中西文化對(duì)比-成語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ).ppt

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Beforeastudentgetsthehangofhowtouseidiomsandproverbs,he’llmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldn’tputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsayifyouwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell,that’spartofthegame.,在熟知這些成語(yǔ)的用法前，很多人一定會(huì)犯不少錯(cuò)誤.有些錯(cuò)誤會(huì)使人發(fā)笑.但不必著急，對(duì)這種事要有耐性.可以說(shuō)，學(xué)好外語(yǔ)，就得這樣.,lookout,東西,吃軟不吃硬---bullytheweakbutyieldtoonewhofightsback---tobeopentopersuasion,butnottocoercion,布衣素食---wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood---coarseclothesandsimplefare,getthehangof,holdone’ssideswithlaughter,putsomeoneinastew,putupwithsomething,partofthegame,事情就是這樣,忍受（某事）,使某人煩惱（為難,著急）,捧腹大笑,熟悉；得知,Chapter2IdiomsandProverbs,Whatareidiomsandproverbs?,Chinesemeaning:成語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ),InChinese:四字成語(yǔ),InEnglish:setphrases,idiom:agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,whichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsownandmustbelearntasawholeunit.,proverb:shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice.,Theyarewell-knownsetphrasesorshortsentences,expressingsupposedtruth,wisdomormorallessons.Theyarespecialinstructurewhichsometimesmakestheminexplicablelogicallyorgrammatically.Theycanreflectvividlyanation’sgeography,history,itspeople’slifeexperience,socialviews,thinkingandconceptsaswellasliterature.,,Ⅰ.Similarity,A.Humanexperiencesandobservations,andevenhistoryareinmanyaspectssimilar,whichmakestheexpressionsandtheirmeaningssimilar:,Strikewhiletheironishot.,Manyhandsmakelightwork.,Hastemakeswaste.,Outofsight,outofmind.,眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩.,欲速則不達(dá).,人多好辦事.,趁熱打鐵.,Lookbeforeyouleap.,三思而后行.,Morehaste,lessspeed.,,,Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.,物以類聚，人以群分.,Thingsofakindcometogether,peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup.,Likeattractslike.,Hemostliveswhothinksmost,feelsthenoblestandactsthebest.,Putnotyourhandbetweenthebarkandthetree.,思想深刻,情感高尚,品行端正者活的最好.,別人家中事,最好別插手./不要多管閑事.,Pridegoesbeforeafall.,驕兵必?cái)。?Lifeisnotabedofroses.,生活并不總是充滿鮮花．,Twoofatradeneveragree.,同行多嫉妒.,It’snotthebeardthatmakesthephilosopher.,有志不在年高.,Preventionisbetterthancure.,Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.,,Longhairandshortwit.,Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.,天下沒(méi)有不散的宴席.,頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)，見(jiàn)識(shí)短．,,得寸進(jìn)尺.,預(yù)防勝過(guò)治療.,Fireprovesgold,adversityprovesmen.,Liveandlearn.,烈火顯真金，逆境識(shí)英雄．,活到老，學(xué)到老.,Bloodisthickerthanwater.,Wallhasears.,血濃于水．,隔墻有耳．,Goldenwordsoffendtheears.,忠言逆耳.,Ifyouwouldnotbeknowntodoanything,neverdoit.若要人不知，除非己莫為．Inunityhereisstrength.團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量．Timeismoney.時(shí)間就是金錢.Hewhosebellyisfullbelievesnothimwhoisfasting.飽漢不知餓漢饑．Easiersaidthandone./(It’s)easiertosaythantodo.說(shuō)時(shí)容易做時(shí)難．Idlenessistherootofallevil.懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源．Brevityisthesoulofwit.簡(jiǎn)潔是智慧的精髓.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.Hewhohasnottastedbitterknowsnotwhatsweetis.吃得苦中苦,方知甜上甜.Goodluckwouldnevercomeinpairs.福不雙至．,,,B.InEnglish,someidiomsandproverbsareborrowedfromotherlanguagesanditisthesamewithChinese.,1.EnglishborrowedfromChinese,toloseone’sface丟面子,papertiger紙老虎,tosaveone’sface保面子,2.ChineseborrowedfromEnglish:,aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth以眼還眼，以牙還牙,armedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒,awolfinthesheep’sclothing披著羊皮的狼,turnoveranewleaf揭開(kāi)新的一頁(yè),Theeyeisthewindowofthemind.眼睛是心靈的窗戶.,C.Similarsources:,Fromreligiousworks.Olivebranch---Bible-Genesis,scapegoat---Bible-Leviticus;eyeforeye,toothfortooth---OldTestament-Exodus.現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法；放下屠刀，立地成佛；五體投地．,２.Fromlegendandmythology.Pandora’sBox---GreekMythology;Achilles‘Heel;開(kāi)天辟地；精衛(wèi)填海．,３.Fromfable.Awolfinsheep’sclothing;sourGrapes:狐假虎威．,４.Fromhistoricaleventsandstories.Meetone’sWaterloo;項(xiàng)莊舞劍，意在沛公；鞠躬盡瘁，死而后已；水落石出．,,totalkhorse,Ⅱ.Dissimilarity,A.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinmetaphor:,tobreakabutterflyonthewheel,aratinhole,甕中之鱉,likeadrownedrat,tolookforaneedleinthehay,tofishintheair,像只落湯雞,吹牛,大海撈針,水底撈月,殺雞用牛刀；小題大做,tobeataroundthebush,旁敲側(cè)擊；轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角,,tokick/hitamanwhenheisdown,Anidleyouth,aneedy(貧困的)age.,onceinabluemoon,tocryupwineandsellvinegar,totreaduponeggs,diamondcutdiamond,Justicehaslongarms.,Theburntchilddreadsthefire.,千載難逢,掛羊頭，賣狗肉,如履薄冰,棋逢對(duì)手,落井下石,天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏.,一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井繩.,少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲.,Manyheadsarebetterthanone.,Theproofofthepudding---梨isintheeating.,三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮.,空談不如實(shí)踐．,Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.寧做雞頭，不做鳳尾．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥(niǎo)兒有蟲(chóng)吃.Theforemostdogcatchesthehare.捷足先登./先下手為強(qiáng).Clumsybirdshavetostartearly.笨鳥(niǎo)先飛.Everypotterpraiseshisownpot.老王賣瓜，自賣自夸．toblowone’sownhorn/trumpet自吹自擂.Thefoxpreysfarthestfromhome.兔子不吃窩邊草．Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一花獨(dú)放不是春．Onedropofpoisoninfectsthewholetonofwine.一顆老鼠屎壞了一鍋粥．Setafoxtokeepone‘sgeese.引狼入室．Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt?狗嘴里吐不出象牙.Hethatcomesofahenmustscrape.老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞．Whenthecat‘saway,themicewillplay.山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱大王．Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.欲加之罪，何患無(wú)詞.Loveme,lovemydog.愛(ài)屋及烏.Everydoghashisday.瓦片也有翻身日；人人都有得意時(shí).,Theleopardcanneverchangeitsspot.本性難移.Alittlepotissoonhot.壺小易熱，量小易怒.Letbeggarsmatchwithbeggars.門當(dāng)戶對(duì)./龍配龍,鳳配風(fēng).Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.勿本末倒置.Finefeathersdonotmakefinebirds.人不可貌相.Killtwobirdswithonestone.一石擊二鳥(niǎo)；一箭雙雕.EverydayisnotSunday.好境不長(zhǎng).Faithwillmovemountains.精誠(chéng)所至，金石為開(kāi).Barkingdogsdonotbite.嘴狠手軟./刀子嘴豆腐心.Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火.Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasow’sear.巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊.Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.失之東隅，收之桑榆.Beautifulflowersaresoonpicked.紅顏多薄命.Asyoumakeyourbed,soyoumustlieonit.自作自受，作繭自縛.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滾石不生苔,轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)不聚財(cái).Talkofthedevil,andhe’ssuretoappear.Speakofangels,andyouwillheartheirwings.說(shuō)曹操,曹操到.,B.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinexpression:,Sinkorswim.,自作自受.,Whospitsagainstheaven,itfallsinhisface.,知足者常樂(lè).,Enoughisasgoodasafeast,寧可信其有，不可信其無(wú)．,Bettertobesurethansorry.,失之毫厘，謬以千里．,Amissisasgoodasamile.,機(jī)不可失.,Opportunityseldomknockstwice.,博而不專．,Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.,不吃苦中苦，難得人上人．,Hethathadnocrossdeservesnocrown.,不進(jìn)則退．,Romewasnotbuiltinaday.,冰凍三尺非一日之寒.,Wherethere’ssmokethere’sfire.,無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪.,Topayhimbackinhisowncoin.,Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinatea-cup.,---人倒霉喝涼水都塞牙.,★Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,一個(gè)巴掌拍不響.,Failuresarethepillarsofsuccess.,失敗是成功之母.,Truthneedsnotmanywords.,有理不在聲高.,以其人之道，還治其人之身.,C.Someidiomsandproverbsarecommoninonelanguagebutcompletelyabsentintheother:,1.InEnglish:,tomeetone’sWaterloo,GoDutch.,各人自己付錢.,Thelaststrawbentthecamel.,超出忍耐的極限；忍無(wú)可忍,Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.,多吃蘋果少得病.,keepone’sfingerscrossed,希望好運(yùn)；祈求吉利,bebornwithasilverspooninone’smouth,生在富貴人家,pullthewooloversomeone’seyes,蒙騙某人,putone’sfootinone’smouth,說(shuō)錯(cuò)話；做錯(cuò)事,遭到慘敗,2.InChinese:,---Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch,noryourhatunderaplum-tree---topreventfrombeingconsideredathief,---well-thought-outplan/idea,胸有成竹,盲人瞎馬,---Ablindmanonablindhorse---rushingheadlongtodisaster,---Eventhedogswaggerwhenitsmasterwinsfavor.,一人得道，雞犬升天,---Courtdoormayopen,butnottothepoor,衙門自古朝南開(kāi)，有理無(wú)錢莫進(jìn)來(lái),瓜田不納履，李下不整冠,※InChinese,thereisaspecialexpressioncalled‘thetwo-partsaying.Itisformedbyashortstatementandatagphrasetogiveafurtherexplanationorcommentthatbringsoutthewitorhumor.Thetwo-partsayingdoesnotexistinEnglish.,theEightImmortalscrossthesea---eachdisplayinghisspecialprowess;peopledoingthesamejob,buteachinhisownspecialway,anddoingitwell,茶壺里煮餃子---倒不出來(lái),boilingdumplingsinateapot---nowaytogetthemout;haveideasbutcan’texpressthemorally,八仙過(guò)海---各顯神通,狗拿耗子---多管閑事,Adogcatchingamouse---pokingone’snoseintootherpeople’sbusiness,雞蛋里挑骨頭---故意找錯(cuò),Pickingbonesfromeggs---findingfaultdeliberately,貓哭老鼠---假慈悲,Acatcryingoveramouse’smisfortune---fakemercy,門縫里瞅人---把人看扁了,Gazingatsomeonefrombehindaslightlyopeneddoor---takinganarrowviewofaperson,泥菩薩過(guò)河---自身難保,AclayBuddhacrossingastream---hardlyabletosavehimself,竹籃打水---一場(chǎng)空,千里送鵝毛---禮輕情意重,Travelathousandmilestobestowagoosefeather---asmallgiftbutatokenofprofoundfriendship,鐵打的公雞---一毛不拔,Anironrooster---notafeathercanbepulledout;skinflint,兔子的尾巴---長(zhǎng)不了,Ahare’stail---cannotbe/lastlong,外甥打燈籠---照舊（舅）,Thenephewholdsalanternforhisuncle---thingsstayunchanged,啞巴吃黃連---有苦說(shuō)不出,Adumbpersontastingbitterherb---unabletoexpressbitterfeelings,Drawingwaterwithabamboobasket,drawwaterinasieve---achievingnothing,D.Someexpressionsseemtobeequivalentinmeaningonthesurfaceandsomearedifficulttounderstandbecausetheirliteralmeaningsoundsstrangetoaforeigner.,tohavewordswithsb.,Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,Amissisasgoodasamile.,---toquarrelortohaveanangrydiscussionwithsb.,≠和某人說(shuō)話＝和某人吵架／爭(zhēng)吵,---Ittakesmorethanonepersontoachieveanythingsignificant.,一個(gè)巴掌拍不響,---InChinese,itisawarning;inEnglish,itmerelystateafact,oraphilosophicattitude.,失之毫厘，謬以千里,☆toeat／swallowone’swords,≠自食其言＝收回前言，承認(rèn)錯(cuò)了見(jiàn)ppt27,gildingthelily,Thepotcallsthekettleblack.,直譯：給百合花貼金≠,---spoilingsth.whichisalreadyfineorgoodbyaddingsth.inattempttomakeitbetter,,直譯：鍋笑壺黑≠,五十步笑一百步,---Onetriestoaccuseanotheroffaultssimilartothosecommittedbyhimself.,---addingsth.tomakeagoodthingevenbetter,---Twohavemistakesbutonehaslessthananother.,錦上添花,畫(huà)蛇添足,烏鴉笑豬黑,e.g.Sheaccusedusofbeingextravagant---talkaboutthepotcallingthekettleblack.,togetakickoutof/from(doing)something,toblowonesownhorn(ortrumpet),≠,---togetpleasurefromdoingsth.,≠,各吹各的號(hào),---topraiseone’sownabilitiesandachievements,e.g.Igotakickoutofwatchingthosekidsperform;theirplaymademerealizehowstrangeandfunnywegrown－upsmustseemtothem．,e.g.Ifhe’ssosuccessful，whydoeshehavetokeepblowinghisowntrumpet？,被踢出去,欣賞…或從…中得到極大愉快,自吹自擂,令人發(fā)指,≠,tomakeone’shairstandonend,tomakeone’sbloodboil氣憤,令人毛骨驚然害怕,Thesightmadehishairstandonend—hethoughtitwashisdeadbrothersghost.,e.g.Thenewsaboutthesecorruptofficialsmadeeveryone’sbloodboil.,自食其言,≠,toeatone’sownwords,tobreakone’spromise,收回自己說(shuō)的話,HetoldeveryonehewasabsolutelycertainthathisarticlewouldbepublishedbytheTimes，butwhentheletterofrejectioncame，hehadtoeathisownwords.,e.g.Nownobodywillbelievehim,becausehehasthehabitofbreakinghisownwords.,topullsb.’sleg,≠,拖后腿,愚弄某人,和某人開(kāi)玩笑,hinder,bedragon,abigfishinasmallpond,e.g.---I’mjustpullingyourleg.---Don’tpullmyleg.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg.---Don’tpullmyleg.I’mmovingsohard.,≠,小塘容不下大魚(yú),小地方或小范圍內(nèi)的大人物,林無(wú)鳥(niǎo)，雀為王．,