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1、Part2 考點13Part2 語法專題語法專題考點考點13 主謂一致主謂一致 對主謂一致的考查在湖南高考中主要出現在單項填空部分。1.主要考查的知識點:(1)主語為不可數名詞、不定代詞、表示單一概念的動名詞、不定式或句子等時,其謂語動詞的數。(2)every / each / no 修飾名詞作主語,及and連接的兩個有every /each/no修飾的名詞作主語時,或more than one 名詞以及many a 單數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數。復習重點:復習重點:(1)主謂意義一致的情況(2)主謂形式一致的情況2.如何應對主謂的考查 主謂一致的考查主要是根據主語部分來確定謂語動詞的數,往
2、往與時態(tài)一起考。解題時,首先認清主語部分,結合4個選項,比較每個選項的動詞的時態(tài)及單復數,再判斷該選用哪一個。 (2010湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 思路點撥:思路點撥:分析題干句主語為動名詞,那么謂語動詞該用單數。比較四個選項,A、C選項為單數,而根據主語與caused的主動關系,排除A項,從而可判斷選C項。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思1. 意義(語法)一致原則 只要確定句子的主語是單數意義,則謂語用單
3、數;句子的主語是復數意義,則謂語用復數。用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空(1) Physics is(be) not easy to understand.(2) When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been_decided(not decide) yet.(3) Nothing is(be) impossible.(4) Ten pounds was(be) missing from the box.(5) This pair of glasses was_bought (buy) by my uncle.熟熟 讀讀 深深
4、 思思(6)Two series of new stamps have been ordered(order). (7) The population of China is(be) large and about eighty percent of the population are(be) farmers.(8) Mr. Green together with his children goes(go) to the park every Sunday.(9) The disabled are(be) well taken care of in this country.(10) Mos
5、t of the workers have gone home for a holiday.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(11) His family were(be) sitting in the sofa watching TV when I got there.(12) War and peace is(be) a constant theme in history. (13) Chinese and Japanese silk sell (sell) well in the market. (14) What surprised me most was(be) his attitude to
6、wards his study.(15) Such is(be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered(suffer) a great deal but achieved so much.(16) Every day quantities of water are_wasted(wasted). 歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則1:不可數名詞作主語,一律視為單數。以s結尾的國名、地名、機構名,書名,如:the United States, the United Nations等作主語,視為單數;有些不可數名詞如:news, maths, physics 雖然以s結尾
7、,但不是復數,如:(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:表示單一概念的動名詞、不定式或句子作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。“one, either, neither, each of 復數名詞或代詞”作主語時, 謂語用單數,如:(2)。歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則3:something, everything, anything, nothing,somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語,謂語通常是單數,如:(3)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4:表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、數量的復數名詞作主語,通??醋饕粋€整體,謂語動詞用單數,如:(4)。規(guī)則規(guī)則5:a series of, a kind of, a pi
8、ece of, a pair of 等量詞修飾名詞,通常以量詞的單復數形式來決定謂語的單復數,如:(5)、(6)。 歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則6:a number of 復數名詞,“許多”,復數意義;the number of 復數名詞,“的數目”,單數意義。the population of“的人口數量”作主語時,謂語用單數,但如果是分數/百分數/half of/the rest ofthe population 作主語時,謂語則用復數,具體指其中的多少人,復數意義,如:(7)。the average of “的平均數量”,作主語時,謂語用單數。歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則7:主語后接
9、介詞with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, in, of 等短語時,謂語動詞的數要和這些短語前面的名詞的單復數保持一致,如:(8)。 規(guī)則規(guī)則8:“the adj.”結構指人時,謂語動詞用復數;如果表示抽象的概念,謂語動詞用單數,如:(9)。規(guī)則規(guī)則9:分數、百分數,all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數根據其指代的含義確定,如:(10)。歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則10:主語為集合名詞時,如果表示一個整體,謂語動詞用單數;如
10、果指其中的個體,謂語動詞用復數。這類集體名詞常見的有:army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成復數形式,如:(11)。歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則11:當and連接兩個并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時,應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數形式。另外,當and 連接兩個形容詞修飾一個單
11、數形式的主語時,其實是指兩種不同的事物,主語則應該看做是復數,那么謂語動詞也應該用復數,如:(12)、(13)。英語中并列結構表示整體概念的有:iron and steel 鋼鐵 law and order 治安bread and butter 黃油面包歸歸 納納 總總 結結a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 a knife and fork刀叉a coat and tie配有領帶的上衣 aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真誠規(guī)則規(guī)則12:what 引導的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數取決于作表語的名詞的單復數,如:(14)。規(guī)則規(guī)則13:suc
12、h 作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數形式要根據其意義而定,如:(15)。規(guī)則規(guī)則14: quantities of 名詞作主語時,不論名詞是復數還是不可數,謂語一律用復數,如:(16)。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思2. 形式一致原則形式一致原則 主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致:主語是單數形式,謂語也采取單數形式;主語是復數形式,謂語亦采取復數形式。(1) Each student is required to tell a story in class. (2) Every boy and every girl is having sports now.(3) He said that one and a
13、 half apples is enough. (4) One and a half oranges were left for her brother. (5) More than one student is willing to take part in the activity. (6) Many a method has been tried to solve the problem. 規(guī)則規(guī)則1:every /each/no 修飾名詞,以及and連接的兩個有every /each/no修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語用單數形式,如:(1)、(2)。復數主語與each連用時,應不受each的
14、影響,謂語動詞仍用復數形式。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:“one 單數名詞and a half”作主語時,謂語動詞可用單數形式,也可用復數形式,如:(3)、(4)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3:“more than one 名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式,如:(5)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4:“many a 單數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數,如:(6)。歸歸 納納 總總 結結熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思3. 就近原則就近原則(1) Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. (2) In the distance was heard the clapping
15、of hands and the shouts of the people. (3) Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. 歸歸 納納 總總 結結規(guī)則規(guī)則1:當連詞or, not but; either or , neither nor , not only but also 等連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞的形式常與最接近的詞語保持一致,如:(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:在倒裝句中,謂語與后面第一個主語的數保持一致,如:(2)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3:當一個句子是由 there 或here引起,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常和最靠近它的主語一致,如:(3)。