犁式除雪車除雪裝置設(shè)計(jì)-掃雪機(jī)【含6張CAD圖紙+說明書完整資料】

請(qǐng)充值后下載本設(shè)計(jì)，資源目錄下的文件，都可以點(diǎn)開預(yù)覽到，資料完整，充值下載就能得到?！咀ⅰ浚篸wg后綴為CAD圖，doc,docx為WORD文檔，有不明白之處，可咨詢QQ:1304139763 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 北 華 航 天 工 業(yè) 學(xué) 院 本 科 畢 業(yè) 論 文 外 文 資 料 翻 譯 設(shè)計(jì) 論文 題目 犁式除雪車除雪裝置設(shè)計(jì) 作者所在系別 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 作者所在專業(yè) 車輛工程 作者所在班級(jí) B13141 作 者 姓 名 羅輝 作 者 學(xué) 號(hào) 201322273 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 劉志強(qiáng) 指導(dǎo)教師職稱 講師 完 成 時(shí) 間 2017 年 3 月 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 History Of The Snowblower So who did invent the snowblower or snowthrower We need to begin by qualifying that question since there are a number of answers depending on your interest Some notable firsts would be The first machine to clear snow by throwing or blowing it The first fully mobile snow clearing machine The first domestic walk behind snow blower The latter is the one people generally think of and have the most interest in It is also the one that has the most elusive answer Chapter 1 So where did it all begin Looking back in time we need to consider where would there be a need to remove snow while having a source of power available The need and the enabling power were found on the railways of the U S snowbelt and in Canada The earliest documented art belongs to a Toronto dentist known as J W Elliot His 1869 patent 390 design was never built The story next takes us to Orangeville Ontario Canada where we find Orange Jull a gristmill operator and inventor In 1884 he applied for a patent and was subsequently granted patent 18506 Jull did not have the means to build and commercialize his invention so he contracted the local Leslie brothers to build the machines The Jull Leslie machines were self powered but not self propelled A locomotive was used to move the machine The Jull design consisted of 2 large inline fans rotating in opposite directions The lead fan chewed into and pulverized the snow while blowing it back into the discharge fan which propelled it into the sky Due to clogging problems it was simplified to a single fan Further changes to effectively control the discharge were made including a movable deflector and pitching impeller blades Production was moved to the Cook locomotive works in several locations Additional machines were built under license Finally 5 machines were home built by end users with the last one finished in 1971 In all 146 were built Later work consisted of fortifying the design to deal with the hazards of the unknown Tracks were often blocked with fallen trees and other debris that were concealed in the snow Legend has it that in one case a herd of cattle were trapped and buried under the snow on the rail bed As the rotary snowplow progressed forward beefsteaks were flying They remained in production into the 1950s and a few are still in service today Many survive as museum pieces with an occasional demonstration Following his collaboration with the Leslie Brothers Orange Jull went on to create a next generation machine This design utilized a screw auger to collect the snow It was not as effective especially in deep snow and only eleven were ever built Sadly all have been scrapped 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 All of the available photos and drawings of these machines are on enthusiasts sites where they are best viewed A Google search using Jull snowblower as keywords will deliver hours of reading and nostalgia On You tube you may be able to find The Return of Rotary 1 A search for rotary snowplow found this video Chapter 2 Our next installment finds Arthur Sicard circa 1894 an 18 year old working on the family dairy farm in Saint Leonard de Port Maurice Quebec Snowstorms being frequent and dairy products being perishable motivated him to find a better snow removal means Motivation found inspiration one day when he saw a new piece of farm machinery called the thresher If this machine could gather grain perhaps he could use the design to gather and move snow It wasn t long before he had built and tested his first prototype however it bogged down in snow His notion was dismissed by those around him and he went on unsupported in his pursuit He went on to make a life for himself in Montreal until finally in 1925 31 years later he astonished the people of that city with his Sicard Snow Remover Snowblower The first sale was to the nearby town of Outremont in 1927 The Sicard name has been synonymous with large snowblowers ever since My hometown had a Sicard unit mounted to an old Michigan front end loader for several decades Chapter 3 The curious question then becomes when did the walk behind domestic snowblower emerge The Toro website makes the claim that Toro introduced the first snowthrower the Snowhound in 1951 Ariens entered snow moving the market in 1952 with an attachment for it s Yardster series The Ariens Sno Thro series was launched in 1960 Simplicty followed in 1962 The earliest confirmed Gilson dates back to 1966 Meanwhile dozens of others launched product lines This of course is in the context of domestic walk behind units If you have an early machine I d appreciate a picture and brief story Of all of the archival material I have amassed nothing points to an earlier machine The 1951 Toro was not the driveway behemoth than many of us use today as can be seen in the photo In my Vintage Machine Showcase you can get a sense of the diversity found in the early machines and a search of patents will reveal even more radical designs Machines of modern proportions began to emerge in the 1960 s The small scale brands slowly disappeared and most were gone by the 1980s The Gilson snow blower line launched in 1966 The full sized gear drives continued to evolve through the decade and with the introduction of the Unitrol machines in 1970 Gilson had 2 full size formats that evolved into the 1980s The small Gilson single stage models were discontinued after the 1970 model year 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 Just as the small scale models were fading away the industry was turned on it s head with the introduction of personal sized 2 stroke machines The models were easy to handle store and pay for They pack enough power to handle a significant storm if you are patient enough to let it eat the elephant one bite at a time Gilson was an early player with some patent action and the Snow Cannon was a hit Horsepower grew over the years Early machines were in the 3 4 horsepower range In 1970 8HP was the big machine By 1980 most brands included a 10 or even 11 HP machine Today 13 HP models easy to find The 21st century brought power accessories Manufacturers are offering heated handles motorized chute rotators and you can find machines that have onboard battery power to allow electric starting when away from household power While engine powered lighting is nothing new it is becoming far more common The other big story is consolidation Where there used to be scores of suppliers there are now essentially 7 Promotional grade machines I m being kind here are made by MTD Murray and AYP Quality machine are built by Simplicity Ariens Toro and Honda Virtually any machine you can find on the market regardless of the brand is from one of these sources The exceptions as small players such as attachments for BCS tillers The age of the mass merchandiser has forced everyone to slash cost in pursuit of market share The quality brands often sell machines in several tiers with one targeted at the promotional grade competition What do the coming decades hold for snowblower users The market moves slowly While nearly every homeowner owns a lawn mower the snowblower market is confined to the snowbelt region and many property owners choose not to own such a machine That being said it is a small piece of the pie that has a hard time attracting R and Lindsey R K et al focused work conditions including geography and climate that are different by work site to realize efficient resource allocation for snow removal Other than those for snow removal efforts including the bridge management system have been made to optimize budget allocation for infrastructure management However there seem to be few studies on a model that enables efficient snow removal budget and resource allocations on the basis of cost structure analyses as well as of inter regional comparisons of the time series data of snow removal costs Out of Japan s total road length of 1 2 mil km 744 thou miles municipal roads account f or about 84 The length of national roads under the direct control of the national government accounts for a mere 1 9 of the total The length of roads in the cold snowy areas that account for about 60 of Japan s land area is about 41 6 thou km 25 79 thou miles The national gove rnment fully finances snow removal for national highways including expressways and partially subsidizes snow removal for national highways under the control of prefectures and prefectura l roads in areas designated as snowy and cold by The national government covers snow removal costs for nationally managed national highways The national government subsidizes snow remo val costs for prefecturally managed national highways and prefectural roads in areas designated as snowy and cold by The law states that the national government shall subsidize prefectures for two thirds of the cost of snow removal with the prefecture covering the remaining third At p resent the national government s subsidy for roads in areas that are designated as snowy and col d by the law amunts to about 70 billion yen 583 million 1 120 FY 2007 National revenu es for this subsidy include those from the national gas tax the automobile tonnage tax and the automobile acquisition tax Those revenues whose disbursement is limited to road related projects amount to about 5 6 trillion yen 47 billion FY 2007 Each prefecture s snow removal costs are financed from the prefectural general account and the prefectural special account The revenue sources for the prefectural special account includ es the light oil wholesale tax whose disbursement is limited to road related projects And the key to reduce snow removal costs is snow sweeper on the development and production and human resource saving Chapter 5 Let s take a look at each country different snow blowers 1 schmidt CJS Super compact tractor The machine on skis roller and snow blower can work alone or at the same time roller length is 4200 mm roller diameter of 914 mm high performance gas flow rate of 530 m3 h the snow blower adopts hydraulic drive blowing snow speed can be adjusted and it is mainly used for snow removal of airport runway taxiway and parking apron Its compact design high flexibility excellent performance high reliability schmidt is one of the largest equipment ownership in China The machine USES 4 x4 overloaded trucks chassis after appropriate modification to install snow equipment A separate engine used to drive hydraulic pump control rolling brush and high pressure blower driven by the chassis 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 engine hydraulic circuit used to push the skis operation roller between before and after the truck bridge roller powered by two hydraulic motor by hydraulic cylinder pushing skis swinging and ascend Roller is suspended under the table make its can adjust Angle in the horizontal direction in order to adapt to the change of clean the road Roller is working from two free to support roller bearing High pressure blower by auxiliary engine driven hydraulic pump driven by a hydraulic motor air volume according to different power is divided into two levels Blower is located in the rear used in dry be swept pavement or away the remaining cx Blower under driving condition back and side not highlight parts so as to avoid risk while backing out When using the CJS is cleared when the airport pavement snow often need to install the skis MS56 1 and push type MS64 1 airport skis are suitable for the machine of snow removal operations at the airport 2 wave male company able to provide a complete line of laminated push the snow shovel the car can be installed in various types of chassis winter snow removal operations for a variety of occasions The automatic collision avoidance height is 150 mm push the snow shovel suspension adopts hydraulic control ensure the snow removal more clean and effective Patented high pressure hydraulic control valve can avoid because of the snow shovel side collision damage caused by the Wave MF push the snow shovel male the company are controlled by the Vpad operating system Male company dedicated to the airport and the width of the highway design and manufacturing 3 The House Card H series multi purpose snow sweeper to hao and H series models based on design and manufacture the snow sweeper can be hung in front of all kinds of snow blower snow and snow brush the vehicle cab design highlights the safety and comfort of the driver Snow and pull Sno way throw snow machine adopts B S engine move Yang xue suction throw the snow Yang can reach 3 15 m can automatically walk backward The improved type steel hollow out hob has a big mouth into the snow in improving work efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption Increase the acupoint redirector easily toggle can complete turn Multiple block transform speed can be adjusted forward or backward Applicable Yu Daxue blizzard when opened up a road as well as the heaps of snow loading pickup suitable for state organs and units schools parking lot square property management community garden and winter snow removal of non motor vehicle lanes etc 4 the Zoomlion ZLJ5250TCXZE3 ZLJ5251 TCXZE4 multi functional snow sweeper is a collection of snow the snow solid prewetting cloth and cloth scraping ice and other functions in a body s comprehensive snow sweeper With large power and high efficiency Hunan and GuiZhou mountainous area highway in early 2011 in the fight against snow disaster played a huge role in work Which USES push before and after the operation mode solved the problem of the snow removal after freezes again Spraying machine control system adopts the closed loop ratio control and high accuracy high reliability and convenient operation Adopt multi function integrated design installation at the front have push the snow shovel rolling options to improve the working efficiency of snow removal Equipped with central in addition to ice skate can wipe out the compacted snow and ice road With a large cloth profile options wings shovel which can realize the highway fast and efficient in addition to the snow and ice Road snow blocking will bring a great deal of trouble and loss snow removal vehicles is an effective countermeasure for this bad situation however snow sweeper is the development of future life development could not drink the lack of necessary conditions 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 掃雪機(jī)的歷史及概況 所以誰(shuí)發(fā)明了掃雪機(jī) 我們需要開始的排位賽 因?yàn)橛性S多問題的答案取決于你的 興趣 一些值得注意的第一次是 第一臺(tái)通過投擲或吹雪清除雪的機(jī)器 什么是第一個(gè)完全移動(dòng)清理雪的機(jī)器 第一個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)手動(dòng)除雪機(jī) 后者通常是人們最感興趣的一個(gè) 但是也是最難回答的一個(gè) 第 1 章 那么這一切在哪里開始 回首往事時(shí)我們需要考慮在哪里有需要清除雪雖然有一個(gè)電 源可用 這種需要和力量在美國(guó)多雪地帶和在加拿大的鐵路被發(fā)現(xiàn) 最早的記載藝術(shù)屬于 一個(gè)叫 J W 埃利奧特的多倫多牙醫(yī) 他 1869 年專利 390 號(hào)設(shè)計(jì)從來沒有建造 接下來的故事發(fā)生在加拿大 奧蘭治維爾安大略 是發(fā)現(xiàn) Orange Jull 的地方 Orange Jull 是磨坊的操作員和發(fā)明者 1884 年他申請(qǐng)了專利 隨后被授予專利 18506 號(hào) Jull 沒有建立和推廣他的發(fā)明 他承包了當(dāng)?shù)氐娜R斯利兄弟建造機(jī)器的裝置 Jull 萊斯利機(jī)器可以自行供電但是卻不能自己行走 所以利用火車頭來移動(dòng)機(jī)器 Jull 設(shè)計(jì)有兩大內(nèi)聯(lián)風(fēng)扇在相反的方向旋轉(zhuǎn) 風(fēng)扇將雪粉碎成沫 再經(jīng)由排風(fēng)扇將其吹 向天空 由于堵塞問題 所以將風(fēng)扇簡(jiǎn)化成單扇 為了有效地控制放電 將其進(jìn)一步改 變成一個(gè)可移動(dòng)的偏轉(zhuǎn)和俯仰葉輪葉片 產(chǎn)品被轉(zhuǎn)移到幾個(gè)做機(jī)車廠的地方 額外的機(jī) 器是建立在許可證下 最后 5 臺(tái) 家庭建設(shè) 是在 1971 年通過最終用戶的最后一個(gè)完成 的 一共共建造 146 臺(tái)機(jī)器 接下來的工作是設(shè)計(jì)處理未知的危險(xiǎn) 通常是阻止倒下的樹木和其他隱藏在雪地里 的碎片 傳說 有一次牛群被困 埋在雪下的床身導(dǎo)軌 旋轉(zhuǎn)掃雪機(jī)前進(jìn)過程中 牛排 是飛行的 它們一直生產(chǎn)到上個(gè)世紀(jì) 50 年代 有一些甚至用到了今天 還有一些偶爾展 示在博物館 與萊斯利兄弟合作后 Orange Jull 繼續(xù)創(chuàng)建了下一代機(jī)器 這次設(shè)計(jì)利用了螺旋鉆 來收集雪 但不是很有效 尤其是在積雪厚只有 11 厘米的地方 所以很遺憾的都被取消 了 在圖紙愛好者網(wǎng)站上這些所有可用的圖片和繪畫是這些機(jī)器最好的歸宿 在谷歌上 輸入 Jull 掃雪機(jī)的關(guān)鍵字 那么你將花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間閱讀和懷舊 在 You tube 上 你可以找到 扶輪 1 號(hào)的回歸 相關(guān)話題 還可以搜索發(fā)現(xiàn) 旋轉(zhuǎn)掃雪機(jī) 的視頻 第 2 章 大約在 1894 年 我們進(jìn)一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)亞瑟西卡德 一個(gè) 18 歲在圣倫納德的毛里斯港 的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)努力工作 暴風(fēng)雪的頻繁發(fā)生和奶制品的腐爛使他找到了一個(gè)更好地除雪動(dòng) 力裝置 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 這個(gè)動(dòng)機(jī)的靈感來自于 有一天他發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)叫做脫粒機(jī)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)機(jī)械 如果這種機(jī)器 可以收集糧食 那么或許他可以利用這種設(shè)計(jì)來收集和清除雪 不久之后 他完成了他 的第一個(gè)原型 并進(jìn)行測(cè)試 然而機(jī)器卻陷在雪里 他的觀點(diǎn)沒有被周圍的人理解 他 的追求人們并不支持 他獨(dú)自一人前往蒙特利爾生活 一直到 1925 年 31 年后 他發(fā)明 的 西卡德除雪機(jī) 令那些城市的人感到驚訝 他第一次賣出掃雪機(jī) 是在 1927 年 賣 到了附近的外山鎮(zhèn) 西卡德的名字因此成為了大型除雪機(jī)的代名詞 我的家鄉(xiāng)有一個(gè)西卡德機(jī)器安裝到 了舊密歇根 使用了幾十年 第 3 章 人們好奇的問題變成了國(guó)內(nèi)可以行走的除雪機(jī)是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的 托羅網(wǎng)站上說第 一臺(tái)行走掃雪機(jī)是托羅在 1951 年提出的 這種機(jī)器和其附件 Yardster 系列在 1952 年進(jìn) 入掃雪機(jī)市場(chǎng) 該產(chǎn)品的 Sno Thro 系列在 1960 年問世 Simplicty 也在 1962 年緊隨其 后生產(chǎn)出來 這最早的確認(rèn)的 Gilson 產(chǎn)品要追溯到 1966 年 與此同時(shí) 其他許多公司 也推出了生產(chǎn)線 這項(xiàng)發(fā)明當(dāng)然是國(guó)內(nèi)第一個(gè)行走單位 如果你有一個(gè)早期的機(jī)器 我 可以欣賞它的圖片和簡(jiǎn)短的故事 我積累了所有早期機(jī)器的檔案資料 1951 年托羅并不 是我們今天看到的照片中的那樣 在我的古董機(jī)展示中 你可以了解發(fā)現(xiàn)早期機(jī)器和搜索多樣性的專利 從而顯示更 加激進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì) 現(xiàn)代機(jī)器的模型在 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代開始出現(xiàn) 小規(guī)模品牌慢慢消失 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代 之前的都成為了過去 Gilson 除雪機(jī)成立于 1966 年 全尺寸齒輪驅(qū)動(dòng)器通過十年的不斷 發(fā)展 在 1970 年引進(jìn) Unitrol 機(jī)器 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代 Gilson 2 演變?yōu)槿叽绺袷?小的 Gilson 單級(jí)模型在 1970 年停產(chǎn) 小規(guī)模模型消失后 這個(gè)行業(yè)推出了 個(gè)人型號(hào) 的沖程機(jī)器 模型很容易處理 存儲(chǔ)和支付 如果你有足夠的耐心讓它吃一頭大象 他們就有足夠的權(quán)利來處理強(qiáng)大的 風(fēng)暴 Gilson 是一個(gè)早期的專利行動(dòng)的球員也是雪炮的打擊 多年后馬力增長(zhǎng) 早期的機(jī)器是 3 4 的馬力 1970 年第 8 代惠普是大型機(jī)器 到 1980 年 包括第 10 代甚至第 11 代惠普機(jī)器在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)品牌都已經(jīng)出現(xiàn) 在今天 惠 普 13 模型也很容易找到 21 世紀(jì)是電力配件 制造商提供加熱處理 電槽轉(zhuǎn)子 你可以找到機(jī)器主板電池 可以在遠(yuǎn)離家庭的時(shí)候啟動(dòng) 而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力照明就不是什么新鮮事情了 另一個(gè)故事是整理 那里曾經(jīng)有許多供應(yīng)商 促銷級(jí)的機(jī)器是由 MTD Murray 和 AYP 傳達(dá)出來 質(zhì)量好的機(jī)器制造廠商有 Simplicity Ariens Toro 和 Honda 等 在市場(chǎng)上 幾乎任何種類的機(jī)器你都找的到 無論品牌是其中的哪一個(gè) 作為 BCS 分部的小型機(jī)例 外 大量銷售商的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致每家廠商不得不削減成本來追求市場(chǎng)份額 質(zhì)量品牌通常出 售幾個(gè)層次機(jī)器在針對(duì)吸引各個(gè)級(jí)別的消費(fèi)者來競(jìng)爭(zhēng)得到更高的利益 掃雪機(jī)用戶的未來幾十年將是什么樣的呢 市場(chǎng)變換很慢 雖然幾乎每家都擁有割 草機(jī)的掃雪機(jī)市場(chǎng) 但掃雪機(jī)的使用僅限于多雪地區(qū) 許多業(yè)主選擇不買這種機(jī)器 也 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 就是說這是一小塊蛋糕 很難吸引研發(fā)資金 隨著時(shí)間的推移 基本概念已經(jīng)相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定 生態(tài)環(huán)境是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的推動(dòng)力 且會(huì)一直延續(xù)下去 最近大多工作已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)工廠利 益去制造有價(jià)值的工程 昔日的制造機(jī)器的蠻力已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了 我們只能希望 未 來的機(jī)器不會(huì)配置過多的脆弱零件 除此之外 我們都將等待 看看未來的打擊 第 4 章 有最近的研究 專注于受益人的要求 為達(dá)到預(yù)期水平的除雪服務(wù)而找到一個(gè)有效 方案來降低成本 從這個(gè)角度出發(fā) 討論了除雪需求 居民的支付意愿和居民對(duì)積雪消 除的滿意度等問題 這些積雪去除的研究大多涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 或使用問卷調(diào)查 以解決公眾參與或客戶 滿意度的問題 很少有深入的研究能夠根本解決政府的除雪成本不足的問題 對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理 包括在美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家 包括巴羅加除雪的降低成本的努力 E V 提出了用以衡量性能的除雪服務(wù)水平 使用它給出的預(yù)算和資源分配 除雪車滿足的 工作條件 包括地理和氣候不同的工作場(chǎng)所 實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的資源分配用以有效除雪 除了 那些除雪方案外 包括橋梁管理系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的努力 已為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理優(yōu)化預(yù)算分配 然 而 似乎有一些研究的模型 在高效的除雪預(yù)算和資源分配的成本結(jié)構(gòu)分析的基礎(chǔ)上 以跨區(qū)域比較消耗時(shí)間排列數(shù)據(jù)的方法來比較除雪成本 日本的道路總長(zhǎng)度約 1 2 萬(wàn)公里 744 千英里 市政道路的長(zhǎng)度約占 84 國(guó)家道路 在中央政府直接控制下的僅占總數(shù)的 1 9 道路中長(zhǎng)期處在寒冷 下雪地區(qū)的約占日本 60 其中的土地面積約為 41 6 萬(wàn)公里 25 79 萬(wàn)英里 國(guó)民政府完全使用財(cái)政來為國(guó) 家高速公路除雪 包括在高速公路 和部分補(bǔ)貼國(guó)家高速公路除雪的支持下縣和縣級(jí)公路 地區(qū) 由國(guó)家政府規(guī)定為雪和寒冷覆蓋的為由國(guó)家負(fù)責(zé)除雪的國(guó)家高速公路 國(guó)家地方 政府補(bǔ)貼除雪成本管理國(guó)家高速公路 法律規(guī)定 國(guó)家政府補(bǔ)貼縣除雪成本的三分之二 剩下由各個(gè)縣自行負(fù)責(zé) 目前 國(guó)家政府補(bǔ)貼的道路所指定為雪和寒冷地區(qū) 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)每年 使用約 700 億日?qǐng)A 5 83 億美元 1 美元 120 2007 財(cái)政年度 的開支 國(guó)家收入補(bǔ)貼包括 那些來自全國(guó)汽油稅 汽車噸位稅和汽車收購(gòu)的稅收 這些收入的支出僅限于 road related 項(xiàng)目 金額約 5 6 萬(wàn)億日?qǐng)A 470 億美元 2007 財(cái)年 每年 每個(gè)縣的除雪成本資金分為全州一般賬戶和全州特殊賬戶 地方專門賬戶的收入來 源包括輕油批發(fā)稅 其支出僅限于 road related 項(xiàng)目 而消減除雪開支的關(guān)鍵就在于除 雪車開發(fā)生產(chǎn)以及人力資源的節(jié)約上了 第 5 章 讓我們來看看各個(gè)國(guó)家的不同除雪車 1 施密特 CJS Super 緊湊型掃雪車 該機(jī)的推雪板 滾刷和吹雪機(jī)可以單獨(dú)或 同時(shí)工作 滾刷長(zhǎng)度 4200mm 滾刷直徑 914mm 高性能吹雪機(jī)氣流量 530m3 h 采用液壓 驅(qū)動(dòng) 吹雪速度可以任意調(diào)節(jié) 主要用于機(jī)場(chǎng)跑道 滑行道和停機(jī)坪的除雪 該車設(shè)計(jì) 緊湊 靈活度高 性能優(yōu)異 可靠性高 是施密特在中國(guó)保有量最大的設(shè)備之一 該機(jī) 采用四驅(qū)重載卡車 底盤經(jīng)過相應(yīng)改裝 以安裝掃雪設(shè)備 一臺(tái)獨(dú)立的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)用于驅(qū)動(dòng) 液壓泵控制滾刷和高壓鼓風(fēng)機(jī) 由底盤發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的液壓回路用來操作推雪板 滾刷位 于卡車前后橋之間 滾刷由 2 臺(tái)液壓馬達(dá)提供動(dòng)力 通過液壓缸實(shí)現(xiàn)推雪板的左右擺動(dòng) 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 和提升 滾刷被懸置在轉(zhuǎn)盤下 使其可在水平方向調(diào)整角度以適應(yīng)清掃路面的變化 滾 刷工作時(shí)由 2 個(gè)自由轉(zhuǎn)向支承輪支承 高壓鼓風(fēng)機(jī)由輔助發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓泵 通過一個(gè) 液壓馬達(dá)進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng) 出風(fēng)量按不同功率分為兩級(jí) 鼓風(fēng)機(jī)位于車輛后部 用于吹干被掃 過的路面或吹去剩余殘雪 鼓風(fēng)機(jī)在行駛狀態(tài)下 后部和側(cè)面沒有突出部件 從而避免 倒車時(shí)的危險(xiǎn) 當(dāng)使用 CJS 清除機(jī)場(chǎng)路面積雪時(shí) 通常需要安裝推雪板 MS56 1 和 MS64 1 型機(jī)場(chǎng)推雪板均適合于該機(jī)的機(jī)場(chǎng)除雪作業(yè) 2 瑞士波雄公司能夠提供完整系列的多片式推雪鏟 可以安裝在各種型號(hào)的底盤 車上 用于多種場(chǎng)合的冬季除雪作業(yè) 其自動(dòng)避讓高度可達(dá) 150mm 推雪鏟的懸掛采用液 壓控制 確保除雪更加干凈 有效 具有專利技術(shù)的高壓液壓控制閥可避免由于雪鏟側(cè) 邊碰撞而可能造成的破壞 波雄公司的 MF 推雪鏟均由 Vpad 操作系統(tǒng)控制 波雄公司 專門為機(jī)場(chǎng)和高速公路設(shè)計(jì)和制造的寬度 3 美國(guó)豪士卡 H 系列多用途除雪車以豪士卡 H 系列車型為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)制造 該 除雪車的前面可以懸掛各式吹雪機(jī) 雪犁和雪帚 該車駕駛室的設(shè)計(jì)突出了駕駛員的安 全性和舒適性 雪挪拉 Sno way 拋雪機(jī)采用 B S 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 機(jī)動(dòng)力強(qiáng) 揚(yáng)雪吸力大 拋雪揚(yáng)程可達(dá) 3 15m 可自動(dòng)行走 倒退 改進(jìn)的鋼制鏤空型滾刀具有超大進(jìn)雪口 在提 高工作效率的同時(shí)降低了油耗 增加左右手轉(zhuǎn)向器 輕松撥動(dòng)即可完成轉(zhuǎn)彎 多個(gè)擋位 變換 可任意調(diào)節(jié)前進(jìn)或后退速度 適用于大雪 暴雪時(shí)開辟交通道路 以及成堆積雪 的裝車清運(yùn)工作 適合機(jī)關(guān) 單位 學(xué)校 停車場(chǎng) 廣場(chǎng) 物業(yè)小區(qū) 花園以及非機(jī)動(dòng) 車道等場(chǎng)所的冬季除雪 4 中聯(lián)重科 ZLJ5250TCXZE3 ZLJ5251 TCXZE4 多功能除雪車是一款集推雪 高速 掃雪 固體撒布 預(yù)濕撒布 刮冰等多種功能于一體的綜合除雪車 該車功率大 效率 高 在 2011 年初湖南和貴州等地山區(qū)公路抗擊冰雪災(zāi)害的工作中發(fā)揮了巨大作用 該車 采用了前推 后撒 中刮的作業(yè)模式 解決了除雪后再次結(jié)冰的問題 撒布器控制系統(tǒng) 采用閉環(huán)比例控制 撒布精度高 可靠性高 操作方便 采用多功能集成設(shè)計(jì) 前部安 裝有推雪鏟 可選裝滾掃 提高除雪的作業(yè)效率 中部配有除冰刀 可鏟除壓實(shí)雪和道 路冰層 配有大型撒布器 側(cè)面可選裝翼鏟 可實(shí)現(xiàn)高速公路快速高效除冰雪作業(yè) 道路積雪堵塞將會(huì)給人們帶來巨大的麻煩和損失 發(fā)展除雪車是這種不良情況的有 效對(duì)策 無論如何 除雪車的發(fā)展是未來生活發(fā)展所不能喝缺少的必要條件 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 第 0 頁(yè) 共 4 頁(yè) 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師 年 月 日 專業(yè)教研室審查意見 負(fù)責(zé)人 年 月 日