裝配圖活塞的機械加工工藝設計及夾具設計(論文+DWG圖紙)

裝配圖活塞的機械加工工藝設計及夾具設計(論文+DWG圖紙),裝配,活塞,機械,加工,工藝,設計,夾具,論文,dwg,圖紙 附件：模具高速銑削加工技術摘 要 介紹了高速銑削在模具加工中的應用以及影響，并簡要的介紹了高速銑削機床的結構、控制系統和刀具。對高速加工的工藝進行了簡單的分析。關鍵詞 高速銑削；模具加工一、 前言在現代模具生產中，隨著對塑件的美觀度及功能要求得越來越高，塑件內部結構設計得越來越復雜，模具的外形設計也日趨復雜，自由曲面所占比例不斷增加，相應的模具結構也設計得越來越復雜。這些都對模具加工技術提出了更高要求，不僅應保證高的制造精度和表面質量，而且要追求加工表面的美觀。隨著對高速加工技術研究的不斷深入，尤其在加工機床、數控系統、刀具系統、CAD/CAM軟件等相關技術不斷發(fā)展的推動下，高速加工技術已越來越多地應用于模具型腔的加工與制造中。數控高速切削加工作為模具制造中最為重要的一項先進制造技術，是集高效、優(yōu)質、低耗于一身的先進制造技術。相對于傳統的切削加工，其切削速度、進給速度有了很大的提高，而且切削機理也不相同。高速切削使切削加工發(fā)生了本質性的飛躍，其單位功率的金屬切除率提高了30%40%，切削力降低了30%，刀具的切削壽命提高了70%，留于工件的切削熱大幅度降低，低階切削振動幾乎消失。隨著切削速度的提高，單位時間毛坯材料的去除率增加了，切削時間減少了，加工效率提高了，從而縮短了產品的制造周期，提高了產品的市場競爭力。同時，高速加工的小量快進使切削力減少了，切屑的高速排出減少了工件的切削力和熱應力變形，提高了剛性差和薄壁零件切削加工的可能性。由于切削力的降低，轉速的提高使切削系統的工作頻率遠離機床的低階固有頻率，而工件的表面粗糙度對低階頻率最為敏感，由此降低了表面粗糙度。在模具的高淬硬鋼件(HRC45HRC65)的加工過程中，采用高速切削可以取代電加工和磨削拋光的工序，從而避免了電極的制造和費時的電加工，大幅度減少了鉗工的打磨與拋光量。對于一些市場上越來越需要的薄壁模具工件，高速銑削也可順利完成，而且在高速銑削CNC加工中心上，模具一次裝夾可完成多工步加工。高速加工技術對模具加工工藝產生了巨大影響，改變了傳統模具加工采用的“退火銑削加工熱處理磨削”或“電火花加工手工打磨、拋光”等復雜冗長的工藝流程，甚至可用高速切削加工替代原來的全部工序。高速加工技術除可應用于淬硬模具型腔的直接加工(尤其是半精加工和精加工)外，在EDM電極加工、快速樣件制造等方面也得到了廣泛應用。大量生產實踐表明，應用高速切削技術可節(jié)省模具后續(xù)加工中約80%的手工研磨時間，節(jié)約加工成本費用近30%，模具表面加工精度可達1 m，刀具切削效率可提高1倍。二、 高速銑削加工機床高速切削技術是切削加工技術的主要發(fā)展方向之一，它隨著CNC技術、微電子技術、新材料和新結構等基礎技術的發(fā)展而邁上更高的臺階。由于模具加工的特殊性以及高速加工技術的自身特點，對模具高速加工的相關技術及工藝系統(加工機床、數控系統、刀具等)提出了比傳統模具加工更高的要求。1. 高穩(wěn)定性的機床支撐部件高速切削機床的床身等支撐部件應具有很好的動、靜剛度，熱剛度和最佳的阻尼特性。大部分機床都采用高質量、高剛性和高抗張性的灰鑄鐵作為支撐部件材料，有的機床公司還在底座中添加高阻尼特性的聚合物混凝土，以增加其抗振性和熱穩(wěn)定性，這不但可保證機床精度穩(wěn)定，也可防止切削時刀具振顫。采用封閉式床身設計，整體鑄造床身，對稱床身結構并配有密布的加強筋等也是提高機床穩(wěn)定性的重要措施。一些機床公司的研發(fā)部門在設計過程中，還采用模態(tài)分析和有限元結構計算等，優(yōu)化了結構，使機床支撐部件更加穩(wěn)定可靠。2. 機床主軸高速機床的主軸性能是實現高速切削加工的重要條件。高速切削機床主軸的轉速范圍為10000100000m/min，主軸功率大于15kW。通過主軸壓縮空氣或冷卻系統控制刀柄和主軸間的軸向間隙不大于0.005mm。還要求主軸具有快速升速、在指定位置快速準停的性能(即具有極高的角加減速度)，因此高速主軸常采用液體靜壓軸承式、空氣靜壓軸承式、熱壓氮化硅（Si3N4）陶瓷軸承磁懸浮軸承式等結構形式。潤滑多采用油氣潤滑、噴射潤滑等技術。主軸冷卻一般采用主軸內部水冷或氣冷。3. 機床驅動系統為滿足模具高速加工的需要，高速加工機床的驅動系統應具有下列特性：(1) 高的進給速度。研究表明，對于小直徑刀具，提高轉速和每齒進給量有利于降低刀具磨損。目前常用的進給速度范圍為2030m/min，如采用大導程滾珠絲杠傳動，進給速度可達60m/min；采用直線電機則可使進給速度達到120m/min。(2) 高的加速度。對三維復雜曲面廓形的高速加工要求驅動系統具有良好的加速度特性，要求提供高速進給的驅動器(快進速度約40m/min，3D輪廓加工速度為10m/min)，能夠提供0.4m/s2到10m/s2的加速度和減速度。機床制造商大多采用全閉環(huán)位置伺服控制的小導程、大尺寸、高質量的滾珠絲杠或大導程多頭絲杠。隨著電機技術的發(fā)展，先進的直線電動機已經問世，并成功應用于CNC機床。先進的直線電動機驅動使CNC機床不再有質量慣性、超前、滯后和振動等問題，加快了伺服響應速度，提高了伺服控制精度和機床加工精度。4. 數控系統先進的數控系統是保證模具復雜曲面高速加工質量和效率的關鍵因素，模具高速切削加工對數控系統的基本要求為： a. 高速的數字控制回路(Digital control loop)，包括：32位或64位并行處理器及1.5Gb以上的硬盤；極短的直線電機采樣時間。 b. 速度和加速度的前饋控制(Feed forward control)；數字驅動系統的爬行控制(Jerk control)。 c. 先進的插補方法( 基于NURBS的樣條插補)，以獲得良好的表面質量、精確的尺寸和高的幾何精度。 d. 預處理(Look-ahead)功能。要求具有大容量緩沖寄存器，可預先閱讀和檢查多個程序段(如DMG機床可多達500個程序段，Simens系統可達10002000個程序段)，以便在被加工表面形狀(曲率)發(fā)生變化時可及時采取改變進給速度等措施以避免過切等。 e. 誤差補償功能，包括因直線電機、主軸等發(fā)熱導致的熱誤差補償、象限誤差補償、測量系統誤差補償等功能。 此外，模具高速切削加工對數據傳輸速度的要求也很高。 f. 傳統的數據接口， 如RS232串行口的傳輸速度為19.2kb，而許多先進的加工中心均已采用以太局域網(Ethernet)進行數據傳輸，速度可達200kb。5. 冷卻潤滑高速加工采用帶涂層的硬質合金刀具，在高速、高溫的情況下不用切削液，切削效率更高。這是因為：銑削主軸高速旋轉，切削液若要達到切削區(qū)，首先要克服極大的離心力；即使它克服了離心力進入切削區(qū)，也可能由于切削區(qū)的高溫而立即蒸發(fā)，冷卻效果很小甚至沒有；同時切削液會使刀具刃部的溫度激烈變化，容易導致裂紋的產生，所以要采用油/氣冷卻潤滑的干式切削方式。這種方式可以用高壓氣體迅速吹走切削區(qū)產生的切削，從而將大量的切削熱帶走，同時經霧化的潤滑油可以在刀具刃部和工件表面形成一層極薄的微觀保護膜，可有效地延長刀具壽命并提高零件的表面質量。三、 高速切削加工的刀具刀具是高速切削加工中最活躍重要的因素之一，它直接影響著加工效率、制造成本和產品的加工精度。刀具在高速加工過程中要承受高溫、高壓、摩擦、沖擊和振動等載荷，高速切削刀具應具有良好的機械性能和熱穩(wěn)定性，即具有良好的抗沖擊、耐磨損和抗熱疲勞的特性。高速切削加工的刀具技術發(fā)展速度很快，應用較多的如金剛石(PCD)、立方氮化硼(CBN)、陶瓷刀具、涂層硬質合金、(碳)氮化鈦硬質合金TIC(N)等。在加工鑄鐵和合金鋼的切削刀具中，硬質合金是最常用的刀具材料。硬質合金刀具耐磨性好，但硬度比立方氮化硼和陶瓷低。為提高硬度和表面光潔度，采用刀具涂層技術，涂層材料為氮化鈦(TiN)、氮化鋁鈦(TiALN)等。涂層技術使涂層由單一涂層發(fā)展為多層、多種涂層材料的涂層，已成為提高高速切削能力的關鍵技術之一。直徑在1040mm范圍內，且有碳氮化鈦涂層的硬質合金刀片能夠加工洛氏硬度小于42的材料，而氮化鈦鋁涂層的刀具能夠加工洛氏硬度為42甚至更高的材料。高速切削鋼材時，刀具材料應選用熱硬性和疲勞強度高的P類硬質合金、涂層硬質合金、立方氮化硼（CBN）與CBN復合刀具材料（WBN）等。切削鑄鐵，應選用細晶粒的K類硬質合金進行粗加工，選用復合氮化硅陶瓷或聚晶立方氮化硼（PCNB）復合刀具進行精加工。精密加工有色金屬或非金屬材料時，應選用聚晶金剛石PCD或CVD金剛石涂層刀具。選擇切削參數時，針對圓刀片和球頭銑刀，應注意有效直徑的概念。高速銑削刀具應按動平衡設計制造。刀具的前角比常規(guī)刀具的前角要小，后角略大。主副切削刃連接處應修圓或導角，來增大刀尖角，防止刀尖處熱磨損。應加大刀尖附近的切削刃長度和刀具材料體積，提高刀具剛性。在保證安全和滿足加工要求的條件下，刀具懸伸盡可能短，刀體中央韌性要好。刀柄要比刀具直徑粗壯，連接柄呈倒錐狀，以增加其剛性。盡量在刀具及刀具系統中央留有冷卻液孔。球頭立銑刀要考慮有效切削長度，刃口要盡量短，兩螺旋槽球頭立銑刀通常用于粗銑復雜曲面，四螺旋槽球頭立銑刀通常用于精銑復雜曲面。四、 模具高速加工工藝高速加工包括以去除余量為目的的粗加工、殘留粗加工，以及以獲取高質量的加工表面及細微結構為目的的半精加工、精加工和鏡面加工等。1. 粗加工模具粗加工的主要目標是追求單位時間內的材料去除率，并為半精加工準備工件的幾何輪廓。高速加工中的粗加工所應采取的工藝方案是高切削速度、高進給率和小切削用量的組合。等高加工方式是眾多CAM軟件普遍采用的一種加工方式。應用較多的是螺旋等高和等Z軸等高兩種方式，也就是在加工區(qū)域僅一次進刀，在不抬刀的情況下生成連續(xù)光滑的刀具路徑，進、退刀方式采用圓弧切入、切出。螺旋等高方式的特點是，沒有等高層之間的刀路移動，可避免頻繁抬刀、進刀對零件表面質量的影響及機械設備不必要的耗損。對陡峭和平坦區(qū)域分別處理，計算適合等高及適合使用類似3D偏置的區(qū)域，并且可以使用螺旋方式，在很少抬刀的情況下生成優(yōu)化的刀具路徑，獲得更好的表面質量。在高速加工中，一定要采取圓弧切入、切出連接方式，以及拐角處圓弧過渡，避免突然改變刀具進給方向，禁止使用直接下刀的連接方式，避免將刀具埋入工件。加工模具型腔時，應避免刀具垂直插入工件，而應采用傾斜下刀方式(常用傾斜角為2030)，最好采用螺旋式下刀以降低刀具載荷。加工模具型芯時，應盡量先從工件外部下刀然后水平切入工件。刀具切入、切出工件時應盡可能采用傾斜式(或圓弧式)切入、切出，避免垂直切入、切出。采用攀爬式切削可降低切削熱，減小刀具受力和加工硬化程度，提高加工質量。2. 半精加工模具半精加工的主要目標是使工件輪廓形狀平整，表面精加工余量均勻，這對于工具鋼模具尤為重要，因為它將影響精加工時刀具切削層面積的變化及刀具載荷的變化，從而影響切削過程的穩(wěn)定性及精加工表面質量。 粗加工是基于體積模型，精加工則是基于面模型。以前開發(fā)的CAD/CAM系統對零件的幾何描述是不連續(xù)的，由于沒有描述粗加工后、精加工前加工模型的中間信息，故粗加工表面的剩余加工余量分布及最大剩余加工余量均是未知的。因此應對半精加工策略進行優(yōu)化以保證半精加工后工件表面具有均勻的剩余加工余量。優(yōu)化過程包括：粗加工后輪廓的計算、最大剩余加工余量的計算、最大允許加工余量的確定、對剩余加工余量大于最大允許加工余量的型面分區(qū)(如凹槽、拐角等過渡半徑小于粗加工刀具半徑的區(qū)域)以及半精加工時刀心軌跡的計算等。 現有的模具高速加工C A D /CAM軟件大都具備剩余加工余量分析功能，并能根據剩余加工余量的大小及分布情況采用合理的半精加工策略。如MasterCAM軟件提供了束狀銑削(Pencil milling)和剩余銑削(Rest milling)等方法來清除粗加工后剩余加工余量較大的角落以保證后續(xù)工序均勻的加工余量。3. 精加工模具的高速精加工策略取決于刀具與工件的接觸點，而刀具與工件的接觸點隨著加工表面的曲面斜率和刀具有效半徑的變化而變化。對于由多個曲面組合而成的復雜曲面加工，應盡可能在一個工序中進行連續(xù)加工，而不是對各個曲面分別進行加工，以減少抬刀、下刀的次數。然而，由于加工中表面斜率的變化，如果只定義加工的側吃刀量(Step over)，就可能造成在斜率不同的表面上實際步距不均勻，從而影響加工質量。 一般情況下，精加工曲面的曲率半徑應大于刀具半徑的1.5倍，以避免進給方向的突然轉變。在模具的高速精加工中，在每次切入、切出工件時，進給方向的改變應盡量采用圓弧或曲線轉接，避免采用直線轉接，以保持切削過程的平穩(wěn)性。五、 結束語高速切削技術是切削加工技術的主要發(fā)展方向之一，目前主要應用于汽車工業(yè)和模具行業(yè)，尤其是在加工復雜曲面的領域、工件本身或刀具系統剛性要求較高的加工領域等，是多種先進加工技術的集成，其高效、高質量為人們所推崇。它不僅涉及到高速加工工藝，而且還包括高速加工機床、數控系統、高速切削刀具及CAD/CAM技術等。模具高速加工技術目前已在發(fā)達國家的模具制造業(yè)中普遍應用，而在我國的應用范圍及應用水平仍有待提高，由于其具有傳統加工無可比擬的優(yōu)勢，仍將是今后加工技術必然的發(fā)展方向Mold high speed milling processing technologyThe abstract Introduced the high speed milling in the mold processing application as well as the influence, and brief introduction high speed milling engine bed structure, control system and cutting tool. Has carried on the simple analysis to the high speed processing craft.Key word high speed milling; mold processingFirst, forewordIn the modern mold production, along with to models artistic and the function must obtain more and more high, models the internal structure to design more and more complex, the mold contour design day by day is also complex, the free curved surface accounts for the proportion to increase unceasingly, the corresponding mold structure also designs more and more complex. These all set a higher request to the mold processing technology, not only should guarantee the high manufacture precision and the surface quality, moreover must pursue the processing surface artistic. Along with is unceasingly thorough to the high speed processing engineering research, is processing the engine bed, the numerical control system, the cutting tool system, CAD/ especially Correlation technology and so on CAM software develops unceasingly under the impetus, high speed processes the technology more and more many to apply in the mold cavity processing and the manufacture.The numerical control high-speed cutting processing took in the mold manufacture a most important advanced manufacture technology, is the collection is highly effective, high quality, the low consumption in a body advanced manufacture technology. Is opposite in the traditional machining, its cutting speed, entered to the speed had the very big enhancement, moreover cut the mechanism not to be same. The high-speed cutting caused the machining to have the leap, its specific power metal excision rate enhanced 30%40%, the cutting force reduced 30%, the cutting tool working durability enhanced 70%, remained hotly large scale reduces in the work piece cutting, the low step shudder vanished nearly. Along with the cutting speed enhancement, unit time semifinished materials material removing rate increased, the cutting time reduced, the processing efficiency enhanced, thus reduced the product manufacture cycle, enhanced the product market competitive power. At the same time, the high speed processing small amount entered quickly causes the cutting force to reduce, the scrap high speed discharged reduced the work piece cutting force and the thermal load distorts, enhances the rigidity to be bad and the thin wall components machining possibility. Because cutting force reducing, the rotational speed enhancement causes the cutting system the operating frequency to be far away the engine bed the low step natural frequency, but the work piece surface roughness is most sensitive to the low step frequency, from this reduced the surface roughness. In mold high hard steel stock (HRC45HRC65) in the processing process, uses the high-speed cutting to be possible to substitute for the working procedure which the electrical finishing and rubs truncates polishes, thus has avoided the electrode manufacture and the time-consuming electrical finishing, large scale reduced fitters polishing with to throw the light quantity. Thin wall mold work piece more and more needs which regarding some markets in, the high speed milling also may smoothly complete, moreover in the high speed milling CNC processing center, a mold attire clamps may complete the multiplex step of processing.The high speed processing technology has had the huge influence to the mold processing craft, changed the traditional mold processing to use the annealing milling processing heat treatment to rub truncates or the electric spark machining manually polishes, polishes and so on the complex long technical process, even might use the high-speed cutting processing substitution original complete working procedure. The high speed processing technology besides may apply in the hard mold cavity direct processing (in particular half precision work and precision work), in EDM aspect and so on electrode processing, fast type manufacture also obtained the widespread application. The mass productions practice indicated that, the application high-speed cutting technology may save in the mold following processing 80% handwork to grind the time approximately, saves the processing cost expense nearly 30%, the mold face work precision may reach 1 m, the cutting tool cutting efficiency may enhance one time.Second, high speed milling processing engine bedThe high-speed cutting technology is one of machining technology main development directions, it along with foundation technology the and so on CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new material and new structure development but steps a higher stair. Because the mold processes particular as well as high speed processing technology own characteristic, (processed engine bed, numerical control system, cutting tool to the mold high speed processing related technology and the craft system and so on) proposed processed a higher request compared to the traditional mold.1.High stable engine bed strut partThe high-speed cutting engine bed lathe bed and so on supports the part to be supposed to have very well moves, the static rigidity, hot rigidity and best damping characteristic. The majority of engine beds all use high grade, the high rigidity and Gao Kangzhang the gray iron took the strut part material, some engine bed companies also increase the high damping characteristic in the foundation polymer concrete, by increases its vibration-proof and the thermostability, this not only may guarantee the engine bed precision is stable, also may prevent when cutting the cutting tool inspires trembles. Uses the enclosed lathe bed design, the overall casting lathe bed, the symmetrical lathe bed structure and has the densely covered stiffener and so on also enhances the engine bed stable important measure. Some engine bed companies research and development departments in design process, but also uses the modality analysis and the finite element structure computation and so on, optimized the structure, stably causes the engine bed strut part to be reliable.2.Engine bed main axleThe high speed engine bed main axle performance is the realization high-speed cutting processing important condition. The high-speed cutting engine bed main axle rotational speed scope is 10000100000m/Min, the main axle power is bigger than 15kW. Is not bigger than 0.005mm through the main axle compressed air of or axial play between the cooling system control hilt and the main axle. Also requests the main axle to have the fast vertical speed, to assign the performance which the position is fast stops (namely to have extremely high angle addition and subtraction speed), therefore the high speed main axle often uses the liquid static pressure bearing type, the air static pressure bearing type, the thermo-compression nitriding silicon (Si3N4) the ceramic bearing magnetism aerosol bearing type isostructuralism form. Lubricates uses technology and so on oil gas lubrication, splash lubrication. The main axle cools uses the main axle interior water cooling generally or air cooled.3.The engine bed actuates the systemIn order to satisfy the mold high speed processing the need, high speed processes the engine bed the actuation system to be supposed to have the following characteristic:(1) high entering for speed.The research indicated that, regarding the minor diameter cutting tool, enhances the rotational speed and each tooth enters for the quantity is advantageous in reduces the cutting tool attrition. At present commonly used entering for the speed range is 2030m/Min, like uses leads greatly the ball bearing guide screw transmission, enters may reach 60m/ for the speedMin; Uses the straight line electrical machinery then may enable to achieve 120m/ to the speedMin.(2) high acceleration.Has the good acceleration characteristic to the three dimensional complex curved surface silhouette high speed processing request actuation system, the request provides the driver which the high rapid advance or progress gives (to enter speed approximately 40m/ quicklyMin, the 3D outline processing speed is 10m/Min), can provide 0.4m/S2 to 10m/The s2 acceleration and reduces the speed.The engine bed manufacturer mostly uses the entire closed loop position servo-control slightly to lead, the great size, the high grade ball bearing guide screw or leads greatly many guide screws. Along with the electrical machinery technology development, the advanced straight line electric motor already was published, and the success applied in the CNC engine bed. The advanced straight line direct motor drive enable the CNC engine bed no longer to have the mass inertia, in advance, question and so on lag and vibration, sped up the servo speed of response, increased the servo-control precision and the engine bed processing precision.4.Numerical control systemThe advanced numerical control system is guaranteed the mold complex curved surface high speed processing quality and the efficiency key aspect, the mold high-speed cutting processing to the numerical control system basic request is: A. High speed numerical control return route (Digital control loop), including: 32 or above 64 bit parallel processors and 1.5Gb hard disk; Extremely short straight line electrical machinery sampling time. B. Speed and acceleration feed-forward control (Feed forward control); Digital actuation system crawling control (Jerk control).C. Advanced inserts makes up the method (to insert based on the NURBS transect makes up), by obtains the good surface quality, the precise size and the high geometry precision. D. Pretreatment (Look-ahead) function. The request has the large capacity cushion register, may read in advance and inspects many segments (for example the DMG engine bed to be possible to reach 500 segments, the Simens system may reach a 10002000 segment), in order to when is processed the superficial shape (curvature) changes may promptly adopt changes for measure and so on speed by avoids cutting and so on. E. The error compensatory function, including because the straight line electrical machinery, the main axle and so on gives off heat the hot error which causes to compensate, the quadrantal error compensates, the measurement system error compensates and so on the function. In addition, the mold high-speed cutting processing very is also high to the data transmission speed request. F. The traditional data connection, like the RS232 serial mouth transmission speed is 19.2kb, but many advanced processings centers have used the ether local area network (Ethernet) to carry on the data transmission, the speed may reach 200kb.5.Cooling lubricationThe high speed processing uses the belt coating the hard alloy tools, in high speed, the high temperature situation does not need the cutting compound, the cutting efficiency to be higher. This is because: The milling main axle high speed revolves, the cutting compound if achieved the cutting area, first must overcome the enormous centrifugal force; Even if it overcame the centrifugal force to enter the cutting area, also was possible as a result of the cutting area high temperature but to evaporate immediately, the cooling effect very small did not even have; At the same time the cutting compound can cause the cutting tool edge of a sword the temperature intense change, is easy to cause the crack the production, therefore must pick the oil used/Gas cooling lubrication dry type cutting way. This way may use the compressed gas rapidly the cutting which the cutting area produces, thus the massive cuttings hotly will carry off, at the same time might forms extremely thin microscopic protective film after the atomization lubricating oil in the cutting tool edge of a sword and the work piece surface, but effectively will lengthen the cutting tool life and enhances the components the surface quality.Third, high-speed cutting processing cutting toolThe cutting tool is in the high-speed cutting processing one of most active important factors, it is affecting the processing efficiency, the production cost and the product processing precision directly. The cutting tool must withstand load and so on high temperature, high pressure, friction, impact and vibration in the high speed processing process, the high-speed cutting cutting tool should have the good machine capability and the thermostability, namely has the good anti- impact, the wearability and resists heat the weary characteristic. The high-speed cutting processing cutting tool technological development speed is very quick, application many like diamonds (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic cutting tool, coating hard alloy, (carbon) titanium nitrides hard alloy TIC (N) and so on.In the processing cast iron and in the alloy steel cutting tool, the hard alloy is the most commonly used cutting tool material. Hard alloy tools resistance to wear good, but the solidity ratio cube boron nitride and the ceramics are low. In order to enhance degree of hardness and the superficially attractive fineness, uses the cutting tool coating technology, the coating material for the titanium nitrides (TiN), the aluminium nitride titanium (TiALN) and so on. The coating technology causes the coating by the sole coating development for multilayered, the many kinds of coating material coating, has become one of enhancement high-speed cutting ability essential technical. The diameter in the 1040mm scope, also has the carbon titanium nitrides coating the hard alloy bit to be able to process the Luo river degree of hardness to be smaller than 42 materials, but the titanium nitrides aluminum coating cutting tool can process the Luo river degree of hardness is 42 even higher materials. When high-speed cutting steel products, the cutting tool material should select the hot rigidity and the fatigue strength high P kind of hard alloy, the coating hard alloy, the cubic boron nitride (CBN) and the CBN compound cutting tool material (WBN) and so on. The cutting cast iron, should select the fine grain K kind of hard alloy to carry on the rough machining