自考英語本科 高級英語 考點精析

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1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流 自考英語本科 高級英語 考點精析 .....精品文檔...... 考點精析 Lesson one Rock Superstars : What do they tell us about ourselves and our society ? # Sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. sprinkle v. to scatter in drop

2、s or small grains 噴/灑/撒 eg: Sprinkle sand along the icy path . 把沙子撒在冰封的路上. # They surge to follow him , eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops . surge v. to move ,esp.forward ,in or like powerful waves 洶涌,澎湃 eg: The crowd surged past him . 人潮從他身邊洶涌而過. n. strong,wavelike ,forward movement

3、 波濤,巨浪 eg: The surge crashed against the coast .洶涌的波濤拍打著海岸. # How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship ? adulation n. praise that is more than necessary or deserved 奉承,諂媚 eg: He received many adulations from his colleagues .他受到許多同事的奉承. adulate v. praise more than is truthful

4、 to win favor 奉承,逢迎 eg:The leader are easily adulated . 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)容易受逢迎. # Do you share Chris Singer's almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan ? reverence n. great respect 尊敬,崇敬 eg:They show great reverence to him .他們對他極為尊敬. v. admire or respect 尊敬,崇敬 eg: He was still reverenced by people after many

5、 years . 多年以后他仍然受到人們的尊敬. reverent adj. having a feeling of reverence 崇敬的 eg:This is a reverent behavior . 這是一種崇敬的行為. # It's just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s. embody v. express 表達(dá) eg: Words embody thought . 文字表達(dá)思想. embodiment n. someone or somethi

6、ng in which something is embodied . 化身,體現(xiàn) eg : Dove is the embodiment of peace . 鴿子是和平的象征. # He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of the older generation. bewilderment n. confusion 困惑 eg: Imagine my bewilderment when she said that . 她說那句話時你可以想像我多困惑. bewilder v. confuse 迷惑 eg: Big ci

7、ty 's traffic bewilders me . 大城市的交通使我不知所措. bewildering adj. very confusing 令人迷惑不解的 eg: What she had said was bewildering to me . 她所說的令我迷惑不解. bewildered adj. completely puzzled 迷惑不解 eg: He was bewildered by her question . 他被她的問題弄得不知所措. 難句詳解 @ "jagger ," he said , " grads a half-galloo

8、n jug of water and runs along the front platform , sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners . " sprinkling 是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語, 表示伴隨發(fā)生的動作. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時, 通常表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動作, 對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作為陪襯. 例如: We worked there for a week , helping them to prepare for the international conferenc

9、e . 注意: 分詞這樣用時, 所表示的必須是主語的一個動作或狀態(tài). 試比較下列句子: Standing on the mountain , one could see the whole city . (正確) Standing on the mountain , the whole city could be seen . (錯誤) "one"是動作的發(fā)出者, 可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語. @ "Ooh," gasped a girl dressed in black . dressed in black 是過去分詞作定語, 可變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句who was dressed in

10、black. @They think he is sick ,sick ,sick . They think his performance is disgusting . @ How can you stand that stuff ? stand : bear, tolerate 忍受 eg:1. This work will hardly stand close examination . 這項工作經(jīng)不起仔細(xì)檢驗. 2.No one can stand his behaviour . 沒人能忍受他的行為. @ Bob Dylan and the

11、 Band were tuning for a concert . tune: set a musical instrument at proper musical level 給樂器調(diào)音 @ Do you share Chris Singer's almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan ? share: to be among those who have an opinion 同意, 贊同 eg: 1.We can't share your faith that everything will be all right .

12、 對于你那一切會平安無事的信念,我們不能同意. 2. Do you share my advice ?你同意我的建議嗎? @ Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown , draw : attract 吸引 eg: 1.The film is drawing big audience . 電影吸引了大量觀眾. 2.They feel drawn towards her . 他們被她吸引住了. somehow 是副詞, 表示" 不知是什么原因" , " 不知怎么地". eg: Somehow h

13、e made the same mistake again . 不知怎么地,他又犯了同樣的錯誤. @ It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration . It is...who...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語以外的部分,只能用連詞 that 和 who (指人),不能用 when,where ,why 等. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語用助動詞 do, does , did 幫助強(qiáng)調(diào). 例: 1.It was on this street that I saw him last time .我上次就是在這條街上看到他的.

14、2.It was Mr. Li who repaired the desks and chairs on Sunday .是李先生在星期日修理了這些桌椅. 3.I do apologize for what i have done . 我對我所做的事情表示道歉. 4.He did come yesterday . 昨天他確實來了. @ It's just that Elvis managed to embody ... manage to : succeed in dealing with a difficult action 成功 eg: 1.She managed to ca

15、rry the heavy box . 她成功地搬起那個重箱子. 2.How can you manage to work out this problem ? 你是怎樣成功地解決這個問題的? @ Rock music is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force . rather than: more, in a greater degree 倒不如 eg:1.John ought to go rather than jean. 約翰比瓊更應(yīng)該去. 2. These shoes are

16、 comfortable rather than pretty . 這些鞋不好看可是舒服. @ Newpapers editorialized against him . Newspapers carry the editors' articles attcking him . @ These rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs . They reflect emotions and outlooks . @ What do we give them in return ? in return : in exchange ,

17、 in payment for 作為回報 eg:1.Give her some roses in return for her kindness . 送她一些玫瑰花答謝她的好意. 2. We invited him to have dinner in return for his help . 我們請他吃晚飯, 作為他對我們幫助的回報. @ Who never conceived of us billion-dollar babies . conceive of : think of , consider eg: 1. It's difficul

18、t to conceive of travelling to the moon .很難想像去月球旅行的情景. 2.In the old times the earth was conceived of as flat . 古時候地球被認(rèn)為是平的. Lesson Two four choices for young people 考點精析 # Our generation views the adult world with great skepticism . skepticism n. doubt , believing without certainty 懷疑態(tài)

19、度 eg: We all have skepticism about his motive . 我們都對他的動機(jī)表示懷疑. skeptical adj. unwilling to believe , distrustful 懷疑的,不相信的 eg: I'm skeptical about the team's chance of winning . 我不相信這個隊會有機(jī)會贏. # Apprently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries . contemporary adj. belonging to the same t

20、ime 同時代的 eg: Were you contemporary with that musician ? 你和那位音樂家是同時代的人嗎? n. a person born or living at the same time as another 同時代的人 eg: Jack and i were contemporaries at college. 杰克和我同時讀大學(xué). # This is one of the oldest expedients . expedient n. a plan , idea or action 權(quán)宜之計 eg: As I have forgo

21、tten my key , the only expedient is to climb in through the window . 我忘了帶鑰匙,權(quán)宜之計只有從窗戶爬進(jìn)去了. adj. useful or helpful for a purpose 有用的, 有利的. eg: She thought it expedient not to tell her mother where she had been . 她認(rèn)為不告訴她母親她去哪里比較妥當(dāng). # It always has been the strategy of choice for people who f

22、ind the world too brutal or too complex to be endured . brutal adj. cruel 殘忍的 eg: She can not bear his brutal behavior . 她無法容忍他殘忍的行為. brutality n. crulty 殘忍 eg: We can't put up with his brutality .我們無法忍受他的殘忍. brutalize v. make brutal 使變殘忍 eg: he was brutalized by his former experience . 以前

23、的經(jīng)歷使他變得殘忍. brute n. a cruel person 殘忍的人 eg: We all wait to punish the brute . 我們都想懲罰那個殘忍的人. # Some of us find it distasteful . distasteful adj. disagreeable , unpleasant 討厭的,令人不愉快的 eg: The very idea of cheating him is distasteful to me .就是要騙他這個念頭,我已經(jīng)覺得倒胃口了. distaste : n. dislike 厭惡 eg: He

24、 turned away in distaste .他厭惡地走開了. # But in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way . migration n. migrating 遷移,移民 eg: A huge migration of people went to U.S.A.大量移民涌至美國. migrate v. move from one place to another 遷移,遷居 eg: Some birds migrate from the north to the south of th

25、e country in winter . 一些鳥在冬天從北方遷到南方. migratory adj. having teh habit of migrating 有遷移習(xí)慣的,漂泊的 eg:migratory tribes 游牧部落 migrant n. one who migrates , esp. a bird 移居者,候鳥 # This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process or who

26、 believe that the basic institutions can only be changed by force . tedious adj. long and tiring , uninteresting 冗長的,疲勞的,沉悶的,乏味的 eg: I struggled to finish the tedious book . 我勉強(qiáng)讀完了那本乏味的書. tedium n. boredom 單調(diào),乏味 eg: He has got used to the tedium of life here . 他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這里單調(diào)的生活. # usually s

27、ymbolized by some dashing and charismatic figue . symbolize v. represent by one or more symbols 象征,以符號表示 eg: Dove symbolizes peace .鴿子象征著和平. symbol n. a sign , shape or object which represents a person ,idea , value , etc.象征,符號 eg: In the picture the tree is the symbol of life .這幅畫中樹是生命聽象征

28、. symbolic adj. using a symbol 象征的 eg: The power of Mikado in Japan is symbolic . 日本天皇的權(quán)利是象征性的. # It has the even greater appeal of simplicity simplicity n. the state of being simple 簡單,樸素,單純,率直 eg : He believes everything with childlike simplicity .他以孩子般的天真去相信一切事情. simplify v. make si

29、mple 簡化 eg : That will simplify my task . 那將會簡化我的工作. simple adj. plain , easy to understand 簡樸的, 簡單的 eg: The plan sounds simple enough but it won't be so simple to put it into action . 這個計劃聽起來很簡單, 但若要將他付諸實現(xiàn)恐怕沒有那么簡單. # They lived , in bitter disillusionment ... disillussionment n. freedom

30、 from illusions 醒悟/幻想破滅 eg : Now she is in a state of complete disillusionment .現(xiàn)在她徹底醒悟了. disillusion v. free from a wrong idea , tell or show the truth to 使覺醒,曉以事實 eg : She doesn't know her father is a thief , and I don't want to disillusion her . 她不知道她父親是個小偷, 我也不想把這事告訴她, 令她難過. disill

31、usioned adj. disappointed 大失所望 eg : She is disilusioned with her friends . 她對她的朋友大失所望. # I am not , of course , suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing . accomplish v. succeed in doing , finish successfully 成功完成 eg : We tried to arrange a peace but accomplished nothing . 我們試圖調(diào)停以求和平, 但

32、沒有成功. accomplishment n. something completely and successfully done 成就 eg : He is known for his accomplishment in improving the country's hopitals . 他在改善全國醫(yī)院的方面卓有成就. # It lacks glamour . glamour n. charm 魅力 eg : glamour of moonlight 迷人的月光 glamorous adj. full of charm 有魅力的 eg : glamorou

33、s singers有魅力的歌星 # It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making . exasperate v. irritate , make ill feeling 激怒,引起憤怒 eg : It is exasperating to fail the exam . 考試不及格令人惱火. exasperation n. irritation and anger 惱火,憤怒 eg : He shouted in e

34、xasperation . 他憤怒地大喊. 難句詳解 @ He speaks for a lot of his contemporaries . A lot of students contemporary with him at college have the same ideas with him . @ Their attitude might be summed up about like this . sum up : express briefly , form a judgement of 總結(jié) eg : 1. The teacher summed up th

35、e result of the exam .老師總結(jié)了考試結(jié)果. 2.He quickly summed her up . 他很快對她下了評論. @ These conclusions strike me as reasonable . The conclusions leave me an impression that they are reasonable . @ drop out : give up , withdraw 放棄,退出 eg : 1. John dropped out of the basketball team . 約翰不參加籃球隊了.

36、 2. We should help those who drop out of university because of economic reasons . 我們應(yīng)該幫助那些由于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因從大學(xué)退學(xué)的學(xué)生. @ Its practioners batten on the society . batten on : thrive at the expense of others 損及某人而自肥 eg: It is not fair to batten on one's relatives . 占自己親戚的便宜以自肥是不光彩的. @ This s

37、trategy also has ancient antecedents . This is not the first time we use this method . We had the similar strategies in the old times . @ to contribute something to the general community contribute ...to... : help , donate 貢獻(xiàn),捐獻(xiàn) eg : 1. They contribute money to the Red Cross . 他們向紅十字會捐錢.

38、 2. We should contribute to the development of our country . 我們應(yīng)該為國家的發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn) @ Whose revolutions did not come off . come off : happen , succeed 發(fā)生, 成功 eg : 1. The sports meet comes off tomorrow .運(yùn)動會明天舉行. 2. Did your experiment come off ? 你的試驗成功了嗎? @ some clearly do change things for

39、 the better . do 是助動詞, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用. eg : 1. we do want to help you . 我們確實是要幫助你. 2. He did finish the work on time . 他的確準(zhǔn)時完成了工作. @ cleansed of all human meanness cleanse of : get rid of , make clean 去掉 eg : He has cleansed of the wrong ideas . 他已經(jīng)清除了錯誤的觀念. @ The ecnomic machinery had b

40、roken down ... break down : become useless , collapse 損壞,破裂 eg : 1. The bus broke down half way . 半路汽車出毛病了. 2.Negotiations have broken down . 談判已破裂. @ of keeping our cities from becoming uninhabitalbe keep...from... 后加 doing sth 阻止 eg: 1.They kept him from carrying on the plan . 他們阻止他

41、實施計劃. 2. Keep the children from swimming in the river . 別讓孩子到河里游泳. Lesson Three The use of Force 考點精析 # a big starled looking woman startle v. give a shock of surprise 使吃驚, 使驚愕 eg: She was startled to see him looking so sad 看到他這么悲傷,使她大為吃驚. # Very clean and apologetic who merely said

42、apologetic adj. expressing regret 道歉的, 表示歉意的 eg: He was apologetic for coming late .他由于遲到表示歉意. apologize v. say one is sorry 道歉 eg: I apologized for stepping on her foot . 我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉. apology n. statement of being impolite 道歉,謝罪 eg : Please accept my apologies . 請接受我的道歉. # eyeing m

43、e up and down distrustfully eye n. organ of sight 眼睛 eg: Her children have blue eyes . 她的孩子的眼睛是藍(lán)色的. v. observe , watch 觀看 eg: He was eyeing me jealously . 他正妒嫉地看著我. # But i did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly I approached the child again . appr

44、oach v. come near 接近 eg: As summer approached , the weather became hotter . 因為夏天漸近, 天氣變得熱了. n. way , method 方法 eg: this is the best approach to slove the problem . 這是解決問題的最好方法. # Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology . embarrassment

45、 n. embarrassing or being embarrassed 窘迫,難堪 eg: John suffered much embarrassment . 約翰飽經(jīng)窘迫. embarrass v. cause to feel awkward 使難堪 eg: She was embarrassed by what he said to her . 他的話使她很尷尬. embarrassing adj. 令人難堪的 eg: This is an embarrassing situation . 這是一個令人難堪的境地. # The mother admonished her

46、 severly . admonish v. warn or advise 告誡,勸告 eg: We admonished him to seek professional help .我們勸他向?qū)I(yè)人士求助. # The parents were comtemptible to me . comtemptible adj. deserving or provoking contempt 可鄙的, 卑劣的 eg: That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend . 用那種手段欺騙朋友是可鄙的. contemptuous

47、 adj. showing contempt 表示輕蔑的, 蔑視的 eg: She is contemptutous of my humble home . 她看不起我家居簡陋. contempt n. mental attitude of despising 輕視,蔑視 eg: i feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior . 我蔑視這種不誠實的行為. # In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject , crushed , exhausted .

48、ensue v. happen later 繼而發(fā)生 eg: They said the building would be finished during the ensuing year . 他們說此大樓來年完工. # While the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension . apprehension n. fear , unhappy feeling of future . 恐懼,憂慮 eg: she felt app

49、rehension for the safety of her son . 她為兒子的安全感到憂慮 . apprehend v. fear 憂慮,恐懼 eg: Do you apprehend any difficulty ? 你怕有困難嗎? apprehensive adj. worried 憂慮的 eg: He is apprehensive of further defeats . 他擔(dān)心再失敗. # But now I also had grown furious ---at a child . furious adj. violent , angry in an

50、 uncontrolled way 猛烈的, 狂怒的 eg: He will be furious with us if we are late . 如果我們遲到,他會很生氣的. fury n. great anger 憤怒 eg: She couldn't speak for fury .她憤怒得說不出話來. 難句詳解 @ but I motioned for him not to bother motion : indicate by a gesture 示意 eg:1. The teacher motioned to me to enter the classro

51、om .老師示意我進(jìn)教室. 2.She motioned to me to come nearer . 她示意我再走近一些. @ It was up to me to tell them . up to me : my duty 有責(zé)任,有義務(wù) eg: 1.It is up to the students to study hard . 學(xué)生理應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí). 2.It is up to us to give them all the help we can . 我們理應(yīng)竭盡所能給他們以幫助. @ She had magnificent blonde hair

52、 , in profusion . in profusion : in great supply , abundance 大量 eg : 1. The roses in the garden grow in profusion . 花園里的玫瑰花大量盛開. 2. He makes promises in profusion , but never realizes them . 他做過許多許諾 , 但從未實現(xiàn). @ If only they wouldn't use the word " hurt " . if only 引起的驚嘆句后邊用虛擬語氣, 從句動詞使用相當(dāng)

53、于陳述語氣的過去時態(tài)或過去將來時態(tài). eg: 1. If only i had listened to your advice . 我要是聽了你的建議就好了. 2. If only the letter had arrived in time . 信要及時到了就好了. @ For heaven's sake , i broke in . break in : enter by force , interrupt 插入, 闖入 eg: 1. Please don't break in on our conversation . 請不要打斷我們的談話. 2. th

54、ieves broke in his house last week . 小偷上周進(jìn)入他的房子行竊. @ and possibly die of it die of :死于疾病/饑餓/悲傷 die from : 死于其他原因 eg: 1. In the old time many people died of hunger . 過去有許多人由于饑餓而死亡. 2. The soldier died from a wound . 士兵由于受傷不治而死. @ Insane fury of effort bred her terror of me . bred : P.

55、P of " breed " , be the cause of 造成 eg: 1. War breeds misery and ruin . 戰(zhàn)爭造成苦難與災(zāi)害. 2.Waste gas of cars breeds air pollution . 汽車的尾氣造成空氣污染. @ I tried to hold my self down . hold down : control , keep down or under 控制 eg: 1. We must hold prices down . 我們必須控制物價. 2. Slave owners held sla

56、ves down before the emancipation . 奴隸獲得解放之前受奴隸主的壓迫 . @ she reduced it to splinters . reduce to : Change to , bring to certain condition 變成 eg: 1. He has been reduced almost to skeleton . 他瘦得幾乎變成 了一個骨頭架子. 2. The teacher reduced the noisy students to order. 老師使吵鬧的學(xué)生恢復(fù)秩序. Lesson Four D

57、ie as You Choose 考點精析 # The need for laws on euthanasia can not be dodged for much longer . dodge v. move quickly to one side to avoid something . 閃避,躲避 eg: I dodged behind a tree so that he should not see me . 我躲在樹后使他看不見我. n. quick movement to evade something 躲閃 eg: He made a sudden dodg

58、e to the left . 他突然向左一閃. # Euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment condemn v. express strong disapproval of someone or some action 責(zé)備,譴責(zé) eg : Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort . 大部分人都極力譴責(zé)暴力. # Right now it is going over the arguments about euthanasia once a

59、gain . argument n. disagreement , quarrel 意見不合, 爭論 eg: The player had an argument with the referee. 運(yùn)動員和裁判員進(jìn)行了爭論. argue v. express disagreement 爭論,爭吵 eg: Don't argue with me , my decision is final . 不要跟我爭論, 這已經(jīng)是我的最后決定了. arguable adj. that can be argued about 可爭論的,可討論的 eg: This question

60、is still arguable .這個問題還可以討論. # In which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request . anonymous adj. without a name or with a name that is not made known 無名的,匿名的 eg: an anonymous letter 匿名信 an author who remains anonymous 一直不知名的作家 # Its autho

61、r claims that he ( or she ) met the cancer patient for the first time . claim v. 1. state or assert 聲稱 2.demand or request 索要 eg : 1. Don't claim to know what you don't know . 不要強(qiáng)不知以為知 2. Has anyone claimed this watch ?有人來領(lǐng)這只表嗎? # When Californians may vote on a proposed law l

62、egalizing euthanasia . legalize v. make lawful 使合法 eg : They legalize the sale of alcoholic drinks by doing so .他們這樣做使販酒合法化了. legal adj. allowed or made by law , lawful 法律上的, 合法的, 法定的 eg : Is euthanasia legal ? 安樂死合法嗎? # active euthanasia -killing remains controversial . controversial

63、adj. likely to cause argument or disagreement 引起爭論的 eg : This is the controversial book . 這就是引起許多爭論的那本書. controversy n. urgument about something over which there is much disagreement 爭論 eg : The point in controversy is not whether we should do it , but whether we can do it . 爭論的焦點不是我們

64、該不該做, 而是我們能不能做. # It is not clear why the religious objections of others should intrude on his death . intrude v. enter without invitation 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 eg: I hope I am not intruding .我希望沒有打擾你. intrusion n. the act of intruding 闖入, 侵?jǐn)_ eg : This is an intrusion upon other people's time . 這是侵?jǐn)_別人的時間.

65、 intrusive adj. of or concerning intrusion 侵?jǐn)_的 eg: It is intrusive to go into other people's privacy . 走進(jìn)別人的隱私是一種侵?jǐn)_. # Countries with an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some limited rules for voluntary euthanasia . libertarian n. a person who stands f

66、or freedom in matters of thought , religion , etc 自由論者 @ and almost never comes to light come to light : become known , be levealed or discovered 公布于眾 eg : 1.At last his bribable behaviour came to light . 最后他的受賄行為被公布于眾. 2. The result of the election came to light last week . 選舉結(jié)果上周公布于眾. @ Right now it is going over teh arguments about euthanasia once again . go over : examine the details of 檢查細(xì)節(jié) eg : 1.We must go over the accounts carefully before we settle them . 在結(jié)帳以前,我們必須將賬目仔細(xì)