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth. D. Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections. 18. Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto. A.takeimagesofthesolarsystemB.provideearlywarningofthunderstormsC.

52、keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD.improvethecommunicationsonEarth 19. Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage? A. SolarStorms:AnInvisibleKillerSolarStorms:EarthEnvironmentinDanger B. SolarStorms:ThreateningtheHumanRaceSolarStorms:HumanActivitiestoBeTroubled 【答案】BDCD 【解析】略6 TheUnitedStates

53、spaceagencywillsendaspacecrafttoexplorethesunmorecloselythaneverbeforeonSaturday.NASA'SParkerSolarProbe（探測(cè)器）willflythroughthehotsolaratmosphereandcomewithinjust6millionkilometersofthesun'ssurface. TheParkerProbewillgetalmostseventimesclosertothesunthanearlierspacecraft.Todothis,itwillflypastVenus（金

54、星）seventimesoversevenyears.Eachpasswillchangetheprobe'sorbitbyprovidingagravitypush.Itwillmoveeverclosertothesunandstraightintothecorona（日冕）,thesun'soutermostatmosphere. Byexploringthesun'scorona,scientistshopetolearnwhyitishundredsoftimeshotterthanthesun'ssurface.Theywillalsostudywhatdrivesthesola

55、rwind. Theprojectwasproposedin1958,thesameyearNASAwasestablished.Now,"it'sbecomingareality,"saidprojectmanagerAndyDriesman. TheParkerspacecrafthasa2.4meterheatshield（護(hù)罩）thatis11centimetersthick.Itismadeoftwocarbonsheets.Thefronthasawhitecoatingtoreflectsunlight.Itisexpectedtoshineredwhenitexperien

56、cestheextremesolarheat.Almosteverythingonthespacecraftwillbebehindthisshieldtokeepitsscientificinstrumentsrelativelycool. Besides,thespacecraftwillalsobetravelingatahighspeed.Theprobewillreach690,000kilometersperhourinthecorona.ThespacecraftwillmakeitsfirstflightpastVenusinearlyOctober.Itsfirstpass

57、bythesunisexpectedinNovember. TheParkerSolarProbeisthefirstNASAspacecrafttobenamedaftersomeonewhoisstillalive.EugeneParkerisa91-year-oldprofessorattheUniversityofChicago.Hepredictedtheexistenceofsolarwind60yearsago.HeplanstobeatCapeCanaveralAirForceStationinthesouthernstateofFloridatoseethelaunch.

58、 20. What'stheadvantageoftheParkerProbecomparedtotheearlierones? A. Itcanchangetheorbitbyflyingpastthesun. B. Itcangetclosertothesunandintothecorona. C. Itcanstudytheeffectofsolarwind. D. Itcanflythroughthehotsolaratmospherewithoutprotection. 21. Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A. Humanhadlit

59、tleachievementsinexploringthesun. B. EugeneParkeristhefirstonetostudythesun. C. TheParkerProbehastogetclosetothesunwiththehelpofVenus. D. Humancangetclosetothesun*ssurfacewithin6millionkilometerstoday. 22. WhatcanwelearnaboutEugeneParker? A.HestartedNASA.B.Heforesawthesolarwindwhenhewas31. C.

60、HedesignedtheParkerspacecraft. D. HewillstudythesunusingtheParkerspacecraft. 23. Judgingfromthecontent,thepassagemostprobablybelongsto. A.astorybookB.anadvertisementC.asciencefictionD.anewsreport 【答案】BCBD 【解析】這是一則新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了美國(guó)航天局將發(fā)射一艘宇宙飛船，比以往任何時(shí)候都更近距離地探索太陽(yáng)。該飛船被命名為帕克太陽(yáng)探測(cè)器，將穿越炎熱的太陽(yáng)大氣和僅僅600萬(wàn)公里的太陽(yáng)表面

61、。 20. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的TheParkerProbewillgetalmostseventimesclosertothesunthanearlierspacecraft.帕克探測(cè)器將比早期航天器接近太陽(yáng)近7倍。可知，和之前的探測(cè)器相比，帕克探測(cè)器更接近于太陽(yáng)。故選B。 21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Todothis,itwillflypastVenus（金星）seventimesoversevenyears.Eachpasswillchangetheprobe*sorbitbyprovidingagravitypush.Itwillmoveeverclosertothesun

62、andstraightintothecorona（H冕）.為了做到這一點(diǎn)，它將在7年中飛過(guò)金星7次。每次通過(guò)都會(huì)提供重力推動(dòng)，改變探測(cè)器的軌道。它會(huì)越來(lái)越靠近太陽(yáng)，直接進(jìn)入日冕。可知，飛船要接近太陽(yáng)必須依靠進(jìn)行提供的動(dòng)力，即帕克探測(cè)器必須在金星的幫助下接近太陽(yáng)。故選C。 22. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EugeneParkerisa91-year-oldprofessorattheUniversityofChicago.Hepredictedtheexistenceofsolarwind60yearsago.尤金?帕克是芝加哥大學(xué)91歲的教授。他在60年前就預(yù)言了太陽(yáng)風(fēng)的存C.Whyscientis

63、tsstudythesun. D.Thedistanceofthesunfromtheplanets. 3. Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe. A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core 4. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusseswhichofthefollowing? A. Theremaininglayersofthesun. B. Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentf

64、orm. C. TheeclipseofFebruary1979. D. Scientistswillcostmoremoneyonresearchingthecorona. 2 Ifyourcellphonesuddenlystopsworking,don'tblametheserviceprovider.Themalfunction（故障）mighthavebeencausedbysomethingbigger—asolarstorm.Expertsexpectthattheearthwillseemoresolaractivitiesinthenearfuture.Themalf

65、unctionofelectronicdevicesisjustoneoftheeffects. Sunspots（太陽(yáng)黑子）serveasanindicator（標(biāo)志）ofthesun'sactivity.Forthepasttwoyears,sunspotshavemostlybeenmissing.Theirabsence,thelongestinnearly100years,hastakenevensunwatchersbysurprise. Whenthenumberofsunspotsdropsattheendofeach11-yearcycle,solarstormsdied

66、ownandallbecomemuchcalmer.This"solarminimumndoesn't'tlastlong.Withinayear,sunspotsandsolarstormsbegintobuildtowardanewcrescendo—thenextsolarmaximum. What'sspecialaboutthislatestcycleisthatthesunishavingtroublestartingthenextsolarcycle.Thesunbegantocalmdowninlate2007,sonooneexpectedmanysunspotsin2008.Theyshouldreturnin2010.Scientistshavepredictedthatthenextsolarcyclecouldbethemostactiveonrecord:moresunspotsandmoresolarstorms.However,sunspotsaremostlymissingnow Sincetheearthisinclosecontactwitht