2022年高中英語 Unit 2 Grammar導(dǎo)學案 新人教版必修2

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1、2022年高中英語 Unit 2 Grammar導(dǎo)學案 新人教版必修2 英語中的分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征。在句子中可以作定語，表語，賓語補足語和狀語。 考點一 現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式 及物動詞(do) 不及物動詞(go) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 一般式 doing being done going 完成式 having done having been done having gone 1．現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式 一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作一般同時進行。如： They

2、came in talking and laughing．他們談笑著進來了。 Seeing nobody there，he turned off the lights． 看到?jīng)]人在那，他就把燈關(guān)了。 2．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前。如： Having cleaned the desks，we began reading． 擦完了桌子后，我們便開始看書。 Having been surrounded for a month，the enemy had to give in． 被包圍一個

3、月后，敵人不得不投降了。 3．現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)分為一般式和完成式兩種。一般式表示一個被動動作正在進行?；蚺c謂語表示的動作同時進行。完成式表示一個被動動作在謂語表示的動作之前已經(jīng)完成了。如： The building being built will be our school library． 正在建造的那座大樓將是我們的校圖書館。 [例] ____ ，we were taken to Bee the library. A．We had been shown the classrooms B．Being

4、shown the classrooms C．Having been shown the classrooms D．Having shown the classrooms [解析] 句意：我們先被領(lǐng)著看了教室，又被帶去看圖書館。首先，句子主語與show之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，因此可排除D項；A項為句子，需要加連詞連接兩個分句；B項相當于While we were being shown the classrooms，顯然與后面的時間有沖突，故只有C項正確。 4．現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在分詞前加not。如： Not daring

5、to speak，they sat there silent．他們不敢說話，坐在那里一聲不吭。 Not having seen the film，I'm afraid I can’t say anything about it． 由于沒看過那部電影，恐怕我對它說不出什么來。 考點二 現(xiàn)在分詞的基本用法 1．作定語 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞前。如果是短語則放在它所修飾的名詞后。如： I am reading an interesting book．我在看一本有趣的書。 Do you know the m

6、an sitting there?你認識坐在那里的人嗎? (2)現(xiàn)在分詞修飾something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時，要放在這些詞的后面。如： There’s nothing interesting in his story． 他的故事中沒什么有意思的東西。 Will those teaching the children from abroad e to the headmaster's office? 那些教國外孩子的老師請到校長辦公室來好嗎? 2．作

7、表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征。如： The story is very touching．這個故事很動人。 The news is encouraging．這消息令人鼓舞。 注意 be+v．-ing有三種不同的句法功能和含義： a．用作進行時，表示謂語動作正在進行(v．-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞)。 He is repairing his bike．他在修理他的自行車。 b．v．-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞，用作表語，表示句中主語所具有的特征，動作意味減弱。(世時的現(xiàn)在分詞相當于一個形容詞) This film is

8、exciting．這部電影激動人心。 e．v．-ing為動名詞，用作表語。此時，主語和表語的概念是相同的。 The problem is finding land for it．問題是要為此找到土地。 (The problem=finding land for it．) Her job is looking after children．她的工作是照看孩子。 3．作補語 表示感覺的動詞see，hear，feel，notice，watch，look at，listen to，smell以及表示“使”“讓”的動詞have，get，keep

9、，send，set，find，catch(撞見)等后常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。 如果把這些句子變成被動語態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語。 I saw a girl running towards me．我看到一個女孩正朝我跑來。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting．對不起，讓你久等了。 The police caught him stealing a car．警察當場撞見他在偷汽車。 4．作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示時間、原因、伴隨或方式、條件、讓步、結(jié)果等，且都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。 Walkin

10、g in the park，she saw an old friend．(時間狀語) 當她在公園里散步時，她看到了她的一個老朋友。 Not knowing his address，I can’t write to him．(原因狀語) 由于不知道他的地址，我無法給他寫信。 He came running back to tell me the news．(方式狀語) 他跑回來告訴我這個消息。 Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，blocking roads，pa

11、ths and railway lines．(結(jié)果狀語) 大風刮倒了1500萬棵樹，阻塞了大小道路和鐵路線。 注意 英語中有一部分分詞短語。它獨立存在，沒有自己的邏輯主語。這些分詞短語已成為固定的習慣用語，常被看作句子的插入語，常見的有： generally speaking一般說來。 strictly(honestly／frankly／roughly／broadly／)speaking 嚴格地(誠實地／坦白地／粗略地／泛泛地)說 considering...考慮到……；鑒于…… judging from／by...根據(jù)…

12、…判斷 taking all／everything into consideration從各方面考慮 Considering his age，he is quite tall．鑒于他的年齡，他長得確實高。 Judging from his look，he didn’t agree with you at all． 從他的神情判斷，他根本不同意你的看法。 【鞏固訓(xùn)練】 ( )1 More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays， ____ advantage of t

13、he health and relaxation benefits． A．taking B．taken C．having taken D．having been taken ( )2 The old man， ____ abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland． A．to work B．working C．to have worked D．having worked ( )3 ____ of danger in the street at night，she had

14、to go home，with a friend ____ her． A．Warned；followed B．Warning；following C．Having warned；following D．Having been warned；following ( )4 Having no money but ____ to know， he simply said he would go without dinner． A．not to want anyone B．wanted no one C．not wanting anyone D．to

15、 want no one ( )5 ____ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest． A．Not realized B．Not to realize C．Not realizing D．Not to have realized ( )6 The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ____ the desert． A．covering B．covered C．cover D．to cover

16、 ( )7 The programme was so ____ that the children kept their eyes ____ on the screen． A．exciting；fixed B．exciting；fixing C．excited；fixed D．excited；fixing ( )8 —Why did you go back to the shop? —I left my friend ____ there． A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．waits ( )9 D

17、on’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth． A．run B．running C．being run D．to run ( )10 He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting ( )11 We often provide our children with toys， footballs

18、 or basketballs， ____ that all children like these things． A．thinking B．think C．to think D．thought ( )12 Don’t sit there ____ nothing，e and help me with this table． A．do B．to do C．doing D．a(chǎn)nd doing ( )13 The storm left， ____ a lot of damage to this area． A．caused B．t

19、o have caused C．to cause D．having caused ( )14 ____ ，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality． A．General speaking B．Speaking general C．Generally speaking D．Speaking generally ( )15 ____ with so much trouble，we failed to plete the task on time． A．Faced B．Face

20、 C．Facing D．To face ( )16 It is believed that if a book is ____ ，it will surely ____ the reader． A．interested；interest B．interesting；be interested C．interested；be interesting D．interesting；interest ( )17 Mr．Smith， ____ of the speech，started to read a novel． A．tired；boring B

21、．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring ( )18 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing． A．seat B．seating C．seated D．to be seating ( )19 The meeting ____ over，he went to pick up his son directly． A．to be B．is C．was D．be

22、ing ( )20 ____ ，we’ ll go out for a walk． A．Weather permits B．Weather to permit C．Weather permitted D．Weather permitting ( )21 Everything ____ into consideration，they ought to have another chance． A．to take B．taken C．to be taken D．taking ( )22 I couldn’t do my homework wit

23、h all that noise ____ . A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on ( )23 His words were very ____ ．Everyone was ____ by what he had said． A．frightened；frightening B．frightening；frightening C．frightened；frightened D．frightening；frightened ( )24 ____ that she was going o

24、ff to sleep，I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed． A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen ( )25 After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’ voice ____ him． A．calling B．called C．being called D．to call ( )26 I smell something ____ in the kitchen．Can I call you

25、back in a minute? A．burning B．burnt C．being burnt D．to be burnt ( )27 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____ in his lectures． A．interested B．interesting C．interest D．to interest ( )28 Laws that punish parents for their little children’s

26、actions against the laws get parents ____ ． A．worried B．to worry C．worrying D．worry ( )29 Mrs．White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and ____ very worried． A．look B．looks C．looking D．to look ( )30 —It was too cold yesterday morning， and I couldn’t get my ca

27、r ____ . —Why didn’t you try ____ the battery with some hot water? A．started；to fill B．to run；filling C．going；fill D．starting；filling ( )31 ____ in the queue for half an hour， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car． A．Waiting B．To wait C．Having waited

28、 D．To have waited ( )32 I hear they’ ve promoted Tom，but he didn’t mention ____ when we talked on the phone． A．to promote B．having been promoted C．having promoted D．to be promoted ( )33 The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time． A．to be p

29、leted B．having been pleted C．pleted D．being pleted ( )34 —e on，please give me some ideas about the project． —Sorry．With so much work ____ my mind，I almost break down． A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled ( )35 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to

30、struggle ____ . A．to be heard B．to have heard C．hearing D．being heard ( )36 When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight． A．training B．being trained C．to have trained D．to be trained ( )37 Peter received a letter just now ____ his grandma woul

31、d e to see him soon． A．said B．says C．saying D．to say ( )38 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents．She tried ____ alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home． A．living B．to live C．to be living D．having lived ( )39 —They’ re quiet，aren’t they? —Yes．They are ac

32、customed ____ at meals． A．to talk B．to not talk C．to talking D．to not talking ( )40 You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ____ home in the snowstorm． A．walked B．walk C．to walk D．walking Unit 2 The Environment (Grammar and usage ) 導(dǎo)學案答案簡析： 1. A 考查非謂語動詞的用法。句子的主語people與take是主動關(guān)

33、系，排除B及D；having taken是動詞-ing形式的完成式，表示這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，而此句謂語sign up與take無先后關(guān)系，故排除C項。 2. D 根據(jù)句意：這位老人在國外工作了20年后，現(xiàn)在在回國的路上。work應(yīng)先發(fā)生。 3. D she和warn之間是被動關(guān)系，排除B、C，warn動作先于謂語動詞，故用完成式，排除A。 4. C but為并列連詞，前后應(yīng)用相同的動詞-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)，所以C項正確。 5. C 首先判斷Eric和realize應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，所以用realizing，not放于realizing前即構(gòu)成否定式。 6. A 句意：這

34、些野花就像是覆蓋在沙漠上的柔軟的桔色的地毯。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語，blanket與cover在邏輯上為主動關(guān)系，排除B、C兩項；D項表將來不符合題意。 7. A exci ng通常修飾物，excited通常修飾人或與人有關(guān)的事物。第二空their eyes和fix應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系。 8. A leave sb．／sth．doing使……處于某狀態(tài)，waiting作賓補。 9. B 本題考查leave+賓語+賓語補足語。leave在此處的意思是“留下；使……仍處于某種狀態(tài)”。當leave后的賓語和賓補是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系時，賓補常用現(xiàn)在分詞，“l(fā)eave+賓語+v．-ing”句型。

35、10. D catch sb．doing sth正巧碰到(抓住)某人做某事。 11. A 句意：我們經(jīng)常會給孩子一些玩具、足球、籃球等，認為所有的孩子都會喜歡這類東西。本題主要考查非謂語動詞的用法，其中主語we就是一個關(guān)鍵詞，它與think之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，表原因。 12. C 句意：別坐在那兒無所事事。過來幫我抬桌子。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷所填的動詞應(yīng)為伴隨狀語，因此選doing。B項to do不可表伴隨，A項do為謂語動詞，D項去掉連詞and才正確。 13. D 不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往引出“出乎意料”的結(jié)果，故C項不對。本句這樣表述可能更容易理解：The storm，havin

36、g caused a lot of damage to this area，left．或者：Having caused a lot of damage to this area，the storm left．顯然，題干句的說法避免了“頭重腳輕”的現(xiàn)象。句意：這次暴風雨給本地帶來了很大危害后，停止了。 14. C generally speaking一般說來，已成為固定的習慣用語，常用作插入語，所以選C。 15. A 句意：遇到如此多的困難，所以我們沒能按時完成任務(wù)。本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。主句主語與face(使……面對)之間的關(guān)系為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。 16. D 此題考查的是in

37、terest的不同用法:動詞interest表示“使……感興趣”；現(xiàn)在分詞形式interesting表示具有某種特征“令人感興趣的”；過去分詞interested表示“對……感興趣”，主語通常是人。 17. A 句意：Mr．Smith聽煩了乏味的演講，讀起了小說。下面這兩個句子可幫助理解題干句：①Mr．Smith was tired of the speech．②The speech was boring． 18. C remain seated“保持坐著”表狀態(tài)，也可用sitting代替seated。 19. D 前后兩部分無連詞連接，故前面不能以句子形式出現(xiàn)，排除B、C；由語境

38、可知“會議結(jié)束了，他就直接去接兒子了”，排除A，選用D形成獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，此時，因邏輯主語是名詞the meeting，being還可省略。 20. D 根據(jù)題意可知，天氣允許是條件狀語，但允許這個動作自己的邏輯主語“天氣”，出現(xiàn)在句子里了，就要看“允許”和“天氣”之間的關(guān)系，因為是主動關(guān)系，所以要用weather pennitting，故選項D正確。 21. B 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知前半部分作狀語，everything和take之間是被動關(guān)系，排除A和D，該句又相當于條件狀語，排除C。 22. A 考查“with”+賓語+補語結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語。根據(jù)題意可知空格處為補語成分需用非謂語動詞而排除

39、B、C兩項。雖然A、D兩項都可以作補語但兩者所表示的時間不同，A項中的going on表示正在進行，而to go on表示將來的動作，又因是作伴隨狀語，因此選擇A項，排除D項。 23. D frightening表示令人感到害怕；frightened表示人的心理狀態(tài)，表示感到害怕。 24. A seeing作原因狀語。 25. A 考查非謂語動詞形式作賓補，賓語與賓補之間存在邏輯上主動關(guān)系，排除B、C項。hear+賓語+賓補，若用不定式作賓補，不定式符號to要省略，排除D項。 26. A burnt(燒焦)表完成；being burnt(正在被燒毀)表進行被動；to be bu

40、rnt(會被燒毀)表將來被動；burning(在燒焦)表正在進行。 27. A make為使役動詞，其賓語them與賓補interested存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系。 28. A that引導(dǎo)laws的限制性定語從句。句意：因幼小的子女違法而懲罰父母的法律讓父母們憂心忡忡。 29. C look短語與surrounded短語同時用作賓語補足語。her husband和look之間是主動關(guān)系，故用loking。 30. B geT my car to run或get my car started或get my car going都表示將我的車開動，而第二空try doing sth.表示

41、“嘗試做某事”。 31. C having waited所表示的動作是發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前，據(jù)題意等了半小時之后才意識到。 32. B mention后跟動名詞形式，且promote與Tom之間是動賓關(guān)系，用被動形式，又因promote發(fā)生在mention之前，用完成式。 33. C 句意：在19世紀初建成的市政廳是當時最輝煌的建筑。設(shè)空處作The Town Hall的定語，B項不作定語;A項表將來；C項表完成；D項表正在進行。 34. B with+賓語+賓補結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語和賓補為邏輯主謂關(guān)系時，即work和fill為邏輯主謂關(guān)系時，fill用filling形式。 35. A 我說話是被別人聽見，動詞不定式表目的。 36. D 根據(jù)he和train之間為被動關(guān)系，排除A、C項；作目的狀語，所以用不定式。 37. C saying作定語修飾名詞letter。 38. A try doing表嘗試做某事，try to do表盡力去做某事。 39. D be accustomed to doing sth．習慣于做某事，to為介詞。 40. D we had…為定語從句，先行詞為difficulty。句型為have difficulty(in)doing sth．。