名師指津高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 寫作 短文改錯 考點破解1 名詞的數(shù)與格的誤用課件
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1、名詞名詞的的數(shù)數(shù)與與格格的的誤用誤用考點考點1 1:真題再練真題再練1.(2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I) The airs we breathe in isgetting dirtier and dirtier. 因因air是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。air2.(2014新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I) Since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.因因these后應(yīng)接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。后應(yīng)接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 years3.(2013新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I)
2、 He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years. 肩有左肩和右肩,通常用復(fù)數(shù)。肩有左肩和右肩,通常用復(fù)數(shù)。shoulders4.(2012新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. 因因each of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 toys5.(2011新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) It felt very strange t
3、o travel without any luggages. 因因luggage或或baggage(行李行李)是不可數(shù)名是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 luggage6.(2011新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.指到達(dá)指到達(dá)“我朋友的家我朋友的家”,而,而my friends home中中home可省略。可省略。friends7.(2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with
4、his parent.It was very crowded. he turned around and found that his parents were missing.由下文的由下文的his parents were missing可知可知parent要用復(fù)數(shù)。要用復(fù)數(shù)。parents8.(2014新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. 可數(shù)名詞只要數(shù)量大于一就要用復(fù)數(shù),可數(shù)名詞只要數(shù)量大于一就要用復(fù)數(shù),“一一個
5、半小時個半小時”大于大于“一小時一小時”,故第一個,故第一個hour用復(fù)數(shù)。用復(fù)數(shù)。hours9.(2013新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.“迫切需要符合英國人習(xí)慣的有手柄的杯迫切需要符合英國人習(xí)慣的有手柄的杯子子”,用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示這一類東西,用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示這一類東西,事實上事實上handles也提醒我們用復(fù)數(shù)。也提醒我們用復(fù)數(shù)。cups思路點撥思路點撥1.依據(jù)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的用
6、法特點。依據(jù)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點。可數(shù)名詞大于一時要用復(fù)數(shù),不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞大于一時要用復(fù)數(shù),不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如air, milk, water等物等物質(zhì)名詞與質(zhì)名詞與music, advice, fun等抽象名詞是等抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,一般是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的。還不可數(shù)名詞,一般是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的。還有有l(wèi)uggage, furniture, equipment等都是容等都是容易出錯的不可數(shù)名詞。易出錯的不可數(shù)名詞。2.依據(jù)名詞前的修飾語。依據(jù)名詞前的修飾語。如名詞前有如名詞前有these, those, ten等修飾時,應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如真題等修飾時,應(yīng)
7、當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如真題再練再練2,these year就錯了,要用就錯了,要用these years才正確。才正確。3.依據(jù)主謂一致原則。依據(jù)主謂一致原則。如果謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù),如果謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù),主語也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù);如果謂語動詞是單數(shù),主主語也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù);如果謂語動詞是單數(shù),主語也應(yīng)是單數(shù)。如真題再練語也應(yīng)是單數(shù)。如真題再練1,謂語是,謂語是is getting,而主語是,而主語是airs,可知這里一定有問題。,可知這里一定有問題。4. 依據(jù)上下文信息。依據(jù)上下文信息。如真題再練如真題再練7,Tony went to a shopping center with his parent,湯姆是同他的父親或母
8、親,還,湯姆是同他的父親或母親,還是同他父母一起去商場?下文是同他父母一起去商場?下文his parents were missing告訴我們,是同父母一起去告訴我們,是同父母一起去的,故的,故parent應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。5.依據(jù)生活常識。依據(jù)生活常識。如真題再練如真題再練3,一個,一個人的肩膀是有左有右的,應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如人的肩膀是有左有右的,應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如果沒有這個常識就無法正確指出果沒有這個常識就無法正確指出with broad shoulder這一錯誤。這一錯誤。6.依據(jù)邏輯意義。依據(jù)邏輯意義。如真題再練如真題再練6,“當(dāng)當(dāng)我最終到達(dá)朋友時我最終到達(dá)朋友時”,“到達(dá)朋友到達(dá)朋友”怎么
9、怎么講得通呢?這里一定有問題,應(yīng)當(dāng)是講得通呢?這里一定有問題,應(yīng)當(dāng)是“到到達(dá)朋友的家達(dá)朋友的家”才通順。才通順??键c歸納考點歸納 名詞是短文改錯的必考點,名詞是短文改錯的必考點,5年年8套題中套題中無一例外。主要考查名詞的無一例外。主要考查名詞的“數(shù)數(shù)”與與“格格”,具體有具體有3點:點:1.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù),文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù),文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。如真題再練第如真題再練第1題和第題和第5題。要牢記常見題。要牢記常見的不可數(shù)名詞,如:的不可數(shù)名詞,如:fun, advice, information, work(工作工作), homework, housework, progre
10、ss, luggage, furniture, equipment, money等。等。2.可數(shù)名詞該用復(fù)數(shù)時,文中卻用了單數(shù)??蓴?shù)名詞該用復(fù)數(shù)時,文中卻用了單數(shù)。如真題再練第如真題再練第2、3、4、7、8、9題。題。顯然,這是考查的重點。要注意可數(shù)名詞顯然,這是考查的重點。要注意可數(shù)名詞前有前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大于或大于1的的數(shù)詞修飾時,以及雖無這些詞但根據(jù)語境數(shù)詞修飾時,以及雖無這些詞但根據(jù)語境其意義大于其意義大于1時,一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。時,一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.表
11、示表示“某人的某人的”本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格,文本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格,文中卻沒用。如真題再練第中卻沒用。如真題再練第6題。注意,題。注意,以下情況中,名詞所有格后的名詞可省略:以下情況中,名詞所有格后的名詞可省略:a butchers (shop)肉鋪,肉鋪,a tailors (shop)裁裁縫店,縫店,a barbers (shop)理發(fā)店,理發(fā)店,a doctors (office)診所,診所,my sisters (home)我姐姐家,我姐姐家,其中其中shop, office, home等表示處所的詞都可等表示處所的詞都可以省略,直接用名詞所有格表示。以省略,直接用名詞所有格表示??键c練透
12、考點練透1. (2010新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees.因是一箱金色的球,不止一個,故用因是一箱金色的球,不止一個,故用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。balls2. (2009新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) There are two girls from my course here and I plan to makefriend with them so that we can help each other with the course work. 表示表示“與某人交朋友與某人交朋友”用短語用短語make frien
13、ds with,friend應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 friends3. (2008新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) More than 1 000 painting will be on show 因因painting(油畫油畫)是可數(shù)名詞,由是可數(shù)名詞,由1000可知用復(fù)數(shù)??芍脧?fù)數(shù)。paintings4. (2007新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷)We listened to my CDs together and soon became best friend. 兩個人成為最好的朋友兩個人成為最好的朋友, friend要用復(fù)數(shù)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。friends5. (2012大綱卷大綱卷II) Water is i
14、mportant. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water用復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指。用復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指。 animals6. (2011大綱卷大綱卷I) One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. 因因one of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。memories7. (2011大綱卷大綱卷II) My brother was so fond of the museums
15、 there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day. 表示再待表示再待“幾天幾天”,故,故day用復(fù)數(shù)。用復(fù)數(shù)。days8. (2010大綱卷大綱卷II) Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 在在one of后必定用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。后必定用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 friends9. (2009大綱卷大綱卷II) I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right.
16、hour是可數(shù)名詞,數(shù)量大于一就要用復(fù)是可數(shù)名詞,數(shù)量大于一就要用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù),“一個半一個半”小時大于小時大于“一一”小時了,小時了,故用復(fù)數(shù)。故用復(fù)數(shù)。hours10. (2008大綱卷大綱卷I) Id like to stay there for half a month, visiting place of interest andpracticing my English as well. 不止一處名勝,故用復(fù)數(shù)。不止一處名勝,故用復(fù)數(shù)。places11. (2007大綱卷大綱卷II) It will be lots of fun practicing out in the playgr
17、ound in the afternoon with the tree around us all redand yellow and everybody laughing and shouting.由后面的由后面的all可知,不止一棵樹,故用復(fù)數(shù)??芍?,不止一棵樹,故用復(fù)數(shù)。 trees12. (2013大綱卷大綱卷) In my family, there are three peoples. 表示表示“人人”, people本身就是復(fù)數(shù)。本身就是復(fù)數(shù)。people13. (2013大綱卷大綱卷) At home, my father often thinks Im silly. He s
18、ays if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. 因因time表示時間是不可數(shù)名詞。表示時間是不可數(shù)名詞。time14. (2010大綱卷大綱卷I) He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. 因因advice是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 advice15. (2008大綱卷大綱卷II) Third, since I am familiar with
19、 Beijing, I can help visitors find their ways in the city. 因因way作作“線路線路”解時,通常用單數(shù)。如解時,通常用單數(shù)。如find ones way home找到回家的路,找到回家的路,tell sb. the way為某人指路,為某人指路,ask the way問路。問路。way16. (2007大綱卷大綱卷I) I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa, why do you havemore lines on that one?” 由常識可知,人有兩只手,此處指另由常識可知,人有兩只手,此處指另外一只手,不可能是另外多只手。外一只手,不可能是另外多只手。 hand17. (2007新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. 在在birthday前作定語,用名詞的所有前作定語,用名詞的所有格,指在格,指在“朋友的朋友的”生日聚會上。生日聚會上。friendsTHANK YOU!
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