220KV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算與自動(dòng)裝置配置車一鳴

220KV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算與自動(dòng)裝置配置車一鳴,220KV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算與自動(dòng)裝置配置,車一鳴,kv,電網(wǎng),保護(hù),維護(hù),計(jì)算,自動(dòng)裝置,配置 220KV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算與自動(dòng)裝置配置設(shè)計(jì)綜述 繼電保護(hù)裝置，就是指能反應(yīng)電力系統(tǒng)中電氣設(shè)備發(fā)生故障或不正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，并動(dòng)作于斷路器跳閘或發(fā)出信號(hào)的一種自動(dòng)裝置[1]。電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)的基本任務(wù)是：（1）自動(dòng)、迅速、有選擇地將故障元件從電力系統(tǒng)切除，使故障元件免于繼續(xù)遭受損壞，保證其他無(wú)故障部分迅速恢復(fù)正常運(yùn)行;(2)反應(yīng)電力設(shè)備的不正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，并根據(jù)運(yùn)行維護(hù)條件，而動(dòng)作與發(fā)出信號(hào)或跳閘。為了在電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)生事故后迅速恢復(fù)電力系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行，或盡快消除電力系統(tǒng)的異常狀況，電力系統(tǒng)中還裝有另一類自動(dòng)化裝置例如自動(dòng)重合閘裝置。它們都是電力系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行起著極為重要的作用。尤其是在現(xiàn)代化的超高壓、大容量的電力系統(tǒng)中，對(duì)繼電保護(hù)裝置提出了更高的要求。電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)裝置的可靠運(yùn)行涉及到繼電保護(hù)裝置的配置設(shè)計(jì)、制作安裝、整定計(jì)算、運(yùn)行維護(hù)等諸多方面。其中選擇合理的保護(hù)方式和正確地進(jìn)行整定計(jì)算，對(duì)保證電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)裝置的可靠運(yùn)行具有十分重要的作用[2]。 因?yàn)楦鞣N保護(hù)裝置適應(yīng)電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行變化的能力都是有限的，所以繼電保護(hù)整定也不是一成不變的。隨著電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行情況的變化，當(dāng)其超出預(yù)定的適應(yīng)范圍時(shí)，就需要對(duì)全部或部分保護(hù)定值重新進(jìn)行整定，以滿足新的運(yùn)行需要[3]。如何獲得一個(gè)最佳的整定方案，要考慮到繼電保護(hù)的快速性、選擇性、可靠性、靈敏性之間求得妥協(xié)和平衡。因此，繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算要綜合、辨證、統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)用。 隨著材料、器件、制造技術(shù)等相關(guān)學(xué)科的發(fā)展，繼電保護(hù)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)、型式和制造工藝也發(fā)生著巨大的變化，經(jīng)歷了機(jī)電式保護(hù)裝置、靜態(tài)繼電保護(hù)裝置和數(shù)字式繼電保護(hù)裝置三個(gè)發(fā)展階段[4]。 在19世紀(jì)末已開始利用熔斷器防止在發(fā)生短路時(shí)損壞設(shè)備，建立了過電流保護(hù)原理，1905～1908年研制出電流差動(dòng)保護(hù)，自1910年起開始采用方向性電流保護(hù)，于19世紀(jì)20年代初生產(chǎn)出距離保護(hù)，在30年代初已出現(xiàn)了快速動(dòng)作的高頻保護(hù)[5]。我國(guó)已成功研制了多套大機(jī)組微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置，并先后投入試運(yùn)行或正式運(yùn)行[6]。在選擇保護(hù)方式及進(jìn)行整定計(jì)算時(shí), 必須考慮系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式帶來(lái)的影響。由于220 kV 高壓電網(wǎng)中有雙回線及環(huán)網(wǎng), 所以在選擇最大、最小運(yùn)行方式不僅需要考慮發(fā)電機(jī)出力大小, 還要考慮環(huán)網(wǎng)是閉環(huán)還是開環(huán)、雙回線是否停運(yùn)一條等因素[7]。220 kV 及以上超高壓線路保護(hù)主要采用以高頻方向和高頻閉鎖距離保護(hù)為主的微機(jī)型雙線路保護(hù), 縱聯(lián)通道采用電力線載波或微波通道。對(duì)于220 kV 及以上電壓等級(jí)電力系統(tǒng)的線路繼電保護(hù), 一般采用近后備保護(hù)方式, 即當(dāng)故障元件的一套繼電保護(hù)裝置拒動(dòng)時(shí), 由相互獨(dú)立的另一套繼電保護(hù)裝置動(dòng)作切除故障; 而當(dāng)斷路器拒動(dòng)時(shí), 啟動(dòng)其失靈保護(hù), 斷開與故障元件所接入母線相連的所有其他連接電源的斷路器。有條件時(shí)可采用遠(yuǎn)后備保護(hù)方式, 即故障元件對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)的繼電保護(hù)裝置或斷路器拒絕動(dòng)作時(shí), 由電源最鄰近的故障元件的上一級(jí)斷電保護(hù)裝置動(dòng)作切除故障[8]。由于微機(jī)保護(hù)具有靈活、高性能、運(yùn)行維護(hù)方便、可靠性好、硬件尺寸小、硬件負(fù)擔(dān)輕等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可以預(yù)見未來(lái)繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展方向?qū)⑹侵鞅Ｗo(hù)采用微型處理機(jī)或小型計(jì)算機(jī)分散裝設(shè)被保護(hù)元件處，后備保護(hù)采用系統(tǒng)控制中心計(jì)算機(jī)構(gòu)成變電所中心計(jì)算機(jī)以實(shí)現(xiàn)集中化控制。相信大機(jī)組微機(jī)保護(hù)將有廣闊發(fā)展前景，并將以其優(yōu)越性能繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷[9]。 電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)計(jì)算的發(fā)展過程：（1）利用故障分量的繼電保護(hù)，故障信息的識(shí)別、處理和利用是繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。30年代以來(lái)在電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)展對(duì)繼電保護(hù)不斷提出的新的要求的條件下，在繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)中廣泛而成功地應(yīng)用了故障時(shí)出現(xiàn)的負(fù)序和零序?qū)ΨQ分量，６０年代以來(lái)開展了暫態(tài)行波用于保護(hù)的研究，開辟了在繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)中利用故障暫態(tài)信息的新途徑。由于故障分量可以確切地反映故障信息，因此可以在繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)中應(yīng)用于識(shí)別故障。迄今，故障分量在微機(jī)保護(hù)中已用于起動(dòng)元件、方向元件、距離保護(hù)、差動(dòng)保護(hù)、和利用通道的縱聯(lián)保護(hù)中，對(duì)提高保護(hù)的性能指標(biāo)起到顯著的作用[10]。（2）自適應(yīng)繼電保護(hù)，自適應(yīng)繼電保護(hù)是本世紀(jì)８０年代提出的一個(gè)較新的研究課題。自適應(yīng)繼電保護(hù)可以定義為能根據(jù)電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行情況和故障狀態(tài)的變化而實(shí)時(shí)改變保護(hù)原理、性能、特性、定值的保護(hù)。自適應(yīng)保護(hù)的提出，引起了人們極大的關(guān)注和興趣，雖然自適應(yīng)繼電保護(hù)目前還處在初期發(fā)展階段，但現(xiàn)有的研究成果已經(jīng)有力他說(shuō)明了它的優(yōu)越性[11]。（3）利用小波變換，近年來(lái)，小波理論和方法在應(yīng)用和工程界引起了極大的反響，它被認(rèn)為是富里葉變換的重大發(fā)展，在應(yīng)用科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，特別在數(shù)字信號(hào)處理、圖象邊緣檢測(cè)、模式識(shí)別等領(lǐng)域，認(rèn)為它是近年來(lái)工具和方法上的重大突破，小波變換已在通信、遙感技術(shù)、生物醫(yī)電信號(hào)處理、宇航、數(shù)值分析等領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用，并卓有成效，小波變換在電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用也將顯示出巨大的作用[12]。 對(duì)于自動(dòng)重合閘的采用，是電力系統(tǒng)安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的客觀需要。架空線路的故障大多數(shù)是瞬時(shí)性的，如雷電引起的閃絡(luò)。因此，再架空線上采用自動(dòng)重合閘，不僅可以提高供電的可靠性，而且對(duì)高壓電網(wǎng)還提高了其暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定水平。此外，還可以糾正由于斷路器機(jī)構(gòu)不良或運(yùn)行人員誤碰操作機(jī)構(gòu)引起的斷路器跳閘，盡快恢復(fù)供電并避免了其他設(shè)備過負(fù)荷[13]。對(duì)于重合閘，國(guó)內(nèi)除主要采用DH系列的重合閘以外，還采用JC-11系列晶體管型重合閘裝置，在電壓為220KV及以上電壓等級(jí)的線路上多采用ZZC系列、JZZC系列及JZC系列的綜合從合閘裝置[14]。 總之，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，繼電保護(hù)的發(fā)展和自動(dòng)重合閘將朝著高可靠性、簡(jiǎn)便性、開放性、通用性、靈活性和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化、模塊化、動(dòng)作過程透明化方向發(fā)展，并可以方便地與電子式互感器、光學(xué)互感器實(shí)現(xiàn)連接。另外，隨著相量測(cè)量單元和網(wǎng)絡(luò)、通信技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，出現(xiàn)了研究廣域信息保護(hù)的熱潮，同時(shí)這些技術(shù)還有助于將閉環(huán)控制的思想哈多點(diǎn)、多種信息綜合起來(lái)，應(yīng)用于電力系統(tǒng)中[15]。 【參考文獻(xiàn)】 [1] 張保會(huì)，尹項(xiàng)根. 電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù). 北京：中國(guó)電力出版社，2005 [2] 張舉. 電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)及安全自動(dòng)裝置整定計(jì)算. 華北電力大學(xué)，1998. [3] 崔家佩,孟慶炎,陳永芳,熊炳耀.電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)與安全自動(dòng)裝置整定計(jì)算.北京:中國(guó)電力出版社,1993. [4] 呂繼紹.電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)原理.北京:水利電力出版社,1986. [5] ABB, REL531 high speed distance protection terminal. Technology Reference Manual, 2001 [6] 陳德樹，張哲，尹項(xiàng)根.微機(jī)繼電保護(hù).北京: 中國(guó)電力出版社，2000 [7] 江蘇省電力公司.電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)原理與實(shí)用技術(shù). 北京: 中國(guó)電力出版社, 2008 [8] 220～500kV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)裝置運(yùn)行整定規(guī)程(DL/T559-9中國(guó)科技博覽,2009(25): 91-93. [9] 楊奇遜. 高等學(xué)校教材 微型機(jī)繼電保護(hù)基礎(chǔ). 北京：中國(guó)電力出版社，1988 [10] 國(guó)家電力調(diào)度通信中心．國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司繼電保護(hù)培訓(xùn)教材．北京： 中國(guó)電力出版社，2009 [11] A.T. Johns, S.K. Salman. Digital Protection for Power System. Peter peregrinus Ltd. On behalf of The Institute of Electrical Engineers. 1995 [12] A.Papoulis.Signal Analysis.McGraw-Hill Book Company,1977 [13] 林榕，曹樹江CSL101與LFP901線路保護(hù)重合閘應(yīng)用問題的分析[J ] 電網(wǎng)技術(shù)，2003，27(10)78—81 [14] 高國(guó)慶．雙套重合閘并列投用的可行方案[J]繼電器，2002，30(7)： 56—58 [15] 楊奇遜，黃少峰， 微型機(jī)繼電保護(hù)基礎(chǔ)， 北京：中國(guó)電力出版社，2010 華北電力大學(xué)科技學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）開 題 報(bào) 告 學(xué)生姓名： 車一鳴 班級(jí)： 電氣07K7 所在院系： 科技學(xué)院 所在專業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目:220KV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算與自動(dòng)裝置配置 指導(dǎo)教師： 劉寶志 2011年 3 月 11 日 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）開 題 報(bào) 告 一、結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題情況，根據(jù)所查閱的文獻(xiàn)資料，每人撰寫不低于2000字的文獻(xiàn)綜述。（另附） 二、本課題要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究手段（途徑）： 本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容是220kV電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算與自動(dòng)裝置的配置。包括：全面了解電網(wǎng)繼電保護(hù)裝置的工作原理及其對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)安全、穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行所起的作用，電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)的基本知識(shí)，電網(wǎng)序網(wǎng)圖的建立，短路電流的計(jì)算及運(yùn)行方式的選擇，相間距離保護(hù)的整定，縱聯(lián)差動(dòng)保護(hù)的整定及自動(dòng)重合閘裝置配置。 電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)的主保護(hù)和后備保護(hù)的選擇：主保護(hù)擬采用高頻縱聯(lián)差動(dòng)保護(hù)這種保護(hù)不僅能保護(hù)線路全長(zhǎng)且具有速動(dòng)性，后備保護(hù)擬采用相間距離保護(hù)和零序電流保護(hù)。對(duì)于220KV輸電線路的自動(dòng)重合閘擬采用綜合自動(dòng)重合閘方式。短路電流計(jì)算是繼電保護(hù)整定計(jì)算的依據(jù)，短路計(jì)算擬采用標(biāo)幺值進(jìn)行計(jì)算。 三、指導(dǎo)教師意見： 1． 對(duì)“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評(píng)語(yǔ)： 2．對(duì)學(xué)生前期工作情況的評(píng)價(jià)（包括確定的研究方法、手段是否合理等方面）： 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology New Challenges to Power System Planning and Operation of Smart Grid Development in China Zhang Ruihua Du Yumei Liu Yuhong Abstract The future development trend of electric power grid is smart grid which includes such features as secure and reliable efficient and economical clean and green flexible and compatible open and interactive integrated and so on The concept and characteristics of smart grid are introduced in this paper On the basis of practical national situation the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese characteristics are proposed Smart grid development in china is bases on information technology communication technology computer technology with the high integration with infrastructure of generating transmission and distribution power system Besides smart grid development in china brings forward many new challenge and requirements for power system planning and operation in 9 key technologies as below 1 Planning and construction of strong ultra high voltage UHV power grid 2 Large scale thermal power hydropower and nuclear power bases integration of power grid 3 Large scale renewable energy sources integration of power grid 4 Distributed generation and coordinated development of the grids of various voltage ratings 5 Study on smart grid planning and developing strategy 6 Improve the controllability of the power grid based on power electronics technology 7 Superconductivity energy storage and other new technologies widely used in power system 8 Power system security monitoring fast simulation intelligent decision making and comprehensive defense technology 9 The application of emergency and restoration control technology in power system In response to the challenge this paper presents the main research contents detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals of above 9 key technologies Some measures and suggestions for power system planning and operation of smart grid development in China are given in this paper Index Terms smart grid power system planning power system operation key technologies large scale power bases information and communication technology computer technology Zhang Ruihua is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Beijing 100190 China E mail ruihuazh DU Yumei is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Beij ing 100190 China Liu Yuhong is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy ofSciences CAS Beijing 100190 China 978 1 4244 5940 7 10 26 00 20 1 0 IEEE I INTRODUCTION WITH the increasing pressure on environmental protection energy conserving and persistence develops improves gradually required for society At the same time power market oriented development consistently and provide higher electric energy reliability and quality are required for consumer It require that the future smart grid must can to provide secure reliable clean high quality power supply is able to adapt to various of electric power generation need being able to adapt to highly become market oriented electric power exchange especially acting on selfs own being able to adapt to customer especially chooses need further improve the ample power grid assets utilization efficiency and beneficial result provide higher quality service For this purpose many countries without exception look upon smart grid as future development direction of power grid 1 4 On the basis of present situation and practical condition the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese characteristics are proposed The imbalance in the distribution of energy resources and the development of regional economic requires the high efficient development of energy resource in western region to satisfy the electricity demand of whole country Besides the limitation of environmental capacity confines conventional coal fired thermal power in East China which requires a new model of power supply which will carry out large scale power flows and balance between regions 5 The power system condition in different areas of China is very different The condition of China s energy and electricity load distribution to determine the long distance large scale power transmission will be the direction of the development of China s power system So this determined the smart grid of China with the common characters of smart grid it with the unique characters of large sending ends large receiving ends large power transmission grid 6 9 Smart grid development in china is bases on information technology communication technology computer technology with the high integration with infrastructure of generating transmission and distribution power system 10 13 Smart grid development in china addresses many new challenge and requirements for power system planning and operation in 9 key technical aspects To response the challenge the paper presents main research contents and key technologies in the area of power system planning and operation and proposed detailed implementation procedure and anticipated goals Finally some measures and suggestions for power system planning and operation about China smart grid development are given in the paper II DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID A The Definition of Smart Grid Based on physical power grid smart grid is a new type power grid which highly integrates modern advanced information techniques communication techniques computer science and techniques with physical grids It has many advantages such as improving energy efficiency reducing the impact to environment enhancing the security and reliability of power supply and reducing the power loss of the electricity transmission network and so on The objectives of smart grid are fully satisfy customer requirements for electrical power optimize resources allocation ensure the security reliability and economic of power supply satisfy environment protection constraints guarantee power quality and adapt to power market development Smart grid can provide customer with reliable economical clean and interactive power supply and value added services B The Characteristics of Smart Grid Smart grid holds the promise that the power sector can go green by not simply reducing the use of dirty power generation methods but instead become a system that can take more aggressive measures to lower greenhouse gas emissions through efficient integration of renewable energy sources Smart grid that focus on improving demand side management for energy and promoting renewable energy could be a transformational force that redefines the way people view energy generation transmission and consumption in that such grids would encourage active engagement by the broader society not just power sector specialists Smart grid mainly has features as secure and reliable efficient and economical clean and green flexible and compatible open and interactive integrated and so on 14 15 1 Secure and Reliable The power grid is still to maintain the power supply capacity to the users rather than a large area power outage when big disturbances on the power grid faults natural disasters and extreme weather conditions or man made damage happen 2 Efficient and Economical The power grid can improve the economic benefits through technological innovation energy efficient management orderly market competition and related policies The power grid is in support of the electricity market and power transactions effectively to achieve the rational allocation of resources and reduce power losses and finally to improve the efficiency of energy 3 Clean and Green a large scale of renewable energy sources can be fed into the grid which will reduce the potential impact on the environment 2 4 Optimization The power grid can improve power supply reliability and security to meet electricity demand in digital age The optimal cost to provide qualified electricity to the community Smart grid can optimize utilization of assets reduce investment costs and operation and maintenance costs Quality of power meets industry standards and consumer needs Provide various level of power quality for the range of needs 5 Interactive interaction and real time response to the power market and consumers which improves service Mature wholesale market operations in place well integrated nationwide and integrated with reliability coordinators Retail markets flourishing where appropriate Minimize transmission congestion and constraints 6 Self healing The power grid has capabilities such as real time on line security assessment and analysis powerful control system for early warning and prevention control automatic fault diagnosis automatic fault isolation and system self recovery capability Self Healing and adaptive to correct problems before they become emergencies Predictive rather than reactive to prevent emergencies ahead rather than solve after Resilient to attack and natural disasters with rapid restoration capabilities 7 Flexible and Compatible The power grid can support correct reasonable integration of renewable energy sources and it is suitable for integration of distributed generation and micro power grid Besides it can improve and enhance the function of demand side management to achieve the efficient interaction capability with users Accommodate all generation and storage options Very large numbers of diverse distributed generation and storage devices deployed to complement the large generating plants 8 Integrated Unified platform and models are used on the power grid It can achieve a high degree of integration and information sharing of power grid and to achieve standard normative and refined management which integrates the infrastructure processes devices information and market structure so that energy can be generated distributed and consumed more efficiently and cost effectively Thereby achieving a more resilient secure and reliable energy system Integrated to merge all critical information III SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA A Necessities of Constructing China s Smart grid 1 Rapid growth of economy and society require to construct strong and reliable efficient and economical power grid Power grid is the important infrastructure of energy Chinese economy will remain high growth in the future China s energy and electricity demand over a longer period of time to maintain a rapid growth in the basic pattern as well as the distribution of primary energy resources uneven distribution and productivity of the basic national conditions objectively determine the need to implement long distance large scale transmission walking across the country optimization resource allocation path Therefore there is need to construct strong and reliable efficient and economical power grid 2 Global resource environment pressure require to construct resource saving and environmentally friendly power grid A smart grid is an inevitable choice for China to address issues in its power industry and develop a lower carbon economy Much of China s power is generated by dirty coal plants The government has stated that it wants to clean up its act by boosting renewable power generation to 15 percent of the total power supply by 2020 Chinese smart grid proposals call for the integration of renewable power sources including wind and solar The current power grid isn t able to efficiently integrate intermittent power generation from wind turbines or solar panels In order to optimize the energy structure improve energy efficiency and improve the climate adaptability the state has intensified the development on wind solar and other renewable energy Especially for the large scale renewable energy base in the Three North area the local demand is not large enough to consume all local electricity it s necessary to transmit the electricity through long distance grid to load center Generally due to the intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy formulation and implementation of accurate power generation plan is impossible which challenge the request the present ability on power acceptance and optimizing resource allocation 3 Various generation options require to construct open and transparent friendly and interactive power grid With the improving of future Chinese electrification level power generation enterprises and customers will have higher requirements for service quality and principles In order to guarantee the power production and transmission power generation enterprises require power grid to provide reliable efficient and flexible power integration Electrical power customers will be able to flexibly choose power supply modes need interaction between power grid to realize high efficient economical power utilization and be capable to send distributed energy power to power grid in the right time to realize clean and efficient energy utilization 4 The development of power and relative industry require to construct power grid with leading technology and equipment Depending on technology innovation constructing unified strong smart grid is the development direction of power grid of china Many advanced technologies and advanced equipment will be applied in constructing smart grid a substantial platform can be established for the stable and secure operation of grids and improve the strength of the grids primary systems It can upgrade the manufacture technology of power equipment and control technology of power grid The development of smart grid involved technology and products in many fields of information communication power equipment manufacture intelligent 3 home electricity machine and so on It will promote not only the development of relative industry but also the technology innovation and equipment creation for intelligent building intelligent home and intelligent transportation B Basis oj Constructing China s Smart grid The basic development goal of power grid is to form a security and economical power grid Constructing smart grid firstly depend on strong physical power grid China speeding up the construction the power grid with UHV grid as backbone and subordinate grids coordinated development at all levels In the technical and institutional equipment manufacturing and project put into practice aspects has laid down solid basis for the development of smart grid 16 China pays more attention to research and project implementation many achievements in smart grid have been accomplished in China To be specific China has already research and implementation in following technical aspects Generation link In the power generation link includes distributed generation renewable energy generation generator and power system coordinate operation and energy saving oriented dispatching technology and auto generation control Transformation link In the power transformation link includes UHV AC and UHV DC transmission FACTS digital substation technology PMU based W AMS DMS state oriented maintenance and so on Distribution and supply link In the power distribution and supply link includes distribution automation system and feeder automation system custom power auto metering Automation measurement technology and electric automobile charge power station construction and so on Dispatching link In the Dispatching link much research and application have been carried out such as next generation dispatch technology supporting system four main dispatch application platforms dispatch technology of energy saving generation online early warning and coordinated security and defense technology integrated model management massive information process technology intelligent visualization dispatch defense technology for extreme disaster Information building link In the information building link includes construction of system information collection load management system automatic meter reading system and other related systems After promoting of marketing information work for many years the coverage of users with electricity collected automatically improves every year scope and effect of the system is in gradual expansion it has played an active role in the company s marketing production and safety management Many electricity companies are making themselves more digital and information wise which also contributes to smart grid construction C Development Goals oJ China s Smart grid The general development goals of China smart grid is speed up construction of a strong power grid with UHV power grid as backbone coordinated development of power grid at all voltage levels with information technology digitization automation interactive features into independent innovation the world s leading strong smart grid To achieve this goal the State Grid Corporation of China in accordance with unified planning unified standard pilot first as a whole to promote the principle of speeding up the construction by the UHV AC transmission lines and 800kV 1000kV DC transmission lines constitute a UHV backbone power grid to achieve coordinated development of the power grid at all voltage levels around the power generation transmission substations power distribution supply dispatching and other major links and information building in phases to promote the development of strong smart grid D Characteristics of China s Smart Grid Chinese smart grid framework could be different from the rest of the world This is due to the relatively primitive structure at the distribution ends the extensive development ofUHV transmission in recent years and also the unique asset ownership and management structure in China China s specific national conditions determined the smart grid of China with the common characters of smart grid besides it has own unique characters These characteristics as below 1 Large sending ends Based on intensive exploitation of large scale thermal power hydro power nuclear power and renewable energy base build a strong and smart guide constructed of UHV power networks as the backbone according to the general requirements of a reliable efficient self adjustable grid The strong and smart grid will greatly optimize the allocation of resources improve the service quality and achieve flexible integration of different sources and loads 2 Large power transmission grid The Smart Grid initially proposed in the world is to promote intelligence and automation for distribution system The shortage of electric power supply in China is still a challenge so construction for a strong national transmission networks to realize the electric power transmission from the west to the east and the mutual supply between the south and the north is still the main task In China to develop a smart transmission grid should be ranked in a priority Smart transmission grid includes both the construction of a strong UHV grid and the development of the smart dispatch and control technologies 3 Large receiving ends In China the electricity price was not opened to follow the electricity market so the room for demand side management and costumer participation is limited Therefore Smart Grid in China has a much different connotation compared with that used in west countries The smart grid with Chinese characteristics are the means and modes to realize grid asset efficient management enlarge grids capability to serve both electricity producers and electricity users make rational developing planning strategies and optimize system operation under the conditions of continuously lowering costs improving efficiency and benefits and bettering the reliability and availability of the whole power systems with UHV power grid as backbone and the coordinated development of the power grid of various 4 voltage levels and in combination of advanced information communication and control technologies and the advanced managerial philosophy 17 18 IV NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER SYSTEM PLANNING OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHI NA The development of smart grid in china bring forward many new challenges and requirements for power system planning in 5 key te