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1、004 Addition in Translation Practice 1教書(shū)育人I.Introduction l1.Addition is a skill commonly used in translation practice.It has actually been employed in the skill of extension to preserve the meaning of an image or a metaphor and to reproduce the artistic effect.2教書(shū)育人l2.Translation is a kind of explan
2、ation to some extent,without which the TL version may be difficult to understand.E.Nida uses a figure to suggest the necessity of explaining a text in translation 3教書(shū)育人lThe area of the square is equal to that of the rectangle.The channel to readers is too narrow to let the square pass due to linguis
3、tic and cultural diversities.lTherefore,in translation practice,the square must prolonged to be a rectangle for the passing and the area of the rectangle remains the same as that of the square.lThis implies that the original is explained with some additional parts and its total meaning is not change
4、d in the process.4教書(shū)育人l3.Explanation of any type must be different from the original in form,hence the deviation from stylistic features of the original.So it must be adopted with carefulness in translation practice.Here exists the matter of degree.5教書(shū)育人l4.Addition is always to add what is implied b
5、ut not explicitly expressed in the form.l5.Addition is also in conflict with conciseness which is one the principles in language use.6教書(shū)育人II.Discussion in Detail lTypes of AdditionlSyntactical addition:to meet the needs of TL syntaxlSemantic addition:for the clearness and completion of meaning in TL
6、 versionlArtistic addition:for artistic effectlAll these are to improve the readability of the TL version and be faithful to the original.7教書(shū)育人l1.Syntactical additionla.Add what is omitted in the originallHe knows nothing to his fellowmen,breathes nothing to his fellowmen but friendship and brotherl
7、y kindness.l他對(duì)自己的同胞只知道朋友之誼和兄弟之情，而且只表示朋友之誼和兄弟之情。8教書(shū)育人lb.Add when a verb or prep is followed by several objectslBut this naval competition strained the Liberal Governments principles as well as their budgets.l但這種海軍戰(zhàn)備競(jìng)賽使自由黨政府的原則無(wú)法自圓其說(shuō)，也使其預(yù)算捉襟見(jiàn)肘。9教書(shū)育人lIgnorance is the mother of fear as well as of admira
8、tion.l無(wú)知是羨慕的根源，也是恐懼的根源。lThe early Georgians used to walk in muddy lanes or over blown downs or through dim,green-gray beech-woods or fragrant forests of pine.l早期的喬治亞人或是走過(guò)泥濘小路，風(fēng)積沙丘，或是穿行于青卷幽暗的山毛櫸叢與芳馥的松林之間。10教書(shū)育人lPeople forget your face first,then your name.l人們首先忘記你的容貌，接著又忘記你的名字。11教書(shū)育人l2.Semantic addit
9、ionla.For clarityzeugma(軛式搭配)=syllepsis(一語(yǔ)雙敘法)lShe opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.l她向這個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男孩打開(kāi)了大門(mén)，也就向他敞開(kāi)了心扉。12教書(shū)育人lHe caught a bus and a cold.l他趕上了公共汽車(chē)，于是也就趕上了一場(chǎng)感冒。lHe took my advice and my wallet.l他接受了我的建議，也掏空了我的錢(qián)包。lHe lost his coat and his temper.l他丟了上衣，便發(fā)了脾氣。13教書(shū)育人lwhen I and
10、 my sorrows are dust.(The Tale of Two Cities)l等到我的尸骨化為灰燼，我的悲哀也隨風(fēng)散去時(shí)。lweeping eyes and heartsl一雙流淚的眼睛，一顆哭泣的心靈 14教書(shū)育人b.Add what is impliedlHe also found the time for carrying out at least two passionate love affairs.l他也忙里偷閑，至少有過(guò)兩次艷遇。lHe wanted to learn,to know,to teach.l他想學(xué)習(xí)，增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)，也想把自己的知識(shí)教給別人。l他博覽群書(shū)，知
11、識(shí)淵博，好為人師。15教書(shū)育人lThe sole criterion of the greatness of art is its eternal power to impress and arouse.l衡量藝術(shù)是否偉大的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就是看它那產(chǎn)生深刻印象并喚醒人們的永恒力量。lHe was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.l他滿(mǎn)臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)稀疏灰白。16教書(shū)育人lc.Add category words after abstract nounlIn the land of individual freedom of choice th
12、e option to escape individualization and refuse to participate in the individualizing game is emphatically not on the agenda.l在個(gè)體的自由選擇中，要想逃避分化過(guò)程分化過(guò)程，拒絕加入分化活動(dòng)是絕對(duì)不可能的。17教書(shū)育人ld.Add overlapping words or numerals to indicate plurality le.Addition denoting tensecontrast of tense lThey had always been able
13、 to control things.Now control was getting away from all of them.l他們以前一向能夠控制局面，而現(xiàn)在他們的這一控制正在逐漸喪失。18教書(shū)育人lAnd instead of the raisins(dried grape)they give when a womans lying in,they stuffed my hand full of goat turds.l平日里，要是哪個(gè)婆娘坐月子，他們準(zhǔn)發(fā)些葡萄干?？赡腔厝税碀M(mǎn)手的羊屎球。19教書(shū)育人f.Addition denoting tonelAll that made thi
14、s Christmas Day was my knowing it was.l今天算是圣誕節(jié)，只是因?yàn)槲抑朗鞘フQ節(jié)罷了。(weakening the strength of meaning)lThe little boy had brought with him knife,scissors and what not,tinkling in his pocket.l這小孩身帶著刀子啦、剪子啦，以及諸如此類(lèi)的東西，在口袋里丁鈴當(dāng)啷地直響。20教書(shū)育人g.Addition due to specific background lNixon learned that the country wou
15、ld welcome a presidential visit.l尼克松了解到，該國(guó)歡迎美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。lThe weak meets the weak;but both feel like Davids fighting Goliaths./galaieth/l弱者與弱者相遇，弱者與弱者對(duì)壘；但是兩者都感到像是牧羊人大衛(wèi)與腓力斯巨人歌利亞之間的鏖戰(zhàn)。21教書(shū)育人h.Addition for coherence lThis difference,to be sure,only magnifies the privileges which the attackers in a hit-and-r
16、un global war share with the torturer.l當(dāng)然，兩者的這一差異只是讓人們更清楚地看到種種特權(quán)，打后就逃的全球性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的攻擊者與施行折磨之人共享這些特權(quán)。22教書(shū)育人lThey are not needed as the would-be producers;but in a society in which consumers are cast as the driving force of economic prosperity,the poor are also worthless as consumer.l不需要他們，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇俏磥?lái)的生產(chǎn)者；但是，在
17、一個(gè)消費(fèi)者而不是生產(chǎn)者被認(rèn)做經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的驅(qū)動(dòng)力量的社會(huì)中，窮人作為消費(fèi)者是毫無(wú)價(jià)值的。23教書(shū)育人3.Artistic Addition lMy Solitude being no longer endurable,I went out and walked the town for hours.l寂寞難耐，我隨外出，走街串巷走街串巷達(dá)數(shù)小時(shí)之久。lNot to meander at present,I will go back to my birth.l現(xiàn)在不再離題太遠(yuǎn)，還是言歸正傳還是言歸正傳，接著說(shuō)我是怎樣出生的。24教書(shū)育人l(Tempest)Juno:lHonor riches,marriage blessing,/Long continuance and increasing,/Hourly joys be still upon you.l富貴尊榮/美滿(mǎn)良姻/百年偕老子孫盈庭/幸福朝朝，歡娛暮暮。25教書(shū)育人lThe innate love of melody gave the simplest music a power which could well-nigh drag her heart out of her bosom at times.l他對(duì)音樂(lè)的天生愛(ài)好使這樸實(shí)的樂(lè)曲有時(shí)具有蕩蕩氣回腸、沁人心脾氣回腸、沁人心脾的力量。26教書(shū)育人27教書(shū)育人
Addition 增詞翻譯法【教育知識(shí)】
