大學(xué)宿舍管理系統(tǒng)Web版畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯

《大學(xué)宿舍管理系統(tǒng)Web版畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《大學(xué)宿舍管理系統(tǒng)Web版畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯（12頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 英文文獻(xiàn)及中文翻譯 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)號： 學(xué) 院： 專 業(yè)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 中北大學(xué)2014屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文文獻(xiàn)譯文 The Java Programming Language And Platform The Java programming languag

2、e and platform have emerged as major technologies for performing e-business functions. Java programming standards have enabled portability of applications and the reuse of application components across computing platforms. Sun Microsystems' Java Community Process continues to be a strong base for th

3、e growth of the Java infrastructure and language standards. This growth of open standards creates new opportunities for designers and developers of applications and services . Applications of Java Java uses many familiar programming concepts and constructs and allows portability by providing a co

4、mmon interface through an external Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A virtual machine is a self-contained operating environment, created by a software layer that behaves as if it were a separate computer. Benefits of creating virtual machines include better exploitation of powerful computing resources an

5、d isolation of applications to prevent cross-corruption and improve security. The JVM allows computing devices with limited processors or memory to handle more advanced applications by calling up software instructions inside the JVM to perform most of the work. This also reduces the size and comple

6、xity of Java applications because many of the core functions and processing instructions were built into the JVM. As a result, software developers no longer need to re-create the same application for every operating system. Java also provides security by instructing the application to interact with

7、the virtual machine, which served as a barrier between applications and the core system, effectively protecting systems from malicious code. Among other things, Java is tailor-made for the growing Internet because it makes it easy to develop new, dynamic applications that could make the most of the

8、 Internet's power and capabilities. Java is now an open standard, meaning that no single entity controls its development and the tools for writing programs in the language are available to everyone. The power of open standards like Java is the ability to break down barriers and speed up progress. T

9、oday, you can find Java technology in networks and devices that range from the Internet and scientific supercomputers to laptops and cell phones, from Wall Street market simulators to home game players and credit cards. There are over 3 million Java developers and now there are several versions of t

10、he code. Most large corporations have in-house Java developers. In addition, the majority of key software vendors use Java in their commercial applications (Lazaridis, 2003). Applications Java on the World Wide Web Java has found a place on some of the most popular websites in the world and the

11、 uses of Java continues to grow. Java applications not only provide unique user interfaces, they also help to power the backend of websites. Everybody is probably familiar with eBay and Amazon have been Java pioneers on the World Wide Web. eBay Founded in 1995, eBay enables e-commerce on a local,

12、 national and international basis with an array of Web sites.You can find it on eBay, even if you didn't know it existed. On a typical day, more than 100 million items are listed on eBay in tens of thousands of categories. on eBay; the world's largest online marketplace. eBay uses Java almost every

13、where. To address some security issues, eBay chose Sun Microsystems' Java System Identity Manager as the platform for revamping its identity management system. The task at hand was to provide identity management for more than 12,000 eBay employees and contractors. Now more than a thousand eBay soft

14、ware developers work daily with Java applications. Java's inherent portability allows eBay to move to new hardware to take advantage of new technology, packaging, or pricing, without having to rewrite Java code. Amazon A has created a Web Service application that enables users to browse their pro

15、duct catalog and place orders. A uses a Java application that searches the Amazon catalog for books whose subject matches a user-selected topic. The application displays ten books that match the chosen topic, and shows the author name, book title, list price, Amazon discount price, and the cover ico

16、n. The user may optionally view one review per displayed title and make a buying decision. Java in Data Warehousing & Mining Although many companies currently benefit from data warehousing to support corporate decision making, new business intelligence approaches continue to emerge that can be po

17、wered by Java technology. Applications such as data warehousing, data mining, Enterprise Information Portals and Knowledge Management Systems are able to provide insight into customer retention, purchasing patterns, and even future buying behavior. These applications can not only tell what has happ

18、ened but why and what may happen given certain business conditions; As a result of this information growth, people at all levels inside the enterprise, as well as suppliers, customers, and others in the value chain, are clamoring for subsets of the vast stores of information to help them make busine

19、ss decisions. While collecting and storing vast amounts of data is one thing, utilizing and deploying that data throughout the organization is another. The technical challenges inherent in integrating disparate data formats, platforms, and applications are significant. However, emerging standards s

20、uch as the Application Programming Interfaces that comprise the Java platform, as well as Extendable Markup Language technologies can facilitate the interchange of data and the development of next generation data warehousing and business intelligence applications. While Java technology has been used

21、 extensively for client side access and to presentation layer challenges, it is rapidly emerging as a significant tool for developing scaleable server side programs. The Java2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) provides the object, transaction, and security support for building such systems. Metad

22、ata Issues One of the key issues that business intelligence developers must solve is that of incompatible metadata formats. Metadata can be defined as information about data or simply "data about data." In practice, metadata is what most tools, databases, applications, and other information proces

23、ses use to define, relate, and manipulate data objects within their own environments. It defines the structure and meaning of data objects managed by an application so that the application knows how to process requests or jobs involving those data objects. Developers can use this schema to create vi

24、ews for users. Also, users can browse the schema to better understand the structure and function of the database tables before launching a query. To address the metadata issue, a group of companies have joined to develop the Java Metadata Interface (JMI) API. The JMI API permits the access and mani

25、pulation of metadata in Java with standard metadata services. JMI is based on the Meta Object Facility (MOF) specification from the Object Management Group (OMG). The MOF provides a model and a set of interfaces for the creation, storage, access, Metamodel and metadata interchange is done via XML an

26、d uses the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) specification, also from the OMG. JMI leverages Java technology to create an end-to-end data warehousing and business intelligence solutions framework. Enterprise JavaBeans A key tool provided by J2EE is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), an architecture for the

27、 development of component-based distributed business applications. Applications written using the EJB architecture are scalable, transactional, secure, and multi-user aware. These applications may be written once and then deployed on any server platform that supports J2EE. The EJB architecture makes

28、 it easy for developers to write components, since they do not need to understand or deal with complex, system-level details such as thread management, resource pooling, and transaction and security management. This allows for role-based development where component assemblers, platform providers and

29、 application assemblers can focus on their area of responsibility further simplifying application development. Data Storage & Access Data stored in existing applications can be accessed with specialized connectors. Integration and interoperability of these data sources is further enabled by the m

30、etadata repository that contains metamodels of the data contained in the sources, which then can be accessed and interchanged uniformly via the JMI API. These metamodels capture the essential structure and semantics of business components, allowing them to be accessed and queried via the JMI API or

31、to be interchanged via XML. Through all of these processes, the J2EE infrastructure ensures the security and integrity of the data through transaction management and propagation and the underlying security architecture. To consolidate historical information for analysis of sales and marketing trend

32、s, a data warehouse is often the best solution. In this example, data can be extracted from the operational systems with a variety of Extract, Transform and Load tools (ETL). The metamodels allow EJBs designed for filtering, transformation, and consolidation of data to operate uniformly on data from

33、 diverse data sources as the bean is able to query the metamodel to identify and extract the pertinent fields. Queries and reports can be run against the data warehouse that contains information from numerous sources in a consistent, enterprise-wide fashion through the use of the JMI API. Java in I

34、ndustrial Settings Many people know Java only as a tool on the World Wide Web that enables sites to perform some of their fancier functions such as interactivity and animation. However, the actual uses for Java are much more widespread. Since Java is an object-oriented language, the time needed fo

35、r application development is minimal. In addition, Java's automatic memory management and lack of pointers remove some leading causes of programming errors. Most importantly, application developers do not need to create different versions of the software for different platforms. The advantages ava

36、ilable through Java have even found their way into hardware. The emerging new Java devices are streamlined systems that exploit network servers for much of their processing power, storage, content, and administration. Benefits of Java The benefits of Java translate across many industries, and som

37、e are specific to the control and automation environment. Java's ability to run on any platform enables the organization to make use of the existing equipment while enhancing the application. Integration With few exceptions, applications running on the factory floor were never intended to exchang

38、e information with systems in the executive office, but managers have recently discovered the need for that type of information. Before Java, that often meant bringing together data from systems written on different platforms in different languages at different times. Integration was usually done on

39、 a piecemeal basis, once it worked, was unique to the two applications it was tying together. Additional integration required developing a brand new system from scratch, raising the cost of integration. Scalability Another benefit of Java in the industrial environment is its scalability. Even whe

40、n internal compatibility is not an issue, companies often face difficulties when suppliers with whom they share information have incompatible systems. This becomes more of a problem as supply-chain management takes on a more critical role which requires manufacturers to interact more with offshore s

41、uppliers and clients. The greatest efficiency comes when all systems can communicate with each other and share information seamlessly. Since Java is so ubiquitous, it often solves these problems. Dynamic Web Page Development Java has been used by both large and small organizations for a wide vari

42、ety of applications beyond consumer oriented websites. Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, has developed a unique Java application. The lab was tasked with developing an enterprise-wide inventory tracking and equipment mainte

43、nance system that provides dynamic Web pages. Conclusion Open standards have driven the e-business revolution. As e-business continues to develop, various computing technologies help to drive its evolution. The Java programming language and platform have emerged as major technologies for perform

44、ing e-business functions. the time needed for application development is minimal. Java also encourages good software engineering practices with clear separation of interfaces and implementations as well as easy exception handling. Java's automatic memory management and lack of pointers remove some l

45、eading causes of programming errors. The advantages available through Java have also found their way into hardware. The emerging new Java devices are streamlined systems that exploit network servers for much of their processing power, storage, content, and administration. JAVA 編程語言和JAVA 平臺 Jav

46、a編程語言和Java平臺，已成為主要的實(shí)現(xiàn)電子商務(wù)功能的技術(shù)。Java編程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是便攜性的應(yīng)用和再利用的應(yīng)用組件的計算平臺。Sun Microsystems的Java程序社區(qū)仍然是增長Java基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和語言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一個強(qiáng)有力的基礎(chǔ)。這一增長為開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)創(chuàng)造了新的設(shè)計機(jī)會和開發(fā)的應(yīng)用服務(wù)程序。 Java的應(yīng)用 Java使用許多熟悉的編程概念和結(jié)構(gòu)，通過外部Java虛擬機(jī)(JVM)為便攜性提供了一個共同的接口。虛擬機(jī)是一個自成一體的運(yùn)行環(huán)境，給人的感覺就好像它是一個單獨(dú)的計算機(jī)。創(chuàng)造虛擬機(jī)的好處包括更好地利用強(qiáng)大的計算資源和隔離的應(yīng)用程序，以防止交叉和提高安全性。 JVM將通過調(diào)用軟件指示

47、內(nèi)的JVM執(zhí)行的大部分工作，允許計算設(shè)備有限處理器或記憶體用來處理更高級的應(yīng)用程序，因?yàn)閮?nèi)置的虛擬機(jī)的許多核心職能和處理指示，這也減小了Java應(yīng)用程序的規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性。其結(jié)果是，軟件開發(fā)人員不需要在每個操作系統(tǒng)上重新建立相同的應(yīng)用程序。Java也提供了用于安全的指示互動應(yīng)用的虛擬機(jī)，作為應(yīng)用程序之間的障礙和核心制度，有效地保護(hù)系統(tǒng)不受惡意代碼的影響。 除此之外，Java是專門應(yīng)用于日益增長的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)開發(fā)，因?yàn)樗菀组_發(fā)新的、動態(tài)的應(yīng)用，可以充分發(fā)揮大多數(shù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的潛能。Java現(xiàn)在是一個開放的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也就是說，沒有一個單一的實(shí)體控制其編程的語言的發(fā)展，人人都可獲得。Java開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能夠打破開放源代

48、碼的障礙，加快了發(fā)展速度。 今天，你可以在網(wǎng)絡(luò)和因特網(wǎng)設(shè)備中可以找到Java技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和科學(xué)超級計算機(jī)到筆記本電腦和手機(jī)以及來自華爾街的市場模擬器首頁游戲卡和信用卡。有超過300萬Java開發(fā)者，現(xiàn)在有多個版本的代碼，多數(shù)大型企業(yè)在內(nèi)部都有Java開發(fā)人員。此外，大多數(shù)的重要軟件供應(yīng)商在商業(yè)應(yīng)用中使用Java。 應(yīng)用 JAVA的萬維網(wǎng) Java在世界上一些最流行的網(wǎng)站上找到一片空間并且Java的使用空間會繼續(xù)增長。Java應(yīng)用程序不僅提供了獨(dú)特的用戶界面，它們還有助于控制網(wǎng)站的后臺。在萬維網(wǎng)上，每個人都可能eBay和亞馬遜一樣成為Java領(lǐng)頭人。 易趣 成立于1995年

49、，易趣在地方、國家和國際的電子商務(wù)基礎(chǔ)上提供了一系列的網(wǎng)站，你可以在eBay上找到它，即使你不知道它的存在。甚至有時候一天當(dāng)中，在eBay上列出了數(shù)以萬計類別的超過100萬件的物品。易趣是世界上最大的在線市場。 易趣無處不在使用JAVA。為了解決一些安全問題，易趣選擇了Sun Microsystems的Java系統(tǒng)身份管理平臺，改進(jìn)其身份管理系統(tǒng)。易趣手頭的任務(wù)是為超過12000名員工和承包商提供身份管理。 易趣現(xiàn)在擁有了一千多易趣軟件開發(fā)商日常工作使用Java應(yīng)用程序。 Java固有的便攜性使得易趣轉(zhuǎn)移到新的硬件以利用新技術(shù)包裝，或更改價格，而不必重寫Java代碼。 亞馬遜

50、A創(chuàng)建了一個Web服務(wù)應(yīng)用程序，使用戶可以瀏覽他們的產(chǎn)品目錄和訂貨。 A使用Java應(yīng)用程序，搜索亞馬遜圖書目錄主題來匹配用戶選擇的主題。應(yīng)用程序顯示10個條目來匹配選擇的圖書主題，顯示了作者姓名、書名、定價、亞馬遜的折扣價格以及覆蓋圖標(biāo)。用戶可以選擇性地查看每一個顯示標(biāo)題，并作出購買決策。 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫中的Java與挖掘 雖然許多公司目前受益于數(shù)據(jù)倉庫，以支持企業(yè)決策，不斷涌現(xiàn)采用Java技術(shù)控制新的商務(wù)智能的方法。應(yīng)用程序如數(shù)據(jù)倉庫，數(shù)據(jù)挖掘，企業(yè)信息門戶和知識管理系統(tǒng)能夠提供深入了解客戶的保留，購買模式，甚至未來的購買行為。 這些應(yīng)用不僅可以知道發(fā)生了什么事情，并且還能知道為什么

51、和為可能會發(fā)生某些業(yè)務(wù)提供條件。由于這種信息的增長，在各級人民內(nèi)部的企業(yè)、供應(yīng)商，客戶和其他價值鏈中，非?？释缽V大商店的信息以幫助他們作出商業(yè)決策。雖然收集和儲存大量的數(shù)據(jù)是一回事，而利用和部署數(shù)據(jù)在整個組織是另一回事。 該技術(shù)的主要挑戰(zhàn)是整合不同的數(shù)據(jù)格式、平臺和應(yīng)用程序。然而，新興的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比如應(yīng)用編程接口，包括Java平臺以及可擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語言技術(shù)，可以便利交換數(shù)據(jù)和開發(fā)下一代數(shù)據(jù)倉庫和商業(yè)智能應(yīng)用。雖然Java技術(shù)已被廣泛用于客戶端訪問，但是它正在迅速成為挑戰(zhàn)表示層的一個重要工具以及發(fā)展中國家可伸縮的服務(wù)器端程序。在Java2平臺企業(yè)版(J2EE)中提供了對象、交易和安全支持建立這種

52、系統(tǒng)。 元數(shù)據(jù)問題 這里的關(guān)鍵問題之一是商業(yè)智能開發(fā)必須解決不相容的數(shù)據(jù)格式。元數(shù)據(jù)可以被界定為信息數(shù)據(jù)或簡單的“關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)”。在實(shí)踐中，元數(shù)據(jù)是大多數(shù)工具、數(shù)據(jù)庫、應(yīng)用程序和其他信息處理使用的定義，在他們自己的環(huán)境中涉及和操縱數(shù)據(jù)對象。它定義數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理數(shù)據(jù)對象的申請，以便知道如何達(dá)到應(yīng)用程序要求或處理這些數(shù)據(jù)對象。開發(fā)者可以使用這個架構(gòu)為用戶提供意見。另外，用戶可以瀏覽架構(gòu)，以更好地理解結(jié)構(gòu)和功能數(shù)據(jù)庫表的查詢。 為了解決元數(shù)據(jù)問題，一批公司加入到Java元數(shù)據(jù)接口的API的開發(fā)。在JIM的API中提供了允許訪問和操縱數(shù)據(jù)的Java標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的元數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)。JIM是基于元對象設(shè)施規(guī)

53、范的對象管理組。元模型和元數(shù)據(jù)交換是通過XML和使用XML元數(shù)據(jù)交換(XMI信息)規(guī)范。JIM利用Java技術(shù)建立一個端到端的數(shù)據(jù)倉庫和商業(yè)智能解決方案框架。 企業(yè)JavaBeans J2EE所提供的一個重要工具的企業(yè)級JavaBeans(EJB組件)，建筑的發(fā)展基于構(gòu)件的分布式企業(yè)應(yīng)用。使用的EJB架構(gòu)編寫的應(yīng)用程序具有可擴(kuò)展性、事務(wù)性、安全和多用戶的了解。這些應(yīng)用程序可能只要寫入一次，然后部署在任何服務(wù)器平臺，以支持J2EE。EJB的架構(gòu)使開發(fā)人員撰寫的組件變得簡單，因?yàn)樗麄儾恍枰斫饣蛱幚韽?fù)雜的、系統(tǒng)級的細(xì)節(jié)，例如線程管理、資源匯集、交易和安全管理，這就允許部分組裝、平臺供應(yīng)商和

54、應(yīng)用裝配就可以專注于他們的責(zé)任地區(qū)進(jìn)一步簡化應(yīng)用開發(fā)基于角色的發(fā)展而。 數(shù)據(jù)存儲與訪問 數(shù)據(jù)存儲在現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)用程序可以利用專門的連接器。這些數(shù)據(jù)來源的集成性和互操作性是為了確保進(jìn)一步啟用的元數(shù)據(jù)儲存庫，其中包含metamodels的中包含的數(shù)據(jù)源，然后就可以獲取互換一致通過JIM的API。這些metamodels捕獲的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和語義的業(yè)務(wù)組件，使他們能夠通過查詢獲得JIM API或通過XML進(jìn)行互換。通過所有這些進(jìn)程， J2EE的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施確保數(shù)據(jù)安全的和完整的通過交易管理、集成和基本安全結(jié)構(gòu)。 為了鞏固歷史資料分析的銷售和市場營銷的趨勢，數(shù)據(jù)倉庫往往是最好的解決辦法。在這個例子中，

55、數(shù)據(jù)可以被提取的業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)與不同的抽取、轉(zhuǎn)換和加載工具(ETL)，允許EJBs的metamodels設(shè)計的過濾、轉(zhuǎn)化和鞏固統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)操作的數(shù)據(jù)來自不同數(shù)據(jù)源的豆可以查詢元模型，以確定和提取的有關(guān)領(lǐng)域。查詢和報告都可以執(zhí)行對數(shù)據(jù)倉庫，其中包含許多來源的資料以一致的，企業(yè)級的方式通過使用JIM的API。 在工業(yè)環(huán)境中的Java 許多人都知道Java不僅是一種工具，在萬維網(wǎng)上，使網(wǎng)站執(zhí)行一些復(fù)雜的功能，如互動性和動畫。然而，由于Java是一種面向?qū)ο蟮?、所需時間最少的應(yīng)用開發(fā)語言，實(shí)際使用的Java更普遍。 此外，Java的自動內(nèi)存管理和缺乏指針刪除一些編程錯誤。最重要的是，應(yīng)用軟件開發(fā)商

56、不需要為不同的平臺創(chuàng)建不同版本的軟件，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是Java通過自己的方式進(jìn)入硬件。正在出現(xiàn)的新的Java設(shè)備的精簡系統(tǒng)，利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的大部分處理、存儲、內(nèi)容和管理能力。 Java的優(yōu)點(diǎn) Java應(yīng)用的好處體現(xiàn)在許多行業(yè)，有些是具體的控制和自動化環(huán)境。 Java運(yùn)行在任何平臺使本組織能夠利用現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備的能力，同時增強(qiáng)了應(yīng)用程序的擴(kuò)展性。 一體化 除了少數(shù)例外，工廠車間上執(zhí)行的程序從未打算和執(zhí)行辦公室系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行信息交換，但最近管理人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，需要這種類型的信息。在JAVA之前，這往往意味著以不同的語言、在不同的時間匯集數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)寫在不同的平臺上。通常是整合零碎的基礎(chǔ)，一旦它工作，是獨(dú)一無二的

57、兩項應(yīng)用是搭在一起。額外的一體化需要開發(fā)一個全新的制度，提高成本效益的整合。 可擴(kuò)展性 Java在工業(yè)環(huán)境中的另一個好處是它的可擴(kuò)展性。即使內(nèi)部兼容性不是問題，企業(yè)往往面臨供應(yīng)商與他們共享信息的互不兼容的系統(tǒng)的困難，這已成為更多的問題，因?yàn)楣?yīng)鏈管理需要一個更加重要的作用，要求制造商更多的與海外供應(yīng)商和客戶互動，最大的效率是所有的系統(tǒng)可以相互溝通和無縫的共享信息，但由于Java是如此普遍，往往解決了這些問題。 動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁開發(fā) Java被使用于各種規(guī)模組織的多種應(yīng)用已超出消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向的網(wǎng)站。桑迪亞，一個multiprogram實(shí)驗(yàn)室為美國能源部國家核安全管理局，形成了獨(dú)特的Java應(yīng)用程序。該實(shí)驗(yàn)室的任務(wù)是能夠制定一個企業(yè)范圍的庫存跟蹤和設(shè)備維護(hù)的動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁系統(tǒng)，。 結(jié)論 開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推動了電子商務(wù)革命，推動了發(fā)展各種電腦技術(shù)。Java編程語言和平臺，已成為用以實(shí)現(xiàn)電子商務(wù)功能的主要技術(shù)。Java編程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提供了便攜性和再利用的應(yīng)用組件。由于Java是一種面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z言，所需要的時間是最少的應(yīng)用開發(fā)。 Java也鼓勵良好的軟件工程的做法，明確的接口和實(shí)現(xiàn)以及容易處理。 Java應(yīng)用自動內(nèi)存管理和缺乏指針刪除一些重要編程錯誤。正在出現(xiàn)的新的Java設(shè)備的精簡系統(tǒng)，利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的大部分處理能力進(jìn)行存儲內(nèi)容和管理。 第 11 頁 共 5 頁