（新課改）2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習 Unit 3 Travel journal學案（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 3 Travel journal (一)課前自主學習 Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．journal n．　　　　　　　　　 日記；雜志；定期刊物 2．fare n. 費用 3．route n. 路線；路途 4．cycle vi. 騎自行車 5．stubborn adj.[縱聯(lián)1] 頑固的；固執(zhí)的 6．forecast n．&vt.[縱聯(lián)2] 預(yù)測；預(yù)報 7．parcel n. 小包；包裹 8．source n. 來源；水源 9．valley n. (山)谷；流域 10．pace vi. 緩慢而行；踱步 n. 一步；速度；步調(diào) 11．insurance n. 保險 12．wool n. 羊毛；毛織品 13．flame n. 火焰；光芒；熱情 14．beneath prep. 在……下面 15．temple n. 廟宇；寺廟 Ⅱ.重點單詞——————寫其形 1．transport n. 運送；運輸 vt. 運輸；運送 2．flow vi. 流動；流出 n. 流動；流量 3．persuade vt.[縱聯(lián)3] 說服；勸說 4．finally adv. [縱聯(lián)4] 最后；終于 5．schedule n. 時間表；進度表 vt. 為某事安排時間 6．shorting n. 缺點 7．journey n. 旅行；旅程 8．bend n. 彎；拐角 vt. 使彎曲 vi. 彎身；彎腰 9．a(chǎn)ttitude n. 態(tài)度；看法 10．detail n. 細節(jié)；詳情 11．view n. 風景；視野；觀點；見解 vt. 觀看；注視；考慮 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．prefer vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)→preference n．偏愛；愛好 2．disadvantage n．不利條件；不便之處→advantage n．有利條件；優(yōu)勢 3．graduate vi.畢業(yè) n．大學畢業(yè)生→graduation n．畢業(yè) 4．organize vt.組織；成立→organizer n．組織者→organization n．組織 5．determine vt.決定；確定；下定決心→determined adj.堅決的；有決心的→determination n．決心 6．reliable adj.可信賴的；可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依賴[縱聯(lián)5] 縱聯(lián)1.多重“性格”集一身 ①stubborn固執(zhí)的 ②introverted內(nèi)向的 ③outgoing外向的 ④gentle溫和的 ⑤sensible理智的 ⑥emotional感性的 ⑦outspoken坦率的 ⑧determined堅決的 縱聯(lián)2.能預(yù)測未來的fore前綴 ①forecast n．& vt. 預(yù)測；預(yù)報 ②foresee v. 預(yù)見；預(yù)知 ③foretell v. 預(yù)言；預(yù)測 ④forehead n. 前額 ⑤foremost adj. 最先的；首要的 縱聯(lián)3.如何“勸說”某人做某事 ①persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事 ②advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 ③urge sb. to do sth. 力勸某人做某事 ④argue sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事 ⑤talk sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事 縱聯(lián)4.“最終；終于”在一起 ①finally adv. 最后；終于 ②eventually adv. 最后；終于 ③at last 最終；終于 ④in the end 最后；終于 ⑤at length 最后；終于；詳盡地 縱聯(lián)5.以able結(jié)尾的形容詞集錦 ①reliable可信賴的；可靠的 ②adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的 ③fashionable時尚的；時髦的 ④reasonable合理的 ⑤adaptable能適應(yīng)的 ⑥calculable能計算的 ⑦fortable舒適的 單元話題——旅游 子話題1　旅游行程準備 ①acmodation n. 住宿；膳宿 ②arrangement n. 安排；布置 ③agency n. 代理機構(gòu) ④baggage n. 行李 ⑤luggage n. (總稱)行李 ⑥travel brochure 旅行指南 子話題2　旅游住宿 ①reception n．接待 ②check in報到；登記 ③check out查明；結(jié)賬 ④book a room預(yù)訂房間 子話題3　旅游景點 ①destination n．目的地 ②fountain n．噴泉 ③monument n．紀念碑 ④a summer resort避暑勝地 ⑤a mustsee place必游之地 ⑥a dream trip夢想之旅 子話題4　旅游感受 ①attractive adj.　　　 迷人的；有吸引力的 ②fortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的 ③cultural adj. 文化的 ④fantastic adj. (口語)極好的；美妙的；很棒的 ⑤historical adj. 歷史的 ⑥unforgettable adj. 難以忘懷的；令人難忘的 [學考對接活學活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2016全國卷Ⅰ閱讀D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness?， uneasiness, or worry. Silence may __?__ (view) by some cultural groups as extremely unfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (間隙) with conversation. ①寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根形容詞：stubborn，意為固執(zhí)的 ②用view的適當形式填空：be_viewed；此處的view ...as意為被視為 2．(2017北京高考完形填空)Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to spread her message of hope and awareness.She started the Ladybug Foundation，an __?__ (organize) aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to __?__ local business leaders to contribute to the cause. ①用organize的正確形式填空：organization ②選詞填空：__A__ A．persuade　　　B．lead　　　C．keep 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2015全國卷Ⅱ書面表達) 所以我和我的同學決定為他們組織一些精彩的歌舞表演，這將持續(xù)大約1個小時。(determine, organize) So_my_classmates_and_I_have_determined_to_organize_some_wonderful_singing_and_dancing_performances_for_them,_which_will_last_about_one_hour. 2．(2015浙江高考書面表達)我的大多數(shù)同學想去公園，而我有一個想去一個更好的地方的想法。最后，我設(shè)法說服了我的同學接納了我的想法。(finally, persuade) Most_of_my_classmates_wanted_to_go_to_a_park_while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_a_nicer_place._Finally,_I_managed_to_persuade_my_classmates_into_accepting_my_idea. (二)課堂重點釋疑 1．prefer vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物) [記牢] (1)prefer to do/doing sth. 　 更喜歡做某事 prefer sth. to sth. 喜歡某物而不喜歡某物 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事 [練通]　一句多譯 畢竟，所有的孩子都喜歡表揚而不是批評。 ①After all, all kids prefer_to_be_praised_rather_than_be_scolded.(prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.) ②After all, all kids prefer_being_praised_to_being_scolded.(prefer doing sth. to doing sth.) ③After all, all kids would_be_praised_rather_than_be_scolded.(would do sth. rather than do sth.) ④After all, all kids would_rather_be_praised_than_be_scolded.(would rather do sth. than do sth.) [用準]　(1)prefer不用于進行時；(2)prefer相當于like better，所以prefer不可與比較級連用。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤我喜歡小班，而不喜歡有太多學生的大班。 I_prefer_a_small_class_to_a large one with too many students. 2．persuade vt.說服；勸說；使相信 [記牢] [練通] 選詞填空(persuade, advise) Though I had ①advised her for many times, I couldn’t ②persuade her to go abroad with me because her life experience had ③persuaded her that she could not live on without her parents. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ④I am trying to persuade him to give up the attempt. →I am trying to persuade_him_into_giving_up the attempt. ⑤Can we persuade her out of carrying out the foolish plan? →Can we_persuade_her_not_to_carry_out the foolish plan? [寫美]　補全句子 ⑥在被說服改變態(tài)度之后，我終于找到了正確的方法來改掉粗心大意，也獲得了信心。 Having_been_persuaded_to_change_my_attitude,_I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well. 3．determine vt.決定；確定；下定決心 [記牢] (1)determine＋從句　　　　　　 決定…… determine to do sth. 決定做某事(強調(diào)動作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出決定 (2)determined adj. 有決心的；堅決的 be determined to do sth. 決心做某事(強調(diào)狀態(tài)) (3)determination n. 決心 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①She determined to_work_ (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time. ②I have determined_on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation. 句式升級 ③(2017天津高考書面表達)I’m determined to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it. →Determined_to_perform_well in the final exam, I’m occupied in preparing for it.(用分詞作狀語) [用準]　高考中常把determined to do sth.作狀語的用法作為考查點，有類似用法的還有l(wèi)ost in, caught in, absorbed in等。 [寫美]　補全句子 ④(2015福建高考書面表達)決心努力學習，他在墻上挖了洞從鄰居家“偷”光為的是晚上讀書。 Determined_to_study_hard,_he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night. 4．view n．風景；視野；觀點；見解vt.觀看；注視；考慮 [辨清]　寫出下列句中view的含義 ①I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.風景 ②In this lecture, I can only give you a purely personal view of how we can live life to the full.觀點；見解 ③When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came into view.視野 ④I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released.觀看 [記牢] (1)e into view　　　　　　 看得見；進入視野 have a good view of 清楚地看到；飽覽 (2)in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看來 (3)view ... as ... 把……看作…… [練通] 　單句語法填空 ⑤The Internet is viewed by many people as a revolutionary education tool. ⑥I doubted if the picnickers could have a good view of the sunset they had e that far to see. [寫美]　補全句子 ⑦(2017北京高考書面表達)在我看來，我更喜歡長江之旅，長江是中國最長的河流，也是孕育中國文明的河流之一。 In_my_view/From_my_point_of_view,_I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. [詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．One major disadvantage (不利條件) of the area is the lack of public transport. 2．We have an excellent retirement plan and medical insurance (保險) as well. 3．You are her close friend.And only you can persuade (說服) her not to spend too much money on clothes. 4．The supplies were transported (運輸) to the local people immediately the earthquake happened. 5．Attention, please! The party is scheduled (安排) at 7：00 pm next Monday. 6．He is a stubborn (固執(zhí)的) boy who won’t obey his mother. 7．In spite of all her shortings (缺點) I still think she is one of the best teachers in the school. 8．People’s attitudes (態(tài)度) towards the matter are different. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．They talked about it for hours. Finally (final), they decided not to go. 2．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are_persuaded (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 3．John is very reliable (rely) — if he promises to do something he will do it. 4．Many boys and girls go to college after their graduation (graduate) from high school. 5．It was your bad attitude towards/to your work that made your parents upset. 6．He has overe his difficulties with courage and determination (determine)． 7．When the car was first built, the design was_viewed (view) as highly original. 8．The big pany has gradually absorbed these small panies into its own organization (organize)． Ⅲ.一句多譯/句式升級 1．我們說服了他不要把錢借給那個不值得信任的人。 ①We persuaded_him_not_to_lend_his money to that untrustworthy man. (persuade sb. not to do sth.) ②We persuaded_him_out_of_lending his money to that untrustworthy man. (persuade sb. out of doing sth.) 2．孩子們寧愿騎自行車到鄉(xiāng)下去，也不愿整天待在家里。 ①The children preferred cycling_to_the_countryside to staying indoors all the day. ②The children preferred to_cycle_to_the_countryside rather than stay indoors all the day. ③The children would rather cycle_to_the_countryside than stay indoors all the day. ④The children would cycle_to_the_countryside_rather than stay indoors all the day. 3．He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night. →Determined_to_get_ahead_of_others_in_studies,_he works day and night. (分詞作狀語) Ⅳ.語境辨義 根據(jù)語境選出bend的詞性和詞義 (A)vt.使彎曲　　　　 (B)vi.彎身；彎腰 (C)vi.使屈從 (D)n.彎；拐角 1．There is a bend in the road in front of us.__D__ 2．You have to bend your knees to sit down.__A__ 3．He bent down and picked up a book on the floor.__B__ 4．He tried to force me to bend to his will.__C__ (一)課前自主學習 1．ever_since　　　　　　　　　　 自從；自……以后 2．be_fond_of [串記1] 喜愛；喜歡 3．care_about 關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念 4．change_one’s_mind 改變主意 5．make_up_one’s_mind_ 下決心；決定 6．give_in_ 投降；屈服；讓步 7．a(chǎn)s_usual 照常 8．a(chǎn)t_midnight 在午夜 9．put_up 張貼；搭建 10．get_sb._interested_in 使某人對……感興趣 11．dream_about/of 夢想 12．feel_like [串記2] 想要；感覺像 [同根短語串記] 串記1.“be＋adj.＋of”短語歸納 ①be fond of 喜歡；喜愛 ②be tired of 對……厭倦 ③be afraid of 害怕…… ④be aware of 意識到；知道 ⑤be proud of 為……自豪 串記2.like相關(guān)短語聚會 ①feel like 想要 ②more like 差不多，更接近 ③something like 大約；有點像 ④nothing like 一點也不像 ⑤look like 看起來像 1．take a great bike trip　　 　　　 作一次偉大的自行車旅行 2．plan a schedule for the trip 制訂旅行日程表 3．a(chǎn)n interesting experience 一次有趣的經(jīng)歷 4．graduate from 從……畢業(yè) 5．be dressed in 穿著 6．change ...for ... 把……換成…… 7．can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事 8．stay awake 保持清醒 1．It_was_my_sister_who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。 2．Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted_that_she_organize the trip properly. 盡管她對去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。 3．When I told her the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會困難而且天氣很冷時，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。 4．A determined person always tries to finish the job, no_matter_how_hard_it_is. 一個意志力堅定的人總是努力完成工作，不管它有多么艱難。 5．Our legs were so_heavy_and_cold_that they felt like blocks of ice. 我們的腿又沉又冷以至于摸起來像冰塊一樣。 [學考對接活學活用] 高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(補全句子) 1．(2015湖北高考完形填空)The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers as_usual (照常；像往常一樣)． 2．(2013山東高考完形填空)I think I am a much better person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not forget these experiences. They have taught me to care_about (關(guān)心) other people more than about myself. 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語和句式 (詞匯升級/補全句子) 1. (2015陜西高考書面表達)I’m very strong and healthy and I like (＝am_fond_of ) dancing and singing.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞) 2．(2014山東高考寫作)Thinking of my dream that I would bee a teacher in the future, I decided (＝made_up_my_mind) to take the exam again.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞) 3．(2014安徽高考書面表達)塑造我們生活的不是我們偶爾遇到的困難，而是我們面對困難的態(tài)度。(強調(diào)句型) It’s_not_what_difficulties_we_meet_once_in_a_while_that shapes our lives, but what attitudes we take to face them. 4．(2016天津高考書面表達)你們是如此的善良和體貼，無論你們在哪里，我們都希望和你們成為朋友。(so ... that ...; no matter) You are so_kind_and_considerate_that we hope to be friends with you no_matter_where_you_are. (二)課堂重點釋疑 [短語集釋] 1．care about關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念；在乎 [記牢] care for　　　　　　　　 喜歡；照料 take care 當心 take care of 照料；處理 with care 小心；慎重 [練通] 選詞填空(care about, care for) ①I don’t care_about the price, so long as the car is in good condition. ②He was very grateful to the nurses who had cared_for him. 單句語法填空 ③My grandpa was taken good care of in the nursing home. Therefore, I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression of thanks. ④He handled the instrument with care for fear it should be damaged. [寫美]　補全句子 ⑤這段經(jīng)歷告訴我，除了在生活中目標高遠，我們也應(yīng)該關(guān)心每一件小事，因為它們使我們的成功成為可能。 This experience has taught me that, as well as aiming high in life, we_should_also_care_about_every_small_thing,_because they are what make our success possible. 2．make up one’s mind下決心；決定 [記牢] change one’s mind　　　　　　 改變主意 bear/keep ... in mind 記住/牢記…… have ...in mind 考慮；打算 fix one’s mind on/upon 把注意力集中于…… read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①After graduation from college, they made up their minds (mind) to go and settle in the countryside. ②Peter changed his (he) mind after a phone call at the last minute. 詞匯升級 ③Always remember that your main task is to get your English improved.bear/keep_in_mind_ [用準]　make up one’s mind中的名詞mind有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，根據(jù)one’s的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定mind的單復(fù)數(shù)。 [寫美]　補全句子 ④(2015湖南高考寫作)同時，我下定決心更加努力學習而不是把寶貴的時間浪費在那些無用的事情上。 At the same time, I made_up_my_mind_to_study_harder_rather_than_waste_precious_time on those useless things. 3．give in屈服；投降；讓步；上交 [記牢] give in to　　　　　　　 向……讓步 give away 分發(fā)；贈送；泄露 give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等) give out 分發(fā)；用完；耗盡 give up 放棄；停止 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①The children were required to give in their examination papers immediately. ②If plastic and rubber are burnt, they’ll give off poisonous gases. 選詞填空(give in, give in to) ③The authorities have shown no signs of giving_in_to the kidnappers demand. [用準]　give in作“上交”講時，為及物動詞，其后可直接加賓語；作“讓步；投降”講時，為不及物動詞，其后加介詞to，再接賓語。 [寫美]　補全句子 ④(2016北京高考書面表達)那個周末，我們?nèi)チ烁浇囊粋€社區(qū)并把它們捐贈給那里的人們。 That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave_them_away_to_the_people_there. [句式集釋] 1．insist that ... (should) do sth.“堅持主張……做某事” [教材原句]　Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she_insisted_that_she_organize the trip properly. [悟拓展例句] (1)He also insisted that they (should)_leave (leave) enough space for children. (2)On the contrary, the volunteers insist that they have_got (get) tired of the life on the earth. (3)The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)insist that ...表示“堅持認為……；堅決要求……” (2)insist on (doing) sth.表示“堅持(做)某事” 注意事項 insist that ... (1)表示“堅持認為，堅持說”，后跟賓語從句用陳述語氣； (2)表示“堅決要求，堅決主張”，后跟賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞要用“(should＋)動詞原形”，should可以省略。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2017天津高考書面表達)The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made full use of to do the work well.(要點句) (2)In conclusion, so long as you insist on doing so, you will reap a harvest.(總結(jié)句) 2．“主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) [教材原句]　When I told her_the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. [悟拓展例句] (1)Today’s homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 今天的作業(yè)容易做，因此邁克很快完成作業(yè)然后出去玩耍了。 (2)Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with. 盡管這位女士看上去很優(yōu)雅，但實際上卻很難與之相處。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)句型：主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式 (2)特點：不定式用主動形式表示被動意義 (3)使用條件：使用此結(jié)構(gòu)須具備兩個前提條件：①不定式和句子的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系；②常用形容詞有：difficult, hard, easy, fortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。 注意事項 在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，若不定式為不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)該加相應(yīng)的介詞。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2016四川高考書面表達)Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite. The morning air is so good to breathe.(開頭句) (2)Even though the problem was difficult to solve, I didn’t give up. Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(要點句) [詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓練]　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 care about， ever since， give in， make up one’s mind， feel like， as usual， be fond of， put up 1．It is often the husband who gives_in first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple. 2．—I’m afraid that she won’t e to help me as she promised. —Don’t worry.Nothing will change her mind if she has made_up_her_mind. 3．My grandfather is a warmhearted person, and he_is_fond_of giving advice to all my friends. 4．I usually slept in on Sundays, but on this particular morning, I felt_like getting up early. 5．While he was rescuing survivors in the ruins, little did he care_about his safety. 6．Despite her problems, she carried on working as_usual. 7．The exam results will_be_put_up on Friday afternoon. 8．Ever_since then, the couple have tried their best to help the disabled. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．中國歷來主張國家不分大小，應(yīng)該一律平等。(insist that) China has always insisted_that_all_countries,_big_or_small,_(should)_be_equal. 2．這臺機器很容易操作。任何人都可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)學會使用它。(主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式) This_machine_is_very_easy_to_operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 3．通過建立家庭博客，無論在哪里我們都能便利地分享我們的經(jīng)歷。 (no matter) By setting up a family blog, we can conveniently share our experiences no_matter_where_we_are. 4．大連是一個如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客前來觀光旅游。(so ...that) Dalian is so_attractive_a_place_that lots of tourists visit the city every year. 5．是我姐姐在我處境困難的時候幫助了我。(強調(diào)句型) _It_was_my_sister_who/that gave me a hand when I was in trouble. Ⅲ.概要寫作 概要寫作是閱讀理解和書面表達的有機結(jié)合。所給短文的文體以說明文、議論文為主。概要寫作旨在考查考生的閱讀理解能力和概括運用英語語言知識的能力。 [寫作技法指導] 一、題型特點 要求考生進行概要寫作的閱讀材料原文詞數(shù)一般為300詞左右。要求考生閱讀原文后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫出一篇約60詞的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語句既要用詞準確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語義連貫，不得抄寫原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。 二、注意事項 1．詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右。 2．要根據(jù)文章的體裁特點進行概要寫作。 3．人稱和時態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時態(tài)保持一致，但必要時也可變換成第三人稱。 4．寫作時盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。 三、寫作步驟 第一步：歸納主旨大意(含段落大意) 1．概要寫作的第一步便是閱讀短文并抓取主題，進而提取主旨大意，即有關(guān)該主題的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該主題上的觀點或主張。歸納主旨大意，是為了整體上把握語篇要義，有利于區(qū)分主次、剔除細節(jié)信息。 2．確定段落主旨句時，要兼顧語篇大背景，即在全文主旨大意的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下歸納段落主旨，將段落主旨納入語篇主旨的架構(gòu)中。不是所有的段落都有現(xiàn)成的段落主旨句，有的段落主旨句需要考生根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容予以歸納和概括。 閱讀語篇時，根據(jù)不同的文體可采取以下方法歸納主旨大意： 記敘文 圈出記敘文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)；如果是夾敘夾議文，還要寫出故事給讀者帶來的啟示或寓意 說明文 找出文章要說明的對象、觀點或建議 議論文 提取議論文的三要素(論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論) 第二步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞 1．結(jié)合主旨大意，細讀段落，找出每個段落的主旨句和關(guān)鍵詞，區(qū)別段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supporting ideas, examples 和additional information。通常是在相對重要的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵句是概要寫作最重要的內(nèi)容和依據(jù)。 2．消減事例，盡量減少實事并省略細節(jié)。 第三步：合并和改寫 1．合并信息首先需要對信息進行分類、整合，找到信息之間的聯(lián)系，再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果聯(lián)系緊密，且沒有支持的細節(jié)信息，可以考慮合并。 2．在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進行語言表達形式的改寫，對原文的語言表達形式盡可能實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的改變(改詞、換句型)。 第四步：核查成文 核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞(but, then, later, finally, besides, thus, therefore, yet, however)；核查標點和語法；核查詞數(shù)，并最終連句成文。 [經(jīng)典案例示法] 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Your hunger doesnt necessarily mean you are really hungry.It is an important sign of what is happening in your body — physically, emotionally and mentally.Sounds strange? It is true and here in this article we shall discuss certain things that your hunger is trying to tell you. When you feel hungry, try to figure out if you are really hungry.Sometimes when you think that you are hungry, you might be thirsty.It is possible that you have been dehydrated (脫水) for a long time and your body is sending a signal through your hunger.So instead of eating, go for water and quench your thirst at the earliest. If you feel hungry all the time, it could mean that you are depriving (剝奪) yourself of certain foods and hence the body is craving for these.If you are on a strict diet, then go for foods and legumes rich in protein along with plex carbohydrates (碳水化合物) like quinoa and brown rice that will take you a long time to digest and will keep you full for a long period of time. You might get hungry for a certain kind of food only at times.This is because you bee emotional about certain foods.For example, if you are happy and celebrating your anniversary, you might end up having a desire for the cake that you brought to celebrate the special occasion. This is called emotional eating. Sometimes your hunger might mean that you