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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)任務(wù)書(shū)(理工類(lèi))
學(xué)生姓名: 專(zhuān) 業(yè):機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí)
學(xué) 號(hào):
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目:
旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì)-2
題目來(lái)源
教師科研課 題
縱向課題(?。?
題目類(lèi)型
理論研究(?。?
注:請(qǐng)直接在所屬項(xiàng)目括號(hào)內(nèi)打“√”
橫向課題(√)
應(yīng)用研究( )
教師自擬課題( )
應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)(√?。?
學(xué)生自擬課題(?。?
其 他(?。?
總體設(shè)計(jì)要求及技術(shù)要點(diǎn):
1980年以后,電動(dòng)閥投入使用,?隨著酒閥的自動(dòng)化程度的提高,?整機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、液、氣控制系統(tǒng)、送蓋系統(tǒng)都做了改進(jìn)。目前,?世界含氣飲料灌裝壓蓋設(shè)備朝“高速度、高精度,?自動(dòng)化灌裝”?、“由繁到簡(jiǎn)”、“高質(zhì)量、保鮮灌裝”?、“低噪音”?、“兼用化”?五個(gè)方面發(fā)展。
旋蓋裝置是灌裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)上的一個(gè)重要部件。它的設(shè)計(jì)與制造的質(zhì)量直接關(guān)系到飲料灌裝產(chǎn)品的保鮮質(zhì)量,要求在密封過(guò)程中,減少成品被污染的機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí)旋蓋機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)也是提高生產(chǎn)效率、降低成本,減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的關(guān)鍵。
旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì)要求 ??封蓋機(jī)每旋轉(zhuǎn)一周,各沖頭在凸輪的控制下升降一個(gè)行程,由旋蓋頭自身的旋轉(zhuǎn)將瓶蓋旋緊在瓶口上使膠墊變形而達(dá)到密封。根據(jù)企業(yè)灌裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)要求和技術(shù)參數(shù),完成設(shè)計(jì)。要求結(jié)構(gòu)合理、工藝可行。
工作環(huán)境及技術(shù)條件:
在環(huán)境溫度在20度的情況下,能一次純凈水或飲料灌裝于飲料瓶中并封蓋.
工作內(nèi)容及最終成果:
工作內(nèi)容:
1. 課題調(diào)研,完成開(kāi)題、外文資料翻譯、文獻(xiàn)綜述;
2. 對(duì)旋蓋機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì);
3. 設(shè)計(jì)并繪制一張總裝圖中的所有非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件;
4. 編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。
最終成果:
1. 開(kāi)題報(bào)告、外文資料翻譯、文獻(xiàn)綜述各一份;
2. 總裝圖一份;
3. 其中一張總裝圖中所有非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件的零件圖;
4. 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一冊(cè)。
時(shí)間進(jìn)度安排:
布置設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),理解熟悉設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。 0.5周
查閱資料,撰寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述,并翻譯外文資料; 0.5周
撰寫(xiě)開(kāi)題報(bào)告,完成開(kāi)題; 1周
準(zhǔn)備各類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)資料,熟悉零件圖,并繪制零件圖: 1周
對(duì)旋蓋器的整體設(shè)計(jì); 1周
完成旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì); 1周
關(guān)鍵零件的計(jì)算、校核,完成相應(yīng)圖紙; 1周
設(shè)計(jì)并繪制整套零件圖; 1周
完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份; 1周
其它時(shí)間:機(jī)動(dòng)處理,比如臨時(shí)放假、整理打印圖紙、打印裝訂分析報(bào)告,答辯準(zhǔn)備等。 1周
指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 年 月 日
教研室主任意見(jiàn):
教研室主任簽字: 年 月 日
本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文)
外 文 翻 譯
原 文 標(biāo) 題
Mechanical seal performance and a new technical
innovation
譯 文 標(biāo) 題
機(jī)械密封的性能及新型技術(shù)改造
作者所在系別
機(jī)電工程學(xué)院
作者所在專(zhuān)業(yè)
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
作者所在班級(jí)
作 者 姓 名
作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng)
企業(yè)指導(dǎo)教師
完 成 時(shí) 間
譯文標(biāo)題
機(jī)械密封的性能及新型技術(shù)改造
原文標(biāo)題
Mechanical seal performance and a new technical innovation
作 者
Masayuki INABA
譯 名
美男雅之
國(guó) 籍
日本
原文出處
University of Tokyo
譯文:
摘要:論文分析機(jī)械密封工作的基本原理,并且探討在各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中怎樣提高機(jī)械密封的性能和注意事項(xiàng),簡(jiǎn)要介紹幾種先進(jìn)密封技術(shù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)械密封性能,注意事項(xiàng),先進(jìn)密封技術(shù)
由于傳動(dòng)軸貫穿在設(shè)備內(nèi)外,這樣軸與設(shè)備之間存在一個(gè)圓周間隙,設(shè)備中的介質(zhì)通過(guò)該間隙向外泄露,如果設(shè)備內(nèi)壓力低于大氣壓,則空氣向設(shè)備內(nèi)泄露,因此必須有一個(gè)阻止泄露的軸封裝置。軸封的種類(lèi)很多,由于機(jī)械密封具有泄漏量少和壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),所以是當(dāng)今世界上最主要的軸密封方式。
機(jī)械密封主要是通過(guò)一系列零件將徑向密封轉(zhuǎn)化為軸向密封,在彈簧和介質(zhì)壓力共同作用下,對(duì)由于設(shè)備運(yùn)行所造成的軸向磨損可以及時(shí)補(bǔ)償,使軸向密封始終保持貼合。其密封性能和使用壽命取決于許多因素,如選型、機(jī)器的精度以及在安裝、啟動(dòng)前、運(yùn)行和停運(yùn)后的維護(hù)操作等。
1. 選型
機(jī)械密封按工作條件和介質(zhì)性質(zhì)的不同,有耐高溫、耐低溫機(jī)械密封,耐顆粒介質(zhì)機(jī)械密封和適應(yīng)易汽化的輕質(zhì)烴介質(zhì)的機(jī)械密封等,應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的用處選取不同結(jié)構(gòu)型式和材料的機(jī)械密封。在安裝與使用中要根據(jù)機(jī)械密封的要求選擇機(jī)器的精度,按轉(zhuǎn)軸的旋向來(lái)選擇彈簧的左、右旋。
2. 安裝
安裝方法隨機(jī)械密封型式、機(jī)器的種類(lèi)不同而有所不同,但其安裝要領(lǐng)幾乎都相同,安裝步驟和注意事項(xiàng)如下:
2.1 安裝尺寸的正確確定。
2.2 裝入前,軸(軸套)、壓蓋應(yīng)無(wú)毛刺,軸承狀況良好;密封件、軸、密封腔、壓蓋都應(yīng)該清洗干凈。為減少摩擦阻力,軸上安裝機(jī)械密封的部位要薄薄地涂上一層油,以進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑,考慮到橡膠O形圈的相溶性,若不宜用油,可涂肥皂水。浮裝式靜環(huán)不帶防轉(zhuǎn)銷(xiāo)的結(jié)構(gòu),不宜涂油,應(yīng)干式裝入壓蓋。
2.3 先將靜環(huán)與壓蓋一起裝在軸上,注意不要與軸相碰,然后將動(dòng)環(huán)組件裝入。彈簧座或傳動(dòng)座的緊定螺釘應(yīng)分幾次均勻擰緊。
3. 啟動(dòng)前的準(zhǔn)備工作及注意事項(xiàng)
3.1 全面檢查機(jī)械密封,機(jī)械密封啟動(dòng)前進(jìn)行靜壓試驗(yàn),檢查是否有泄漏現(xiàn)象。
3.2 啟動(dòng)前應(yīng)保持密封腔內(nèi)充滿(mǎn)液體。對(duì)于輸送凝固的介質(zhì)時(shí),應(yīng)用蒸氣將密封腔加熱使介質(zhì)熔化按泵旋向盤(pán)車(chē),檢查是否輕快均勻。如盤(pán)車(chē)吃力或不動(dòng)時(shí),則應(yīng)檢查裝配尺寸是否錯(cuò)誤,安裝是否合理。
4. 運(yùn)行中的維護(hù)
4.1 當(dāng)輸送介質(zhì)溫度偏高、過(guò)低、或含有雜質(zhì)顆粒、易燃、易爆、有毒時(shí),必須采取相應(yīng)的阻封、沖洗、冷卻、過(guò)濾等措施。
4.2 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)前用手盤(pán)車(chē),注意轉(zhuǎn)矩是否過(guò)大,有無(wú)擦碰及不正常的聲音。
4.3 注意旋向,聯(lián)軸器是否對(duì)中,軸承部位的潤(rùn)滑油加法是否適當(dāng),配管是否正確。
4.4 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)前首先將介質(zhì)、冷卻水閥門(mén)打開(kāi),檢查密封腔內(nèi)的氣體是否全排出,防止靜壓引起泄漏,然后開(kāi)機(jī)運(yùn)行。
4.5 開(kāi)車(chē)后是否正常穩(wěn)定,有無(wú)因軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)引起的異常轉(zhuǎn)矩,以及異常響聲和過(guò)熱現(xiàn)象。
5. 停運(yùn)
5.1 對(duì)于用泵外封油系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械密封,應(yīng)先啟動(dòng)封油系統(tǒng)。停車(chē)后最后停止封油系統(tǒng)。
5.2 熱油泵停運(yùn)后不能馬上停止封油腔及端面密封的冷卻水,應(yīng)待端面密封處油溫降到80度以下時(shí),才可以停止冷卻水,以免損壞密封零件[3]。
6. 新型技術(shù)改造
為了提高機(jī)械密封的可靠性和壽命,降低磨損,出現(xiàn)了采用新材料和新工藝的各種機(jī)械密封技術(shù)。目前先進(jìn)的機(jī)械密封應(yīng)用技術(shù)主要有密封端面改形技術(shù)、控制平衡比密封技術(shù)、組合密封技術(shù)和可控機(jī)械密封技術(shù)等,都可以改變機(jī)械密封的性能。
下面主要介紹一下密封端面改形技術(shù)。密封端面改形技術(shù)就是通過(guò)在密封端面上開(kāi)各種形式的槽來(lái)改善端面件的潤(rùn)滑情況,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械密封的長(zhǎng)壽命運(yùn)行,它是當(dāng)今機(jī)械密封領(lǐng)域的高新技術(shù)。
6.1 干氣密封技術(shù)
外側(cè)加工有均勻分布的2.5-10um的動(dòng)壓槽,當(dāng)東環(huán)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),流體動(dòng)壓槽把外側(cè)的高壓隔離氣體泵入密封端面之間,由外徑至槽根部氣膜壓力逐漸增加,而自槽根部至內(nèi)徑處氣膜壓力逐漸下降,因端面膜壓增加使所形成德?tīng)栭_(kāi)啟力大于作用在密封環(huán)上的閉合力,在摩擦副之間形成很薄的一層氣膜,從而使米粉工作在非接觸狀態(tài)下,所形成的氣膜完全阻塞了相對(duì)低壓的密封介質(zhì)泄露通道,實(shí)現(xiàn)了密封介質(zhì)的零泄露。
這種密封運(yùn)行無(wú)磨損,功耗小;泄露量小,可實(shí)現(xiàn)零泄露;結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,無(wú)需復(fù)雜的油封系統(tǒng),安裝維護(hù)費(fèi)用低;系統(tǒng)可靠,可實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)周期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。
干氣密封端面的槽形主要分單旋向和雙旋向兩類(lèi)。單旋向槽形只可使用于單向旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備,在要求的旋向下才可產(chǎn)生開(kāi)啟力,如反轉(zhuǎn)則產(chǎn)生負(fù)的開(kāi)啟力而可能導(dǎo)致密封的損壞。但相對(duì)于雙旋向的槽形,它可形成更大的開(kāi)啟力和氣膜剛度,產(chǎn)生更高的穩(wěn)定性而更可靠的防止端面接觸。故在很低的轉(zhuǎn)速下和較大的振動(dòng)下也可使用,在目前也是使用最多的。雙向槽無(wú)旋向要求,正反轉(zhuǎn)皆可使用。轉(zhuǎn)子的反轉(zhuǎn)不會(huì)造成密封的損壞。其使用范圍較單旋向槽寬,但其穩(wěn)定性、抗干擾能力較單向旋向差。
6.2 上游泵送密封
上游泵送密封的工作原理與干氣密封類(lèi)似,是借助密封環(huán)斷面內(nèi)側(cè)開(kāi)設(shè)的流體動(dòng)壓槽在旋轉(zhuǎn)條件下的粘性剪切作用把液體泵入密封端面之間,使液膜的壓力增加并把兩密封端面分開(kāi);與干氣密封不同之處在于,上游泵送密封的端面液體動(dòng)壓槽式把由高壓側(cè)泄露至低壓側(cè)的被密封液體重新反輸志高壓側(cè),以消除密封介質(zhì)由高壓側(cè)想低壓側(cè)的泄露。
6.3 端面開(kāi)深槽流體靜壓型機(jī)械密封
端面開(kāi)深槽流體靜壓型機(jī)械密封是在密封端面上開(kāi)出幾組深度達(dá)幾毫米的凹槽或孔和壓力介質(zhì)引入孔,將密封流體或外界潤(rùn)滑流體引入密封端面,從而對(duì)密封端面進(jìn)行充分潤(rùn)滑和冷卻。在結(jié)構(gòu)上有自加壓凹槽式和外加壓凹槽式等。自加壓凹槽式在非旋轉(zhuǎn)的外周開(kāi)若干個(gè)小孔并與端面開(kāi)出的環(huán)形凹槽相通,從而將被密封的壓力介質(zhì)引入密封端面;外加壓凹槽式非旋轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)圓周外的小孔不與密封介質(zhì)相通,而與外界起潤(rùn)滑作用的流體源相通,將外界流體引入密封端面進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑和冷卻。端面開(kāi)深槽流體靜壓型機(jī)械密封,由于壓力介質(zhì)引入端面,平衡了閉合力,從而使兩端面分開(kāi)成為非接觸型機(jī)械密封,盡管泄漏量比較大,一般為每小時(shí)幾百毫升,遠(yuǎn)大于常規(guī)機(jī)械密封泄漏量,但仍廣泛用于高壓、高速、高溫等普通機(jī)械密封難于勝任的工況。
為了揭示機(jī)械密封有關(guān)規(guī)律,提高機(jī)械密封端面參數(shù)測(cè)試的可靠性與研究是關(guān)鍵。納米材料的特殊性能有助于改善機(jī)械密封端面間潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài),開(kāi)發(fā)納米材料機(jī)械密封和應(yīng)用納米沖洗液將是機(jī)械密封研究的近期目標(biāo)。隨著經(jīng)驗(yàn)的完善和技術(shù)的發(fā)展,機(jī)械密封將越來(lái)越成熟,逐步走向零泄露,長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。
原文:
Abstract: the paper analyses the basic principle of mechanical seal, and discusses how to improve the performance of mechanical seals in each link and the matters needing attention, several advanced seal technology are briefly introduced.
Key words: mechanical seals, Performance Matters, needing attention, Advanced sealing technology
Due to the drive shaft through both inside and outside the equipment, so there is a circumferential clearance between shaft and equipment, equipment of medium leak out through the gap, if the device internal pressure below atmospheric pressure, the air to leak inside equipment, so there must be a stop leaking of shaft seal device. Many different kinds of shaft seal, mechanical seal has the advantages of less leakage and long service life, so is the main shaft seal way in the world today.
Mainly through a series of mechanical seal parts axial radial seal can be converted to seal, in the spring and medium pressure, under the function of the equipment operation caused by the axial wear can timely compensation, make the axial seal always stay fit. The sealing performance and service life depends on many factors, such as type selection, the precision of the machine, and before the installation, start-up, operation and shut down after the maintenance operation, etc.
1. The selection of
Mechanical seal according to the working conditions and the properties of medium, there are high temperature resistant, resistant to low temperature mechanical seal, granular medium resistance of mechanical seal and adapt easy vaporization of light hydrocarbon medium mechanical seal, etc., should choose different according to different use of the structural type and materials of mechanical seal. In the installation and use to select according to the requirement of the mechanical seal the precision of the machine, according to the axis of rotation always choose spring left and right hand.
2. Install
Installation method according to the mechanical seal type and the type of machine is different, but the installation essentials are almost the same, the installation steps and matters needing attention are as follows:
2.1 installation of right determine size.
2.2 prior to loading, axial (collar), gland should be no burr, bearing in good condition; Seal, shaft, sealing cavity, gland should be cleaned. In order to reduce frictional resistance, and shaft installed on mechanical seal parts to thin coated with oil, for lubrication, considering the intermiscibility of rubber o-ring, if not oil, can besmear soap and water. Without a stop pin float mounted static ring structure, not oil, should be dry load a gland.
2.3 to static ring mounted on the shaft with gland, be careful not to into the shaft, then load ring components. Spring bridge or transmission of evenly tighten the set screws should be several times.
3. Before the start of the preparation work and the matters needing attention
3.1 overall check mechanical seal, mechanical seal before the start of hydrostatic test, check whether there is leakage phenomenon.
3.2 before the start of sealed cavity filled with liquid shall be maintained. For solidification of the medium, the application of steam seal chamber heating melt medium according to the pump rotate to turning, check whether the light evenly. Such as turning demanding or not move, should check whether assembly size error, installation is reasonable.
4. The running maintenance
4.1 when the temperature of the medium to high, low, or containing impurity particles, inflammable, explosive, toxic, must adopt corresponding resistance sealing and flushing, cooling, filtering and other measures.
4.2 before turning by hand operation, pay attention to whether the torque is too big, any scratch and abnormal sound.
4.3 turn to pay attention to, and whether the coupling of, the bearing parts of the lubricating oil additive is appropriate, piping is correct.
4.4 before the first operation will be medium, the cooling water valve is open, check the gas in the sealed cavity is completely discharge, to prevent leaks by static pres
4.5 is normal after driving stability, have without shaft turning caused by abnormal torque, as well as the abnormal noise and overheating.
5. Stop
5.1 with WaiFeng oil pump system of mechanical seal, should start the seal oil system. Stop after the last stop in sealing system.
5.2 hot oil pump shut down not immediately stop after the oil seal cavity and end face seal cooling water, should be end face seal oil temperature has dropped below 80 degrees, can stop the cooling water, so as not to damage sealing parts .
6. New technological upgrading
In order to improve the reliability and life of the mechanical seal, reduce wear and tear, the adoption of new materials and new technology of all kinds of mechanical seal technology. Has the advanced mechanical seals used technology mainly have the seals to shape, control balance ratio sealing technology, combined sealing technology and controllable mechanical seal technology, etc., can change the mechanical seal performance.
Here mainly introduce the seals fractal technology. Seal face to fractal technology is through the various forms of trough on seal face to improve the face lubrication conditions, so as to realize the long life of mechanical seal, it is a high and new technology in the field of mechanical seal today.
6.1 a dry gas seal technology
Dry gas seal is a slotted sealing technology used in gas sealing, belongs to the non-contact seal. On the outside of a sealing ring end face of dry gas seal processing has a uniform distribution of dynamic pressure groove of 2.5-10 um, as east ring rotates, fluid dynamic pressure groove to the outside of the high voltage isolation between gases pumped into the seals, gas film from the outside diameter to the groove root pressure increase gradually, and the groove root of air film pressure gradually decreases from the inner diameter, because the face film formed by the pressure increase del open force is greater than the effect on the sealing ring closing force, between friction pair in the formation of a thin layer of gas film, so that the rice noodles work in non contact mode, the formation of the gas film completely blocked the relatively low pressure sealing medium leakage channel, to achieve zero leakage of sealing medium.
The sealing run without wear and tear, low consumption; Leak quantity is small, which can realize zero leakage; Structure is relatively simple, no complicated oil seal system, the low cost of installation and maintenance; System is reliable, which can realize stable operation for a long period of time.
Trough the main points of dry gas seal face of single screw and twin twist to the two classes. Single screw to the trough can be used only in unidirectional rotating rotating equipment, in spin down before the requirements can produce open, such as inversion produces negative and may cause the damage of seal opening force. But relative to the twin twist to the channel, it can form a bigger opening force and film stiffness, higher stability and more reliable protection against contact face. Reason under the low speed and large vibration can also be used, in the present is the most used. A two-way channel to require irrotational, positive &negative all can use. The reversal of the rotor will not result in damage to seal. The use scope is single screw to the groove width, but its stability, anti-interference ability is ChanXiangXuan to the poor.
6.2 the upstream pumping seal
Working principle of upstream pumping seal and dry gas seal, is by opening the seal ring cross section inside the fluid dynamic pressure groove under the condition of the rotation of the viscous shearing action between pumping the liquid seal face, make the liquid film pressure increases and separate the two seal face; Differs, dry gas seal and upstream pumping seal end of fluid dynamic pressure groove reveal your is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the sealed fluid to lose ambition high side, in order to eliminate the sealing medium is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the leak.
6.3 face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal
Face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal is on the seal face a few group of groove depth of a few millimeters or holes and pressure medium into the hole, the seal fluid or external lubrication fluid is introduced into the seals, and thus sufficient lubrication and cooling of the seals. In structure with the pressure groove and pressure groove outside, etc. Since the pressure groove type several small opening in the non-rotating peripheral and and end face of the ring grooves are interlinked, thus introducing the pressure of seal medium sealing end surface; Outside pressure groove type of rotating ring circumferential outer holes and sealing medium are interlinked, and lubrication fluid source communicates with the outside world, introducing the fluid seals for lubrication and cooling. Face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal, because of the pressure medium is face, balance the closing force, so that two separate become a non-contact type mechanical seal, despite leakage is larger, general hundred milliliters per hour, far more than the conventional mechanical seal leakage, but it is still widely used in ordinary mechanical seal of high pressure, high speed and high temperature, working condition is difficult to do it.
In order to reveal the mechanical seal related laws, improve the reliability of parameters of mechanical seal face test and research is the key. Special properties of nanomaterials is helpful to improve the lubrication condition between the mechanical seal face, development of nano-materials mechanical seal mechanical seal research and application of nano rinses will be short-term goals. With the improvement of the experience and the development of technology, mechanical seal will be more and more mature, step by step towards zero leakage, long-term stable operation.
指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評(píng) 語(yǔ)
外文翻譯成績(jī):
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注:1. 指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行評(píng)閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面:①翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的主題是否高度相關(guān),并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的參考文獻(xiàn);②翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量(3 000字以上);③譯文語(yǔ)言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。
2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。
11
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1.根據(jù)學(xué)?!懂厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定》,學(xué)生必須撰寫(xiě)《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告》。開(kāi)題報(bào)告作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。
2.開(kāi)題報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下,由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在專(zhuān)業(yè)教研室論證審查后生效。開(kāi)題報(bào)告不合格者需重做。
3.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是,逐條認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),語(yǔ)言通順,外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫(xiě)詞,須注出全稱(chēng)。
4.開(kāi)題報(bào)告中除最后一頁(yè)外均由學(xué)生填寫(xiě),填寫(xiě)各欄目時(shí)可根據(jù)內(nèi)容另加附頁(yè)。
5.閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上(土建類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減),其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專(zhuān)業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。
6.參考文獻(xiàn)的書(shū)寫(xiě)應(yīng)遵循畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范要求。
7.開(kāi)題報(bào)告應(yīng)與文獻(xiàn)綜述、一篇外文譯文和外文原文復(fù)印件同時(shí)提交,文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫(xiě)格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范的要求,字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
學(xué)生姓名
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課題來(lái)源
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旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì)-2
本設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)依據(jù)
(科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景,國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況,目前技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等)
旋蓋機(jī)是自動(dòng)灌裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)的主要設(shè)備之一,旋蓋頭是控制封蓋的部件。廣泛用于玻璃瓶或PET 瓶的螺紋蓋封口。由于螺紋蓋具有封口快捷、開(kāi)啟方便及開(kāi)啟后瓶又可重新旋上瓶蓋等優(yōu)點(diǎn),所以一些不含氣的液料,諸如飲料、酒類(lèi)、調(diào)味料等類(lèi)似瓶包裝的封口中大量采用螺紋蓋封口。 為了適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代包裝機(jī)高速、高效和高可靠性生產(chǎn)的需要,在廣泛吸收國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)機(jī)型的基礎(chǔ)上,本課題設(shè)計(jì)了旋蓋頭。它靠異步電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)傳送帶實(shí)現(xiàn)瓶子的輸入和輸出,中間在傳送帶上部巧妙地安置了轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán),給旋蓋工作帶來(lái)很大的便利,也大大提高了效率,旋蓋裝置更是此次設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵部件,靠步進(jìn)電機(jī)帶動(dòng)空心軸以及其下部的桿機(jī)構(gòu)旋轉(zhuǎn),同時(shí)由下部的氣缸帶動(dòng)整個(gè)裝置上下運(yùn)動(dòng)兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)合成實(shí)現(xiàn)了旋蓋過(guò)程。不但結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單明了,操作方便而且本課題的設(shè)計(jì),具有定位準(zhǔn)確、旋蓋可靠、運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)、無(wú)噪音和不傷瓶蓋等優(yōu)點(diǎn),克服了傳統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn),總體上達(dá)到了我們預(yù)期設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)。
60年代始,在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的德國(guó)、意大利、日本等國(guó)家,已相繼研制出半自動(dòng)、全自動(dòng)理蓋機(jī),后來(lái)在結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)型方面,還不斷作了改進(jìn)和 完善,其中最顯著的是磁力回轉(zhuǎn)式王冠理蓋機(jī),作為供送系統(tǒng)的一種,在灌裝機(jī)械方面有廣泛的應(yīng)用。 到70年代,西德勒斯(MOLLERS)公司于1976年在瓶蓋同向排列設(shè)計(jì)上,為了快速,連續(xù)的生產(chǎn),發(fā)明了在瓶蓋進(jìn)入旋蓋機(jī)前用專(zhuān)門(mén)的設(shè)備將其同向列,單列輸出的技術(shù)從80年代初期開(kāi)始,我國(guó)大型飲料企業(yè)先后從日本、西德和意大利等國(guó)家引進(jìn)了幾十臺(tái)飲料自動(dòng)化理蓋機(jī)設(shè)備。其中除了從西德勒斯(MOLLERS)公司和意大利OCME公司引進(jìn)幾臺(tái)外,其余大部分理蓋機(jī)均系從日本OKURA公司和不二公司進(jìn)口的。
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設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和預(yù)期成果
(具體設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和重點(diǎn)解決的技術(shù)問(wèn)題、預(yù)期成果和提供的形式)
1、進(jìn)行課題調(diào)研,消化課題設(shè)計(jì)所需的理論知識(shí)。
2、查閱相關(guān)資料,完成開(kāi)題、外文資料翻譯、文獻(xiàn)綜述。
3、進(jìn)行理論分析,熟悉零件圖,并繪制零件圖。
4、完成旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì)。
5、關(guān)鍵零件的計(jì)算、校核,完成相應(yīng)圖紙。
6、設(shè)計(jì)并繪制整套零件圖。
7、撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)論文,進(jìn)行畢業(yè)答辯。
擬采取設(shè)計(jì)方法和技術(shù)支持
(設(shè)計(jì)方案、技術(shù)要求、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和步驟、可能遇到的問(wèn)題和解決辦法等)
技術(shù)方案及技術(shù)要求:
? 封蓋機(jī)每旋轉(zhuǎn)一周,各沖頭在凸輪的控制下升降一個(gè)行程,由旋蓋頭自身的旋轉(zhuǎn)將瓶蓋旋緊在瓶口上使膠墊變形而達(dá)到密封。
實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和步驟:
1.到廊坊百冠包裝設(shè)備制造總公司進(jìn)行參觀,擬訂總體方案。??
2.掌握旋蓋頭的主要工作流程。???
3.了解旋蓋頭理的工作原理。????
4.對(duì)旋蓋頭整體設(shè)計(jì)。? ?
5.在老師的指導(dǎo)下檢查是否符合總體方案的要求,修改不合理的地方。提供形式為圖紙。
可能遇到的問(wèn)題和解決辦法等:
1.通過(guò)去圖書(shū)館查閱資料和網(wǎng)上查找一些相關(guān)知識(shí)來(lái)了解一些旋蓋頭構(gòu)造。
2.通過(guò)向老師咨詢(xún)和工廠師傅交流,解決一些原理上和結(jié)構(gòu)上的一些難題。
3.通過(guò)上網(wǎng)搜索一些關(guān)于的知識(shí),解決旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì)的難題。
現(xiàn)本項(xiàng)目預(yù)期目標(biāo)和已具備的條件
(包括過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)、研究工作基礎(chǔ),現(xiàn)有主要儀器設(shè)備、設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境及協(xié)作條件等)
預(yù)期目標(biāo):
灌裝于飲料瓶中并封蓋最后由送蓋機(jī)構(gòu)將瓶蓋按生產(chǎn)要求的節(jié)拍依次送入封口機(jī)的機(jī)頭中,完成瓶口的封口工作.在此過(guò)程中,減少了成品被污染的機(jī)會(huì),使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量大大提高.減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。
已具備條件:
1、通過(guò)大學(xué)期間的學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方面的知識(shí)有了一定的儲(chǔ)備,學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)《工程圖學(xué)》、《機(jī)械原理》、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》等課程,多次的課程設(shè)計(jì)也讓我們具有了一定的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
2、掌握solidworks,CAD等三維設(shè)計(jì)軟件的使用方法。
3、.到廊坊百冠包裝設(shè)備制造總公司進(jìn)行參觀,擬訂總體方案。
4、在圖書(shū)館查到的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)
各環(huán)節(jié)擬定階段性工作進(jìn)度
(以周為單位)
布置設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),理解熟悉設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。 1周
查閱資料,撰寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述,并翻譯外文資料; 2周
撰寫(xiě)開(kāi)題報(bào)告,完成開(kāi)題; 3周
準(zhǔn)備各類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)資料,熟悉零件圖,并繪制零件圖: 4周
對(duì)旋蓋器的整體設(shè)計(jì); 5周
完成旋蓋頭設(shè)計(jì); 6-7周
關(guān)鍵零件的計(jì)算、校核,完成相應(yīng)圖紙; 8-9周
設(shè)計(jì)并繪制整套零件圖; 10-11周
完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份; 12-13周
整理打印圖紙和說(shuō)明書(shū),準(zhǔn)備答辯 14周
開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告 審 定 紀(jì) 要
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況
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指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 年 月 日
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