山東省濱州市2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法九 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析.doc

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動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析考點(diǎn)一 常見(jiàn)易混動(dòng)詞辨析1spend/pay/cost/take表示“花費(fèi)”spend主語(yǔ)是人，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢。spend. on.; spend. (in) doing sth.pay主語(yǔ)是人，指花費(fèi)金錢。pay. for.spend. oncost主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，指花費(fèi)金錢或其他代價(jià)。sth. cost(s) (sb.).take多用it作形式主語(yǔ)，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。It takes sb. . to do sth.Sb. spend(s). (in) doing sth.Mom never spends any money on herself.媽媽從來(lái)都不在自己身上花錢。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借給我12塊錢嗎？我下周還你。It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.開(kāi)始的六個(gè)月你不用花一分錢。It took them three years to build this road.他們用三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。2look/watch/see/read 表示“看”look看(動(dòng)作)；可單獨(dú)成句；look at.watch看(電視、比賽)；注視see看見(jiàn)(結(jié)果)；看望；理解(I see.)read看(書(shū)、報(bào))；讀；讀懂別人的內(nèi)心look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。看病(看醫(yī)生)用see a doctor表示。3speak/say/talk/tell表示“說(shuō)”speak發(fā)言；說(shuō)(某種語(yǔ)言)say說(shuō)(內(nèi)容)；寫(xiě)有talk談?wù)?；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.tell告訴；講述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.4.感官系動(dòng)詞look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook看起來(lái)(視覺(jué))taste嘗起來(lái)(味覺(jué))sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)(聽(tīng)覺(jué))feel摸起來(lái)(觸覺(jué))smell聞起來(lái)(嗅覺(jué))5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”borrow借用；borrow sth. from sb.lend借給；lend sth. to sb.keep借用若干時(shí)間；keep. for 2 days6.hope/wish/expecthope希望；hope to to sth.; hopethat 從句wish但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 從句expect期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.7.forget/leaveforget表示“忘記”時(shí)，forget通常不能與表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或短語(yǔ)連用leave在表示“遺忘”時(shí)，通常要與表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用8.hear/listen/soundhear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)；hear名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果)listen聽(tīng)；listen to名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的過(guò)程)sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)； sound形容詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的效果)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear“穿著；戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，wear后可接穿戴的東西，包括眼鏡、首飾等put on“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的動(dòng)作，反義詞為“take off”dress“穿衣”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接人作賓語(yǔ)，意為“給某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；給自己穿衣服”be in表示狀態(tài)，后接衣服，也可接表顏色的詞10.reach/get/arrivereach“到達(dá)”，是及物動(dòng)詞(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(不能用介詞)get“到達(dá)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，之后通常接介詞 toarrive“到達(dá)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，之后通常接介詞 at (一般用于較小的地方)或 in (一般用于較大的地方)1(xx廣東揭陽(yáng)普寧模擬)I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one.Asaid BtoldCspoken Dtalked 2(xx廣西貴港港南二模)How much money did he you yesterday?500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.Agive BborrowClend Dmake3(xx湖北十堰模擬)Mom, this kind of fruit nice. Id like to taste one.Asounds BsmellsClooks Dfeels 4(xx山東東營(yíng)廣饒模擬)I really enjoy the fresh fish soup in Lanhai International Hotel. It delicious.Afeels BsoundsCsmells Dtastes5(xx甘肅定西中考改編)I cant find my English textbook.Is it possible that you it at home?Alost BsawCleft Dforgot考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析?？嫉膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析有三種：第一種是同一動(dòng)詞的不同搭配；第二種是同一副詞或介詞與不同動(dòng)詞的搭配；第三種是完全不同的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。1同一動(dòng)詞的不同搭配(1)look短語(yǔ)look after照料；照顧look at看look for尋找；尋求look forward to盼望；期待look out注意；當(dāng)心；向外看look through快速查看；瀏覽look up(在詞典、參考書(shū)中或通過(guò)電腦)查閱；抬頭看look up to欽佩；仰慕(2)cut短語(yǔ)cut down砍倒cut off切除cut out刪除；刪去cut up切碎(3)run短語(yǔ)run after追逐；追趕run away跑開(kāi)run out (of)用盡；耗盡(4)turn短語(yǔ)turn down調(diào)低turn up調(diào)高turn.into變成turn on接通(電流、煤氣、水等)；打開(kāi)turn off關(guān)掉turn left/right向左/右轉(zhuǎn)(5)take短語(yǔ)take after(外貌或行為)像take care of照顧；處理take down拆除；往下拽；記錄take in吸入；吞入(體內(nèi))take off脫下；起飛take place發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)take up (尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做；開(kāi)始做(6)get短語(yǔ)get dressed穿上衣服get into陷入；參與get lost迷路get off下車get on 上車get on with與相處get up起床；站起(7)use短語(yǔ)be/get used to習(xí)慣于be used to do被用來(lái)做used to曾經(jīng)；過(guò)去(8)give短語(yǔ)give away贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)give up放棄give in屈服give off發(fā)出(光、氣味等)；長(zhǎng)出(枝、杈等)(9)call短語(yǔ)call (sb.) back(給某人)回電話call in召來(lái)；叫來(lái)call up打電話給(某人)；征召(10)come短語(yǔ)come true實(shí)現(xiàn)；成為現(xiàn)實(shí)come up with想出；提出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)(11)bring短語(yǔ)bring back恢復(fù)；使想起；歸還bring up養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出(12)fall短語(yǔ)fall asleep進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall in love with愛(ài)上；喜歡上fall over絆倒(13)go短語(yǔ)go along (the street) 沿著(這條街)走go off (鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲go out外出(娛樂(lè))(14)make短語(yǔ)make sure確保；查明make up編造(故事、謊言等)make a decision做決定make fun of取笑make use of利用(15)put短語(yǔ)put on增加(體重)；發(fā)胖put off推遲put up搭建；舉起；張貼put away收拾(整理)好put sth.to good use好好利用某物put out熄滅(16)set短語(yǔ)set out出發(fā)；啟程set up建起；建立2同一副詞或介詞與不同動(dòng)詞的搭配(1)up短語(yǔ)cheer up(使)變得更高興；振奮起來(lái)clean up打掃(或清除)干凈dress up裝扮；喬裝打扮end up最終成為；最后處于fix up修理；裝飾grow up長(zhǎng)大；成熟hurry up趕快；急忙pick up撿起；接電話show up趕到；露面stay up熬夜wake up醒；叫醒(2)out短語(yǔ)blow out吹滅check out察看；觀察clear out清理；丟掉find out查明；弄清hand out分發(fā)hang out閑逛；常去某處lay out擺開(kāi)；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略sell out賣光set out出發(fā)；啟程work out成功地發(fā)展；解決(3)down短語(yǔ)die down逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失look down瞧不起let.down使失望lie down躺下pull.down拆下；摧毀write down寫(xiě)下；記錄下(4)with短語(yǔ)agree with同意；贊成compare.with比較；對(duì)比connect.with.把和連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)deal with應(yīng)付；處理share with分享part with放棄、交出(尤指不舍得的東西)3完全不同的動(dòng)詞詞組ask for請(qǐng)求；懇求(給予)care for照顧；非常喜歡believe in信任；信賴care about關(guān)心；在意clean.off把擦掉depend on依靠；信賴divide.into把分開(kāi)separate from分開(kāi)；分離hear from接到(某人的)信、電話等throw away扔掉；拋棄drop by順便訪問(wèn)；隨便進(jìn)入stick to堅(jiān)持；固守pay attention to注意；關(guān)注pass by路過(guò)；經(jīng)過(guò)pay for付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)prepare for.為做準(zhǔn)備pull together齊心協(xié)力；通力合作shut off關(guān)閉；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)take sb.s place代替、替換某人的位置think of認(rèn)為1(xx山東臨沂費(fèi)縣一模)In a basketball game, its very important for the players to play together and the best in each other.Ahand out Bbring outCtake out Dleave out2(xx黑龍江哈爾濱道外改編)One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延癥). What should I do? what you need to do first, and go for it today.AWatch out BWork outCWear out DLook out3(xx湖北十堰丹江口診斷)Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”Thank you for reminding me of that.Alay out Bleave outCbring out Dfind out4(xx江蘇常州常熟一模)Excuse me, sir.But smoking is not allowed here.Sorry, I didnt see the sign. Ill my cigarette(香煙) at once.Aput out Bput awayCput up Dput off5(xx安徽中考)Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.Atake on Bgive upCput away Dsee off6(xx湖北襄陽(yáng)中考)Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not.You cant todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn downCgive away Dlook up7(xx湖北宜昌中考)Were not supposed to those who failed.No one can be a winner all the time.Aturn out Blaugh atCspread out Dshare with考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與原形相比，表示更委婉的語(yǔ)氣。2mustnt表示否定意義，意為“禁止，不允許”。3have to有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，表示受客觀條件限制，意為“不得不”。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽車去上班。4“May.？”句式的肯定回答是“Yes, .can.”，否定回答是“No, .cant.”?！癕ust.？”句式的肯定回答是“Yes, .must.”，否定回答是“No, .neednt./.dont have to.”。1(xx內(nèi)蒙古通遼中考)Where are you going for your summer holidays? I go to Dalian. I havent decided.Amay BneedCmust Dmustnt2(xx江蘇鹽城中考)Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.Ashouldnt BcantCmustnt Dneednt3(xx江蘇泰州中考)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.Ashould BmayCcould Dmight4(xx福建中考改編)Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now?No, you Aneednt BcantCshouldnt Dmustnt5(xx廣東中考)Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.If farmers start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise.Acan BcantCmust Dmustnt考點(diǎn)四 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、特征等。分類常見(jiàn)例詞表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞be表示持續(xù)性的系動(dòng)詞keep, remain, stay, stand表示感官的系動(dòng)詞taste, smell, feel, look, sound 表示變化的系動(dòng)詞become, turn, go, grow, get1Excuse me. Id like a Christmas gift for my friend.What about this pair of gloves? It beautiful.Afeels BlooksCseems Dbecomes2The two boys fond of the new toy bought by their father.Abe BamCis Dare3Almost all the water gone. Please save water!Aare BisChave Dwere考點(diǎn)五 助動(dòng)詞1助動(dòng)詞be助動(dòng)詞be主要用來(lái)表示各種時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2助動(dòng)詞do有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子的否定句、疑問(wèn)句或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。Do you know China well？你很了解中國(guó)嗎？Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天給你打電話了嗎？3助動(dòng)詞have與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)。You havent been abroad before, have you？你以前沒(méi)出過(guò)國(guó)，是不是？1(xx湖北鄂州中考)He didnt go to school late yesterday, did he? ， though it rained hard yesterday.ANo, he didnt BYes, he didntCYes, he did DNo, he did2(xx湖南永州中考改編)David, make trouble at school.Acant BdontCdoesnt Disnt3Mr. Smiths plane . Lets wait for him here.Ahasnt arrived Bdidnt arriveCdoesnt arrive Dcouldnt arrive參考答案【語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析】考點(diǎn)一15 ACBDC考點(diǎn)二15 BBBAA67 AB考點(diǎn)三15 ABAAA考點(diǎn)四13 BDB考點(diǎn)五13 CBA