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1、中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題五 數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)一 . 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的表示法 數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種,基數(shù)詞表示人或事物的數(shù)量,序數(shù)詞表示人或事物的次序。(一)基數(shù)詞單詞的拼寫(xiě)(1)基數(shù)詞單詞的拼寫(xiě)。1-12為單詞,13-19都以后綴-teen結(jié)尾,20、30這樣的整十?dāng)?shù)都以后綴-ty結(jié)尾,其他基礎(chǔ)詞中間加連字符號(hào)“-”,再按照上述的變化進(jìn)行。例:21:twenty-one 85:eighty-five考點(diǎn)一 . 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的表示法(2)三位數(shù)的構(gòu)成為:幾+百+and+末兩位(或末一位)數(shù)例:132:one hundred and thirty-two 205:two hundred and five(3)
2、英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有表示“萬(wàn)”的單詞,要用thousand來(lái)表示。例:10,000 ten thousand 一萬(wàn) 300,000 three hundred thousand 三十萬(wàn)(4)四位數(shù)以上的數(shù)要借用科學(xué)計(jì)數(shù)法,從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加“,”,第一個(gè)逗號(hào)為thousand,第二個(gè)逗號(hào)為million,第三個(gè)逗號(hào)為billion。例:32,548,652:thirty-two million five hundred and forty-eight thousand six hundred and fifty-two考點(diǎn)一 . 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的表示法(二)序數(shù)詞表示法。序數(shù)詞=基數(shù)詞+th。但以下
3、幾種情況要注意:(1)第一 first,第二 second,第三 third(2)第五 fifth,第八 eighth,第九 ninth,第十二 twelfth(3)以ty結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變?cè)~尾為tieth例:twentytwentieth ninetyninetieth(4)“幾十幾”的序數(shù)詞是只將個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞。例:第二十一:twenty-first 第二百四十五:two hundred and forty-fifth考點(diǎn)自測(cè)基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞111212 12 20 3 13 30 4 14 40 5 15 50 9 19 90 Lily is _ years old
4、now. Her _ birthday is coming. Lets celebrate it for her. (twenty)firsttwoonesecondthreefourfiveninethirdfourthfifthnintheleventwelfthelevenththirteentwelvefourteenthirteenthfifteennineteenfourteenthfifteenthnineteenthtwenty-onetwentythirtytwenty-firsttwentiethfortyfiftyninetythirtiethfortiethfiftie
5、thninetiethtwentytwentieth考點(diǎn)二 . 基數(shù)詞的用法(一)與具體數(shù)目one, two或修飾詞several,some,many連用時(shí),hundred,thousand,million,billion一律不用復(fù)數(shù);與of連用時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但不能再加數(shù)詞。例:China has a population of 1,300 million.中國(guó)有13億人口。There are several hundred students in the hall.幾百名學(xué)生在大廳。After the war, thousands of people became homeless.戰(zhàn)后
6、,成千上萬(wàn)的人無(wú)家可歸??键c(diǎn)二 . 基數(shù)詞的用法(二) “十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來(lái)表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。例:He is in his early thirties. 他三十出頭。This took place in the 1930s. 這件事發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)30年代。注意:in the 1990s( in the 1990s) 20世紀(jì)90年代in 1990 在1990年in the twenties 在二十年代考點(diǎn)二 . 基數(shù)詞的用法(三)時(shí)刻的表示要用基數(shù)詞:at 6:45: six forty-five 或a quarter to seven at 6:15:six fifteen 或
7、a quarter past six at 6:30: six thirty 或 half past six 考點(diǎn)二 . 基數(shù)詞的用法(四)年齡表示法十二歲:12 years old = at the age of 12一個(gè)十歲大的男孩:a ten-year-old boy = a boy of 10in ones +整10數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式:in my forties 在我40多歲時(shí)(五)編號(hào)表示法編號(hào)的表示有兩種:名詞+基數(shù)詞(兩者的首字母都要大寫(xiě))=the+序數(shù)詞+名詞例:Lesson Nine = the ninth lesson考點(diǎn)二 . 基數(shù)詞的用法(六)數(shù)詞和名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞做定語(yǔ)
8、時(shí),其中的名詞保持單數(shù):a six-year-old boy, a two-day holiday, a fifteen-minute walk = fifteen minutes walk(七)一年半 :one and a half years / one year and a half兩年半: two years and a half / two and a half years考點(diǎn)三 . 序數(shù)詞的用法(1)序數(shù)詞表順序時(shí)前要用the,如果序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞或名詞所有格,則省略the。當(dāng)序數(shù)詞前用a/an時(shí),表示“又一”,“再一”。例:John lives on the fifteenth
9、 floor.約翰住在第十五層。Today is my/Toms ninth birthday.今天是我的/湯姆的九歲生日。Well have to do it a second time.我們得在做一次。When I sat down, a third man rose to speak.當(dāng)我坐下時(shí),又一個(gè)人(第三個(gè)人)站起來(lái)講話??键c(diǎn)三 . 序數(shù)詞的用法(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)用縮寫(xiě)形式。例:first1st second2nd third3rd four4th (3)表示年、月、日時(shí),年用基數(shù)詞表示,日用序數(shù)詞表示。例:在1949年10月1日:on October (the) first, ni
10、neteen forty-nine在2004年9月10日:on the tenth of September, two thousand and four1800 eighteen hundred 1902 nineteen hundred and two / nineteen o two考點(diǎn)四 . 分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)與百分?jǐn)?shù)的用法(一)表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí),分母加-s。例:1/3 one third 2/5 two fifths 注意:1/2 one/a half 1/4 a quarter 3/4 three quarters(二)小數(shù)的表達(dá):小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作po
11、int,其余的按基數(shù)詞讀出。例:0.2讀作:zero point two 5.79讀作:five point seven nine(三)百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):百分號(hào)讀作percent。例:10% ten percent10.7% ten point seven percent考點(diǎn)五 . 數(shù)詞的其他用法(一)表示倍數(shù)的大小時(shí),兩倍用twice表達(dá),三倍以上用數(shù)詞加times表達(dá)。例:My school is twice as large as theirs.我的學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校的兩倍大。This book is three times longer than that one.這本書(shū)畢那本書(shū)長(zhǎng)三倍??键c(diǎn)五
12、 . 數(shù)詞的其他用法(二)數(shù)詞算式表達(dá):+ plus,- minus,multiplied,divided。例:5+7=12 讀作:Five plus seven is/equals twelve.9-3=6 讀作:Nine minus three is/equals six.88=64讀作:Eight multiplied by eight is/equals sixty-four.729=8讀作:Seventy-two divided by nine is/equals eight.(三)另外2個(gè) another two = two more 另外3個(gè) another three = three more