高考英語 專題解析基礎(chǔ)寫作 正反論證課件

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1、相關(guān)短語相關(guān)短語1. the minority/majority of. 少數(shù)少數(shù)/大多數(shù)大多數(shù)2. traffic safety 交通安全交通安全3. disapprove of 不同意；不贊成不同意；不贊成4. persuade sb. not to do. 說服某人不做說服某人不做5. follow the advice 聽從勸告聽從勸告6. as far as I am concerned 就我所知就我所知7. carry out 實(shí)施實(shí)施8. think highly of 高度評(píng)價(jià)高度評(píng)價(jià)9. a good solution to. 一個(gè)做一個(gè)做的解決的解決好辦法好辦法10. in

2、 addition 此外此外11. become more rebellious 變得更加叛變得更加叛逆逆12. from my perspective 在我看來在我看來13. be suitable for 適合適合14. have a heated discussion 進(jìn)行一次熱進(jìn)行一次熱烈的討論烈的討論15. provide a stage for sb. 給某人提供一給某人提供一個(gè)舞臺(tái)個(gè)舞臺(tái)16. draw the conclusion that. 得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論17. key to success 成功的秘訣成功的秘訣18. focus more on. 更加關(guān)注更加關(guān)注相關(guān)句式

3、相關(guān)句式1. Recently we have had a discussion about whether parents should accompany their children at school. 最最近我們討論了父母是否該在學(xué)校陪讀。近我們討論了父母是否該在學(xué)校陪讀。2. Nearly 70% of us disagree because they think it makes them fall into the habit of dependence.我們中有將近我們中有將近70%的人不贊同的人不贊同,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這會(huì)使他們養(yǎng)因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這會(huì)使他們養(yǎng)成依賴性。成依賴性。3.

4、 While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary for our parents to accompany us.而我的同學(xué)中大約而我的同學(xué)中大約30%的人認(rèn)為父母有的人認(rèn)為父母有必要陪讀。必要陪讀。4. Some people say yes, who think that the Internet helps make friends on line. 有些人有些人同意同意, 他們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于網(wǎng)上交友。他們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于網(wǎng)上交友。5. My opinion is that students should place their

5、study, health and safety before other things.我的意見是學(xué)生應(yīng)我的意見是學(xué)生應(yīng)該把學(xué)習(xí)、健康、和安全放在其他事該把學(xué)習(xí)、健康、和安全放在其他事情之前。情之前。1. 基礎(chǔ)寫作是根據(jù)所給的內(nèi)容組織成文基礎(chǔ)寫作是根據(jù)所給的內(nèi)容組織成文, 不是自由發(fā)揮。部分考生喜歡在文章中使不是自由發(fā)揮。部分考生喜歡在文章中使用用 “Every coin has two sides”過渡過渡, 但是但是這個(gè)句子并不包含任何信息點(diǎn)這個(gè)句子并不包含任何信息點(diǎn), 不適合在不適合在基礎(chǔ)寫作中使用?；A(chǔ)寫作中使用。2. 正反論證的議論文要注意使用轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)正反論證的議論文要注意使用轉(zhuǎn)折

6、和對(duì)比的詞比的詞, 如如however, in contrast, compared with等。等。3. 如果文章最后要求考生發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn)如果文章最后要求考生發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn), 考考生不能簡(jiǎn)單地說生不能簡(jiǎn)單地說I agree with.或者或者I disagree with., 而是要言之有物而是要言之有物, 有理有據(jù)。有理有據(jù)。你班同學(xué)開展了一場(chǎng)你班同學(xué)開展了一場(chǎng)“司機(jī)醉駕是否應(yīng)該處罰乘客司機(jī)醉駕是否應(yīng)該處罰乘客”的討論。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息的討論。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息, 給報(bào)社寫一封信給報(bào)社寫一封信, 介紹討論的情況介紹討論的情況, 并發(fā)表你的看法。并發(fā)表你的看法。寫作內(nèi)容寫作內(nèi)容少數(shù)同

7、學(xué)贊成處罰乘客少數(shù)同學(xué)贊成處罰乘客大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對(duì)處罰乘客大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對(duì)處罰乘客1. 減少交通事故減少交通事故,促進(jìn)促進(jìn)交通安全交通安全2. 不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車,不僅是對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)不僅是對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé), 也也是對(duì)司機(jī)和路人負(fù)責(zé)是對(duì)司機(jī)和路人負(fù)責(zé)1. 乘客難以判斷司機(jī)是否乘客難以判斷司機(jī)是否醉酒醉酒2. 即使乘客知道司機(jī)飲即使乘客知道司機(jī)飲酒酒, 如果司機(jī)不聽從乘客的如果司機(jī)不聽從乘客的勸誡勸誡, 處罰乘客是不公平的處罰乘客是不公平的你的看法：你的看法：例題導(dǎo)寫例題導(dǎo)寫1. 確定文體結(jié)構(gòu)。本文是正反論證確定文體結(jié)構(gòu)。本文是正反論證, 因此正反觀點(diǎn)之間因此正反觀點(diǎn)之間的論證應(yīng)該是屬于并列

8、關(guān)系的論證應(yīng)該是屬于并列關(guān)系, 而雙方觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)和分論而雙方觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)則為總分關(guān)系。而最后，考題要求考生寫出自己的點(diǎn)則為總分關(guān)系。而最后，考題要求考生寫出自己的觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn), 這個(gè)屬于對(duì)全文的總結(jié)。因此這個(gè)屬于對(duì)全文的總結(jié)。因此, 文章的信息點(diǎn)劃文章的信息點(diǎn)劃分非常明確分非常明確, 正反觀點(diǎn)各占兩個(gè)句子正反觀點(diǎn)各占兩個(gè)句子, 考生的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該考生的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該為最后一個(gè)句子?？忌梢圆捎脙煞N方法使自己的觀為最后一個(gè)句子。考生可以采用兩種方法使自己的觀點(diǎn)明確。第一種：第一句的信息點(diǎn)可以包含點(diǎn)明確。第一種：第一句的信息點(diǎn)可以包含“少數(shù)同少數(shù)同學(xué)贊成處罰乘客學(xué)贊成處罰乘客”(總起總起)和第一個(gè)原因和第

9、一個(gè)原因, 而第二句則講而第二句則講述第二個(gè)原因述第二個(gè)原因(遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn)); 第二種：第一句為總起，第二句第二種：第一句為總起，第二句則包含了兩個(gè)贊成的理由。陳述則包含了兩個(gè)贊成的理由。陳述“大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對(duì)處大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對(duì)處罰乘客罰乘客”這方面也是同理。這方面也是同理。2. 詞匯整理詞匯整理句句1：(1) 少數(shù)同學(xué)少數(shù)同學(xué): the minority of students句句2：(2) 交通事故交通事故 : traffic accidents(3) 交通安全交通安全 : traffic safety(4) 對(duì)對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)任負(fù)責(zé)任 : be responsible for句句3：(4) 大部分學(xué)生大部

10、分學(xué)生 :the majority of students句句4：(5) 勸說某人做某事勸說某人做某事 : persuade sb. to do sth. (6) 聽從某人的勸說聽從某人的勸說 : follow ones advice3. 難句翻譯難句翻譯 句句2：不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車：不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車, 不僅是對(duì)自己不僅是對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)負(fù)責(zé),也是對(duì)司機(jī)和路人負(fù)責(zé)。也是對(duì)司機(jī)和路人負(fù)責(zé)。分析：本句的主語是分析：本句的主語是 “不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)不乘坐醉酒司機(jī)的車的車”, 因此考生可以考慮使用動(dòng)詞不定因此考生可以考慮使用動(dòng)詞不定式式not to do sth.作主語。不僅作主語。不僅也也可以使用可以使用

11、not only.but also.或者或者as well as這些短語。這些短語。翻譯翻譯 : Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. / Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is responsible for passengers themsel

12、ves as well as the drivers and other people on the road.句句4：即使乘客知道司機(jī)飲酒：即使乘客知道司機(jī)飲酒, 如果司機(jī)不聽如果司機(jī)不聽從乘客的勸誡從乘客的勸誡, 處罰乘客是不公平的。處罰乘客是不公平的。分析：本句的主句是分析：本句的主句是“處罰乘客是不公平的處罰乘客是不公平的”, 考生可以考慮用考生可以考慮用it作形式主語的句型作形式主語的句型it is unfair to.，而，而“即使即使”可以使用可以使用even if引引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。翻譯翻譯: Even if the passenger knows the

13、driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.4. 連句成文連句成文 (1)不同意某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)不同意某個(gè)觀點(diǎn):disagree with sb. /be against the opinion that /disapprove of the idea(2)表述表述“轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折”的連接詞的連接詞:although /instead

14、/rather than/ nevertheless/otherwise / on the one hand.on the other hand.(3) 表示表示“對(duì)照對(duì)照”的連接詞的連接詞(3)whereas /in contrast /unlike /on the contrary /while / by contrast /compared with(4) 表示表示“讓步讓步”的連接詞的連接詞(4)after all /in spite of /still /provided / while it is true.參考范文參考范文 Dear Editor， Im writing to t

15、ell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety. Not to ride in a car driven by a

16、drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or not. Wh

17、ats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice. As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but is a

18、lso hard to carry out. Yours sincerely， Li Hua能力提高能力提高1. 短語翻譯短語翻譯(1)盡管盡管: despite / in spite of / although / though(2)由于由于: due to / because of / owing to / on account of(3)然而然而: however / yet(4) 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?:because / since / as(5) 此外此外 : Besides / Whats more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover(6) 即使即使

19、 :even if / even though(7) 總之總之 : In general /In short /All in all / To draw a conclusion / On the whole(8) 但是但是 :but(9) 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致 :bring about/give rise to / lead to /result in(10) 與與無法相比無法相比: cant be compared with2. 作文填空作文填空 We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars a

20、nd we have different opinions. Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help. Among these beggars are the elderly， drop-outs and the disabled, who can hardly make a living 1 _ old age, poverty or physical inability. due to/because of /owing toMany more students, 2 _

21、, think we shouldnt give them money 3 _ most of the beggars are begging in the hope of earning some easy money. 4 _, to give money would encourage them to be lazy 5 _ _ they have the ability to work. 6 _, _we should help the people of the inferior group, 7 _ we should remain sensible when giving the

22、m money.buthoweverbecause/since/as Besides/Whats more/In addition/Furthermoreeven if /eventhoughIn general/In short/All in all/To draw aconclusion3. 翻譯句子翻譯句子 (8) 盡管自行車有很多明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)盡管自行車有很多明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn), 但是它也存但是它也存在它的問題在它的問題, 因?yàn)樵谒俣群褪孢m度等方面因?yàn)樵谒俣群褪孢m度等方面, 自行自行車是無法和汽車、火車這樣的交通工具相比的。車是無法和汽車、火車這樣的交通工具相比的。Despite many obv

23、ious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problems because bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.(9)很多人存在這樣的誤解很多人存在這樣的誤解, 認(rèn)為離開學(xué)校認(rèn)為離開學(xué)校就意味著結(jié)束了他們的教育。顯然就意味著結(jié)束了他們的教育。顯然, 他們忽他們忽視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實(shí)。視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實(shí)。A large number of peo

24、ple tend to live under the illusion that /wrongly believe that they have completed their education when they finish their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.(10)越來越多的專家相信移民對(duì)城市的建設(shè)越來越多的專家相信移民對(duì)城市的建設(shè)

25、起到積極作用。然而起到積極作用。然而, 越來越多的城市居民越來越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法卻懷疑這種說法,他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了很多嚴(yán)重的問題很多嚴(yán)重的問題, 如：犯罪等。如：犯罪等。An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will have positive effects on the construction of cities. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who

26、complain that the migrants have brought about /given rise to /led to / resulted in many serious problems like crime.最近一則關(guān)于最近一則關(guān)于“狼爸狼爸”通過嚴(yán)厲的家教通過嚴(yán)厲的家教, 甚至鞭打子甚至鞭打子女促使他們考上北大的報(bào)道掀起了討論的熱潮。你女促使他們考上北大的報(bào)道掀起了討論的熱潮。你們學(xué)校上周末也因此開展了一場(chǎng)們學(xué)校上周末也因此開展了一場(chǎng)“Is Wolf Dad approach wrong?”的討論的討論, 你對(duì)辯論賽作了一份總結(jié)。你對(duì)辯論賽作了一份總結(jié)。20%的學(xué)生認(rèn)

27、為的學(xué)生認(rèn)為“狼狼爸爸”方法正確方法正確80%的學(xué)生不贊成這種方法的學(xué)生不贊成這種方法1. 教會(huì)孩子自律教會(huì)孩子自律2. 解決中國(guó)父母過分解決中國(guó)父母過分溺愛孩子的問題溺愛孩子的問題1. 方法粗暴方法粗暴, 甚至是違法的甚至是違法的2. 使孩子更叛逆使孩子更叛逆3. 孩子童年快樂更重要孩子童年快樂更重要寫作內(nèi)容寫作內(nèi)容 1. 以上表格的內(nèi)容；以上表格的內(nèi)容； 2. 你的看法。你的看法。參考詞匯：參考詞匯：rebellious adj. 叛逆的叛逆的參考范文參考范文 Last weekend, a debate was held in my school about whether Wolf D

28、ad approach is wrong and students hold different opinions. 20% of the students think highly of Wolf Dad approach because they firmly believe that it can teach a child self-discipline, which is very important for their growth. What is more, too many Chinese children are ruined with excessive love and

29、 care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem. However, the majority of the students disapprove of this approach, believing that it is rude and even illegal. In addition, children may become more rebellious and it is more important for them to have a happy childhood. From my pers

30、pective, Wolf Dad approach is too extreme and is not suitable for every family.精華點(diǎn)評(píng)精華點(diǎn)評(píng) 在正反論證的議論文中在正反論證的議論文中, 在表達(dá)觀在表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候點(diǎn)的時(shí)候, 很多考生只是會(huì)用很多考生只是會(huì)用they think, agree, disagree等簡(jiǎn)單低級(jí)的詞匯。考等簡(jiǎn)單低級(jí)的詞匯?？忌⒁庹Z言的豐富性。在而本范文則生要注意語言的豐富性。在而本范文則使用了多個(gè)不同的詞組：使用了多個(gè)不同的詞組：think highly of, firmly believe that, disapprove of和和

31、believing that。 另外考生不要把基礎(chǔ)寫作看成簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯另外考生不要把基礎(chǔ)寫作看成簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯, 如如“解決中國(guó)父母過分溺愛孩子的問題解決中國(guó)父母過分溺愛孩子的問題”倘若簡(jiǎn)倘若簡(jiǎn)單翻譯為單翻譯為solve the problem of Chinese parents spoiling their children, 語法上雖然沒有錯(cuò)語法上雖然沒有錯(cuò), 但是但是并不地道并不地道,因此可以根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)的語意和內(nèi)在邏因此可以根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)的語意和內(nèi)在邏輯對(duì)句子改造為輯對(duì)句子改造為“孩子受到過分的寵愛孩子受到過分的寵愛, 而而狼狼爸爸方法可以解決這個(gè)問題：方法可以解決這個(gè)問題：Too many C

32、hinese children are ruined with excessive love and care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem.如今如今, 選美比賽在青少年中越來越普及選美比賽在青少年中越來越普及, 因此你們因此你們班就此開展了一場(chǎng)班就此開展了一場(chǎng)“Should beauty contests be held among teenagers?”的討論的討論, 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面表請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面表格內(nèi)容寫一份總結(jié)。格內(nèi)容寫一份總結(jié)。一些同學(xué)認(rèn)為一些同學(xué)認(rèn)為另一部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為另一部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為1. 愛美之心

33、是人之常情愛美之心是人之常情2. 提供了展示美和欣賞美提供了展示美和欣賞美的平臺(tái)的平臺(tái)3. 提高青少年審美品味提高青少年審美品味, 如如在重要場(chǎng)所應(yīng)該如何穿衣在重要場(chǎng)所應(yīng)該如何穿衣1. 著重外貌，麻木追求著重外貌，麻木追求外表美外表美2. 商業(yè)化，參與比賽浪商業(yè)化，參與比賽浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢總結(jié)：外貌并非成功的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)注重內(nèi)在美總結(jié)：外貌并非成功的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)注重內(nèi)在美參考范文參考范文 Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether beauty contests should be held among teena

34、gers. Some students hold the opinion that love of beauty is part of human nature, so beauty contests not only provide a stage for people to show off their beauty but also a good chance to appreciate beauty. Beauty contests, in their opinion, can help improve teenagers tastes like helping them choose

35、 the right clothes for important occasions. However, other students disagree because they are afraid that most beauty contests focus on contestants appearance, which encourages teenagers to run blindly after appearances. Moreover, many beauty contests are too commercialized and it is a waste of time

36、 and money to take part. Although our classmates opinions vary, we can still safely draw the conclusion that a good face is not the key to success and we should focus more on inner beauty.精華點(diǎn)評(píng)精華點(diǎn)評(píng) 首先首先, 本文的語言比較豐富和地道本文的語言比較豐富和地道, 如如“人之常情人之常情”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為human nature, “提供平臺(tái)提供平臺(tái)”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為provide a stage

37、 for sb., “提高品位提高品位”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為“improve ones taste”, 而而“麻木追求麻木追求”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為“run blindly after”。因此。因此, 考生在平時(shí)的考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)該多點(diǎn)積累豐富的詞匯短語。學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)該多點(diǎn)積累豐富的詞匯短語。 另外另外, 本文的句型也比較豐富本文的句型也比較豐富, 第一句使第一句使用了用了not only.but also.的句型的句型; 第二句第二句把把in their opinion 放在句子中間放在句子中間, 使句子使句子顯得更靈活顯得更靈活; 第三句用了第三句用了because原因狀原因狀語從句語從句; 第四句是并列句第四句是并列句; 而最后一句則而最后一句則使用了一個(gè)使用了一個(gè)Although our classmates opinions vary.“讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句+主句主句”的的復(fù)合句句型。復(fù)合句句型。