折疊式自行車(chē)的整體設(shè)計(jì)7張CAD圖
折疊式自行車(chē)的整體設(shè)計(jì)7張CAD圖,折疊式,自行車(chē),整體,設(shè)計(jì),CAD
附錄一：
文章編號(hào):1006-2343(2014)06-161-05
一種新型無(wú)鏈折疊式自行車(chē)的數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)
聞霞 1，2，曾鎮(zhèn)清 3(1．三明學(xué)院機(jī)電工程學(xué)院，福建三明 365004， E-mail:wenxia_wen@163．com;2．三明機(jī)械 CAD 工程研究中心，福建三明
365000;3．福建西河衛(wèi)浴科技有限公司，福建泉州 510641)
選段：
自從進(jìn)入 21 世紀(jì)以來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，摩托車(chē)、小轎車(chē)等交通工具進(jìn)入人們的生活，自行車(chē)似乎突然淡出了人們的視野。然而，近幾年來(lái)隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的加快，私家車(chē)大量涌現(xiàn)而引發(fā)城市交通擁擠、喧囂、空氣污染、自駕車(chē)引起的頸椎病等問(wèn)題，快節(jié)奏的生活更是讓人們?nèi)狈\(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)，人們的生活理念也隨之發(fā)生了變化，低碳環(huán)保、綠色健康成為人們向往的生活。無(wú)鏈折疊式自行車(chē)因其環(huán)保、健身、娛樂(lè)及便捷等優(yōu)點(diǎn)再次受到人們的青睞。新型無(wú)鏈折疊式自行車(chē)是隨著現(xiàn)代都市生活理念變化而設(shè)計(jì)的一種集綠色環(huán)保、健身、娛樂(lè)、時(shí)尚、便捷、輕巧等特點(diǎn)為一體的新型交通工具。設(shè)計(jì)理念跟隨時(shí)代的人性化設(shè)計(jì)，賦予美感、時(shí)尚、充滿(mǎn)情趣和活力，其設(shè)計(jì)的核心是“以人為本”，自行車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)化成為永恒的主題。
1 無(wú)鏈折疊自行車(chē)的誕生及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
1.1 自行車(chē)的誕生及發(fā)展
1818 年年輕的德國(guó)替林人德萊斯首創(chuàng)了前輪可以轉(zhuǎn)向的自行車(chē)。1858 年蘇格蘭的鄧洛普研制將充氣輪胎用于自行車(chē)，使自行車(chē)減振性能大大增強(qiáng)，讓騎車(chē)人的騎行舒適度更為提高。再加上管材結(jié)構(gòu)，配上車(chē)鈴、支架、車(chē)燈等部件，前后輪改為一樣大，到 19 世紀(jì)末自行車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)就基本完善了［3］。自行車(chē)開(kāi)始通過(guò)批量化生產(chǎn)逐漸走進(jìn)普通人的生活，成為人們生活中方便、快捷的代步工具。隨著人們生活水平的提高，綠色健康與低碳環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，自行車(chē)不會(huì)因?yàn)樾滦蜋C(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)
交通工具的發(fā)展而減少。但是現(xiàn)在的城市交通擁擠、存車(chē)處面積明顯不足，機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)的停放已被公認(rèn)為全球性的難題，而在我國(guó)，比機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)停放更難的是自行車(chē)的停放問(wèn)題［4］。市內(nèi)各街道、人行道占用停車(chē)的情況嚴(yán)重，自行車(chē)被盜現(xiàn)象十分普遍。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、輕巧快捷、攜帶方便的折疊自行車(chē)可以很好地解決這些問(wèn)題。
1.2 自行車(chē)的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展變化
自行車(chē)自問(wèn)世以來(lái)，主要釆用的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)主要是鏈輪和齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)等。這些傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能限制了自行車(chē)的使用性能和力的轉(zhuǎn)換效率的進(jìn)一步提高， 自行車(chē)的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)已成為人力自行車(chē)性能提高的主要技術(shù)瓶頸［5］。鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)，具有制造簡(jiǎn)單，安裝、維修以及更換方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)存在容易玷污衣物、脫鏈、傳動(dòng)效率不高等缺點(diǎn)，而且鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)需要占用空間大，質(zhì)量偏重， 不符合輕便、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、便于折疊等問(wèn)題。2005 年北京喬特自行車(chē)有限公司經(jīng)過(guò)多年開(kāi)發(fā)，向市場(chǎng)推出了一種榮獲國(guó)家專(zhuān)利發(fā)明權(quán)的無(wú)鏈杠桿傳動(dòng)自行車(chē)［6］，與鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)方式相同的圓周式運(yùn)動(dòng)，占用空間偏大。2012 年由闞海輝設(shè)計(jì)的變速錐齒輪無(wú)鏈自行車(chē)［7］，并申請(qǐng)了國(guó)家專(zhuān)利，實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)，但該設(shè)計(jì)僅對(duì)原有鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)的改造。2009 年淮陰工學(xué)院機(jī)械工程系的卜云峰等人設(shè)計(jì)一款四連杠桿式傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)［5］，應(yīng)用杠桿原理和齒輪傳動(dòng)原理，結(jié)合四連桿運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡有效加長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中杠桿的力臂長(zhǎng)度、增大對(duì)頂角，提高了能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率。但結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，其傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)不適合于折疊自行車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)。
2 新型無(wú)鏈折疊式自行車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)理念
2.1 新型無(wú)鏈傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、輕巧針對(duì)目前自行車(chē)傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀，為折疊自行車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)需要，研發(fā)一款棘輪式無(wú)鏈傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)自行車(chē)，避免了傳統(tǒng)無(wú)鏈杠桿式傳動(dòng)，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，適合輕便、折疊的特點(diǎn)，其傳動(dòng)原理在傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中有詳細(xì)的闡述。
2.2 具有良好的減振性能的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)人性化的設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)是舒適性，在自行車(chē)支架上連桿設(shè)計(jì)為彈簧支架實(shí)現(xiàn)了行進(jìn)過(guò)程中彈性緩沖，極大的改善了騎車(chē)的舒適度，彈簧支架的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.3 傳動(dòng)裝置采用棘輪式無(wú)鏈傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，便于折疊傳統(tǒng)鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)鏈傳動(dòng)由鏈輪、鏈條及飛輪三部分組成，其不足之處在于:①騎行過(guò)程中會(huì)出線(xiàn)脫鏈、斷鏈、夾褲、潤(rùn)滑油橫流污衣褲等現(xiàn)象，②采用鏈罩，鏈條如從鏈輪或飛輪上滑下時(shí)，重新安裝很困難。③鏈輪直徑較大，導(dǎo)致鏈傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)體積大，結(jié)構(gòu)不
夠緊湊，外形不美觀，對(duì)折疊結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)困難。
該款新型折疊無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)采用棘輪式傳動(dòng)，機(jī)構(gòu)集中在后輪部分采用兩個(gè)棘輪、四個(gè)錐齒輪嚙合實(shí)現(xiàn)異步運(yùn)動(dòng)及腳踏往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳動(dòng)，后輪設(shè)計(jì)較大，而前輪直徑設(shè)計(jì)較小，因此使得整車(chē)體積小，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，便于折疊。
2.4 充分選用應(yīng)用新型材料，質(zhì)量輕
運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的原理［8］，確定自行車(chē)車(chē)架結(jié)構(gòu)部件主要尺寸，改進(jìn)車(chē)架材料，可采用鋁合金、鈦合金、鎂合金、碳纖維等，使得車(chē)架質(zhì)量更輕，強(qiáng)度更高。在新工藝技術(shù)方面，主要研究方向是使用最少的材料，實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，例如， 使用可變截面的管材和板材替換原來(lái)同一界面的材料，使得自行車(chē)性能更加可靠， 使用材料更少。
該款新型折疊無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)車(chē)架的設(shè)計(jì)采用鋁合金 6061T6 材料，鋁合金具有質(zhì)量輕，可塑性好，剛性高，高抗氧化等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，雖然造價(jià)會(huì)比起傳統(tǒng)的高碳鋼車(chē)架昂貴，但是在制造車(chē)架的形狀上有很大的變化空間，可以通過(guò)軟件優(yōu)化算法實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化的設(shè)計(jì)，最優(yōu)化來(lái)節(jié)約制造成本。
2.5 設(shè)計(jì)折疊過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單，快捷，便于攜帶
折疊或打開(kāi)需要合理設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品的形態(tài)，以期能夠更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)它的設(shè)計(jì)訴求。在折疊式自行車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程當(dāng)中，盡量將一個(gè)折疊自行車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)規(guī)整的造型， 努力將它的傳動(dòng)裝置通過(guò)折疊后能隱藏在內(nèi)部，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)不僅滿(mǎn)足了美學(xué)上的需求，同時(shí)這樣的造型更易于攜帶。該款無(wú)鏈折疊自行車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)充分體現(xiàn)人性化， 簡(jiǎn)單便捷，折疊時(shí)間應(yīng)在十幾秒鐘內(nèi)完成，否則將會(huì)失去普及性和實(shí)用性。
3 整車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)字化的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)
數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)是一種先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)思想，也是集各種優(yōu)秀設(shè)計(jì)工具為一體的設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)［9］。利用 iNPD(integrated New Product Development)技術(shù)的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)該款新型無(wú)鏈折疊自行車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)。
3.1 新型無(wú)鏈折疊式傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)該款新型無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)秸郫B自行車(chē)后輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)采用兩個(gè)棘輪、棘爪、小棘爪、棘輪軸、軸承及踏桿曲柄主要部件實(shí)現(xiàn)傳動(dòng)，其后輪機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)原理簡(jiǎn)圖如圖 5 所示，其爪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)帶動(dòng)后輪軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，由于后輪軸與后輪為剛性聯(lián)接，因而實(shí)現(xiàn)后輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。棘輪(如圖 3 所示結(jié)構(gòu))環(huán)內(nèi)的棘齒可實(shí)現(xiàn)單方向傳動(dòng)，內(nèi)部采用 4 個(gè)錐齒輪相互嚙合實(shí)現(xiàn)異步傳動(dòng)。同時(shí)通過(guò)內(nèi)部錐齒輪相互嚙合傳動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)現(xiàn)踏桿曲柄的異步動(dòng)作，自運(yùn)動(dòng)原理:由腳踏上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)
帶動(dòng)棘輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，棘輪通過(guò)棘行車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度由腳踏桿抬起最大的角度、輪轂的半徑及往復(fù)一次循環(huán)所用時(shí)間等因素決定，采用碟剎裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)剎車(chē)，制動(dòng)效果較好， 制動(dòng)時(shí)，摩擦制動(dòng)塊 16 加緊后剎車(chē)片 15 實(shí)現(xiàn)后剎車(chē)片制動(dòng)，而后剎車(chē)片與后輪轂及軸套是剛性連接，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)后輪剎車(chē)制動(dòng)。
3.2 新型無(wú)鏈折疊式自行車(chē)折疊方式的設(shè)計(jì)目前常用的折疊自行車(chē)的分類(lèi)方式可以分為:①車(chē)架大梁折疊式(對(duì)折式)，②前后叉折疊式③坐管車(chē)架折疊式④異形車(chē)架折疊式⑤A－BIKE 折疊式疊等幾種折疊方式［11］。該款折疊無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)的設(shè)計(jì)偏重于前后叉折疊式，保留了輪子的拖動(dòng)功能;在車(chē)架桿的下方設(shè)計(jì)彈簧支架的減振裝置尺寸較短，便于折疊，剛性彈簧起到緩沖作用，增加騎車(chē)的舒適性;并綜合考慮了滿(mǎn)足合理結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)尚外觀、折疊方便、攜帶便捷等綜合因素，適合出現(xiàn)在地鐵、辦公場(chǎng)所、校園等場(chǎng)合。
該款折疊無(wú)鏈?zhǔn)阶孕熊?chē)折疊步驟主要分為:①前桿 4 設(shè)計(jì)為可伸縮桿，折疊時(shí)先向下收縮變短，然后繞車(chē)架桿 1 和車(chē)架 6 連接處向下旋轉(zhuǎn)至使前桿 4 與車(chē)架 6 相平齊，使得小輪正好位于大輪的正上方;②車(chē)座旋轉(zhuǎn)與車(chē)座桿 9 成直線(xiàn)，然后一起旋轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)入車(chē)架桿 1 中，完成折疊。折疊方式既保留了大輪子的拖動(dòng)功能，而且還保留的把手在最上方使用功能。折疊步驟簡(jiǎn)單，巧妙，體積不到原來(lái)的 1/3。
折疊自行車(chē)的 創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)與研究
文｜匡焱
（黃岡職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 黃岡 438002）
選段：
1 折疊自行車(chē)的起源和發(fā)展
折疊自行車(chē)是 20 世紀(jì) 30 年代在歐洲起源于軍事用途，并伴隨著轎車(chē)的普及和城 市人口的增多而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。近些年由于采用各種新材料、新技術(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新，從而 使體積更小、重量更輕、更結(jié)實(shí)耐用 [2]。
目前，市場(chǎng)上出售的自行車(chē)品種繁多，如公路自行車(chē)、山地自行車(chē)、 旅游自行車(chē)等， 眾多的自行車(chē)都存在一個(gè)明顯的問(wèn)題，就是攜帶非常不方便，這無(wú)疑給使用者帶來(lái)麻煩， 尤其是在這個(gè)高速發(fā)展的時(shí)代。因此，人們迫切需要一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使用靈活，便于 儲(chǔ)放的交通工具。
自行車(chē)的發(fā)展方向是設(shè)計(jì)輕量化、個(gè)性化、功能化、方便化、款式多樣化 , 自行 車(chē)系列產(chǎn)品將得到更迅速的發(fā)展 , 并形成高、中、低多檔次格局 , 尤其折疊自行車(chē)是我 國(guó)最具潛力并取得世界領(lǐng)先水平的產(chǎn)品。一般折疊車(chē)有車(chē)架折疊關(guān)節(jié)和立管折疊關(guān)節(jié) 構(gòu)成，通過(guò)車(chē)架折疊，將前后兩輪對(duì)折在一起，可減少45% 左右的長(zhǎng)度。整車(chē)在折疊 后可放入登機(jī)箱和折疊包內(nèi)，以及汽車(chē)的后備箱內(nèi)。在折疊的使用過(guò)程中也不需要借助外來(lái)工具，可通過(guò)手動(dòng)自行將車(chē)折疊展開(kāi)， 自行折疊。在折疊后，通過(guò)座桿為支撐點(diǎn)使車(chē)能立穩(wěn)。折疊自行車(chē)攜帶和使用方便舒適，開(kāi)發(fā)形成系列產(chǎn)品后, 極具潛力。
2 折疊自行車(chē)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
自行車(chē)作為短途代步工具，具備其他交通工具不可替代的功能，而折疊自行車(chē)則比自行車(chē)具有更多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
1） 壽命長(zhǎng)。自行車(chē)放在室外日曬雨淋，車(chē)體老化嚴(yán)重，放在公共場(chǎng)所被盜令人十分頭疼。當(dāng)擁有折疊自行車(chē)后，可以方便的把折疊自行車(chē)放在家里、辦公室、汽車(chē)后備箱里，不用擔(dān)心被風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋而減少它的使用壽命。
2） 體積小，便于儲(chǔ)藏。折疊自行車(chē)通過(guò)折疊，前輪和后輪折疊在一起，可以減少 50%左右的長(zhǎng)度，便于攜帶、收藏，還能防盜。
3） 實(shí)用便捷。折疊自行車(chē)集交通、休閑、運(yùn)動(dòng)于一體?？勺鹘煌üぞ叱鲂校煞胖迷谄?chē)后備箱里，郊游時(shí)既可享受汽車(chē)的便利，在郊外又可騎行享受田園風(fēng)光的樂(lè)趣。
4） 騎乘輕松，簡(jiǎn)單易調(diào)，男女老少皆宜。
5） 健康環(huán)保。不會(huì)像汽車(chē)一樣使用不可再生資源，折疊式自行車(chē)對(duì)空氣無(wú)污染。同時(shí)現(xiàn)在的人們?nèi)狈﹀憻挘T自行車(chē)可以適當(dāng)鍛煉身體。
6） 時(shí)尚浪漫。折疊式自行車(chē)色彩明亮，具有視覺(jué)沖擊感，而且比一般自行車(chē)輕，提上樓、上電梯、上公車(chē)、乘地鐵, 都不費(fèi)勁, 是公共交通的最佳伴侶。
3 折疊自行車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)方向
一個(gè)好的折疊自行車(chē)對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)和加工工藝上的要求會(huì)高于普通的兩輪自行車(chē)，所要權(quán)衡的因素和達(dá)到的要求也很多，以下是重點(diǎn)考慮的幾點(diǎn)：
1） 質(zhì)量輕，體積小，節(jié)省體力。
2） 材料的力學(xué)性能要好，不怕被擠壓，這是為了將折疊自行車(chē)放置在轎車(chē)車(chē)廂內(nèi)，折疊自行車(chē)它上面會(huì)擱置其它的物品，不會(huì)因?yàn)橹貕憾棺孕熊?chē)變形。
3） 騎行舒適，調(diào)整范圍大，可適合不同人群。
4） 騎行速度快。要求它的傳動(dòng)變速比和大眾化自行車(chē)相差
5） 折疊、展開(kāi)方便快捷。無(wú)須太用力，即可在十幾秒到一分鐘內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)展開(kāi)折疊。折疊車(chē)在隨身攜帶過(guò)程中，要保證它的折疊和展開(kāi)能夠快速完成，來(lái)保障騎乘者在不同路段對(duì)折疊車(chē)的折疊和展開(kāi)順利進(jìn)行。
6） 安全系數(shù)要求高。具有穩(wěn)定性能，對(duì)鎖緊裝置要求高。
7） 外觀時(shí)尚。
4 折疊自行車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)方案
自從折疊自行車(chē)發(fā)明以來(lái)，就有人不斷嘗試把折疊自行車(chē)弄得更小一些，占用空間更少一些。各種形式的折疊自行車(chē)層出不窮，剖其究竟，廣泛的折疊方式是將大梁折疊或收縮，將前后輪折疊在一起，將車(chē)座降低，車(chē)把側(cè)放。這種方式雖
然實(shí)現(xiàn)了折疊，減小了車(chē)體面積。但是不足之處顯而易見(jiàn)，這種設(shè)計(jì)折疊效果不佳，并且需要拖行，攜帶不便，對(duì)于折疊車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，意義不大。
而這次創(chuàng)新型自行車(chē)大膽的設(shè)計(jì)成單前叉，為前輪創(chuàng)造折疊環(huán)境。車(chē)把和豎桿的折疊有效的減小了車(chē)體折疊后占地空間，前后輪折疊安放在月牙形車(chē)身內(nèi)完成三環(huán)重合的折疊效果。它是一種構(gòu)思新穎，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔獨(dú)特，能夠單人折疊和展開(kāi)， 攜帶和使用方便的三圓（前車(chē)輪、后車(chē)輪、呈月牙形半圓的車(chē)身架）折疊自行車(chē)。
5 市場(chǎng)前景
隨著人們生活水平的提高, 健康與環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng), 自行車(chē)不會(huì)因?yàn)槠渌煌üぞ叩陌l(fā)展而減少。自行車(chē)作為短途代步工具，具備其他交通工具不可替代的功能。它成為上班族、學(xué)生、有車(chē)族、老年人的時(shí)尚選擇，將會(huì)帶來(lái)良好的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[3] 。而根據(jù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家自行車(chē)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，我國(guó)正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展和轎車(chē)開(kāi)始大量進(jìn)入家庭階段，自行車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)也即將迎來(lái)發(fā)展變革的機(jī)遇， 折疊自行車(chē)則以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，符合我國(guó)未來(lái)交通發(fā)展的需求，以此看來(lái)，折疊自行車(chē)在我國(guó)的前景十分廣闊。
附錄二：
Article ID: 1006-2343 (2014) 06-161-05
A new digital design chainless folding bike
. Wen Xia 1,2, the town was clear 3 (1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Sanming, Fujian Sanming 365004, E-mail: wenxia_wen@163.com; 2 Sanming Mechanical CAD Engineering Research Center, Fujian Sanming 365000; 3 Fujian River sanitary technology. Ltd., Quanzhou, Fujian 510641)
Excerpts:
Since entering the 21st century, with the development of China's social modernization, motorcycles, cars and other vehicles into people's lives, bike suddenly seemed to fade out of people's vision. However, in recent years, with the acceleration of the rapid development of China's economy and the urbanization process, the car caused large numbers of urban traffic congestion, noise, air pollution, caused cervical disease self-driving and other issues, life is so fast-paced lack of exercise opportunities for people, people's life philosophy also will change, low carbon environmental protection, green and healthy living people aspire to become. Chainless folding bike because of its environmental, health, entertainment and convenience advantages again by people of all ages. The new chainless folding bike with the idea of change in modern urban life and design a set of green, fitness, entertainment, fashion, convenient, lightweight and features for the new vehicle integration. Follow humanized design concept of the times, giving beauty, fashion, full of fun and energy, the core of its design is the
"people-oriented", bike design, optimization has become an eternal theme.
1 The birth and development of the status quo a chainless folding bike
1.1 Birth and development of the bicycle
1818 young German for Lin Rende Royce pioneered bicycle front wheel can turn.
1858 Scotland Dunlop developed the pneumatic tires for bicycles, bicycle greatly enhanced damping performance, so that the rider's ride comfort is more improved. Coupled with the pipe structure, coupled with bell, stand, lights and other components, front and rear wheels to as large as the 19th century structure on the basic sound of the bike [3]. Cycling into the lives of ordinary people began through mass production, people's lives convenient, fast means of transport. As people's living standards improve, and enhance the health of low-carbon green environmental awareness, because the development of the new bike is not a motor vehicle transport is reduced. But now the urban traffic congestion, parking lot at the area is obviously insufficient, parked vehicle has been recognized as a global problem, but in our country, harder than the vehicle is parked bicycles parked problem [4]. The city's streets, sidewalks occupied parking situation is serious, bike theft is widespread. Simple structure, lightweight, fast, portable folding bike can be a good solution to these problems.
1.2 Developments and changes in the transmission mechanism bike
Since the advent of the bicycle, preclude the use of the main transmission mechanism is mainly sprocket and gear agencies. Structure and properties of these drive mechanism limits further improve the conversion efficiency of the bicycle performance and power, the bicycle transmission mechanism to improve the performance of the bicycle has become a major human bottleneck [5]. Chain drive, with a simple to manufacture, installation, maintenance and easy to replace, etc., but the presence of a chain drive easily tarnish clothing, take off the chain, the transmission efficiency is not high shortcomings, and chain transmission structure requires a large space, quality emphasis, does not meet the Lightweight, compact, easy to fold and other issues. Choate 2005 Beijing Bicycle Co., Ltd. After years of development, to market an invention won the national patent rights chainless bicycle gear lever [6], with the same chain of drive-in motion circumference, space is too large. 2012 designed by Kan Fai chainless bicycle gear bevel gear [7], and the national patent applications, achieved without chain drive, but only for the transformation of the original design of the bicycle chain. 2009 Bo Yunfeng Huaiyin Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering, who designed a four with no chain drive mechanism leveraged bike [5], the application of the principles of leverage and gearing, combined with a four-link trajectory effectively
lengthen the process of movement of the lever arm length, the vertical angle is increased, improving the energy conversion efficiency. However, more complex structure, the transmission mechanism is not suitable for folding bike design.
2 The new chainless folding bike design
The new 2.1-free chain drive is compact and lightweight for the current status of the bicycle transmission structure for folding bike design needs, developing a ratchet-free bicycle chain drive mechanism, to avoid the traditional leveraged chainless drive, compact, lightweight fit folding characteristics of its transmission principle have been elaborated in the transmission mechanism design.
2.2 has good damping properties of the design structure of human design focus is on comfort on the bike stand rod bracket is designed to realize the process of moving the spring elastic buffer, greatly improved ride comfort, design structure of the spring bracket.
2.3 gear Ratchet-free chain drive mechanism, compact, easy folding bicycle chain drive from the traditional chain sprockets, chains and flywheel consists of three parts, its disadvantage is that: ① riding off the chain process will qualify , chain scission, clip pants, dirty underwear lubricant cross-flow phenomena, ② using chain cover, such as when you slide down the chain from the sprocket or flywheel, reinstall very difficult.
③ larger diameter sprockets, chain drive mechanism resulting in large volume, structure compact enough unsightly appearance of the folded structure design difficult.
The new folding bike which uses no chain drive ratchet, concentrated in the rear part of the body using two ratchet, four bevel gears and pedal asynchronous reciprocating movement to achieve transmission, rear-wheel design large, and the front wheel diameter design smaller, thus making the vehicle is small, compact and easy to fold.
2.4 full selection of application of new materials, light weight
Use of data mining principles [8], to determine the size of the main structural member of the bicycle frame, the frame material is improved, can be aluminum, titanium, magnesium alloy, carbon fiber, etc., so that the carriage lighter, higher strength. In the new technology, the main research direction is to use the least amount of material to achieve a higher mechanical strength, for example, using a variable cross-section of the pipe and sheet material to replace the original one interface, making the bike more reliable, less use of materials.
Which novel non-chain folding bicycle frame design made of aluminum alloy 6061T6 materials, aluminum light weight, plasticity, high rigidity, high resistance to oxidation, and other advantages, although the cost will be compared to traditional high-carbon steel frame is expensive, However, the manufacture of the frame in the shape of a great change in the space can be optimized algorithm by digital design software, optimized to save manufacturing costs.
2.5 Design of the folding process is simple, fast, easy to carry
Folded or unfolded form needs rational design of products in order to better achieve its design appeal. In the folding bike design process, as a folding bike designed as a structured shape, efforts by its gearing folded can hide inside, this design not only meet the needs of aesthetics, while this shape easier to carry. Which chainless folding bike design fully reflects humane, simple and convenient, folding time should be completed within ten seconds, otherwise it will lose popularity and practicality.
3 vehicle structural design and implementation of digital
Digital design is an advanced design ideas, but also set a variety of excellent design tools for the integration of design platform [9]. Industrial design approach iNPD (integrated New Product Development) technologies which achieve the new chainless folding bike design.
3.1 The new chainless folding mechanism design which drive new non-folding bike rear chain drive mechanism uses two ratchet pawl, a small ratchet, ratchet shaft, bearings and crank pedal lever to achieve the main components of the drive, then wheel mechanism driving principle diagram shown in Figure 5, after its claw rotating shaft rotating drive mechanism, since the rear axle and rear rigid connection, thereby achieving rotate the rear wheel. Ratchet ratchet ring gear can be achieved in one direction (the structure shown in Figure 3), the internal use of four bevel gears meshing with each other to achieve asynchronous transmission. While meshing with each other through an internal bevel gear drive conversion kick lever crank achieve asynchronous operation, since the principle of movement: by foot and down reciprocating ratchet drive rotation speed ratchet spine through traffic movement by foot lever to lift the maximum angle, wheel radius and reciprocating with a cycle time and other factors, the use of disc brakes device to achieve, better braking, braking, friction brake pads 16 after 15 after stepping achieve brakes brakes brake, brake pads and then after wheels and bushings are rigidly connected, enabling the rear brake.
3.2 Design of new chainless folding bike folding methods currently used classification folding bike can be divided into: ① folding frame rails (to fold), front and rear folding fork ② ③ ④ folding seat tube shaped frame Folding frame ⑤
A-BIKE folding stack, such as several folding [11]. Which no chain folding bike design
emphasis on folding front fork, retain the wheels dragging; the shorter the frame at the bottom of the rod holder design spring damping device size, easy to fold, the rigidity of the spring cushion increase ride comfort; and considering a combination of factors to meet the reasonable structure, stylish appearance, easy to fold, easy to carry, suitable appeared in the subway, office, campus and other occasions.
Which no chain folding bike folding steps are divided into: ① before lever 4 is designed to be telescopic pole, the first contraction shorter when folded down, and then around the frame and the frame 6 bar one junction down before rotating to 4 and 6 pole flush with the frame, making the ferry is located just above the large round; ② rotating seat and seat post 9 in a straight line, and then rotated into the frame along with a bar, a complete folding. Folding only retains the big wheels drag function, but also to retain the use of the function at the top of the handle. Folding step is simple, clever, less than 1/3 of the original volume.
Folding bike
Innovative Design and Research
Man | Peter Yan
(Huanggang Polytechnic College Huanggang 438002)
Excerpts:
1 Origin and development of a folding bike
Folding bikes are in the 1930s in Europe originated in military use, along with an increase in the popularity of cars and urban population and developed. In recent years due to the use of a variety of new materials, new technologies and structural innovation, so that smaller, lighter, more durable [2].
Currently, the market selling a wide variety of bicycles, such as road cycling, mountain biking,? Bicycle tour, many of the bikes are an obvious problem, is very inconvenient to carry, which will undoubtedly bring trouble to the user, especially in the The rapid development of the times. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple, flexible, easy to store transport.
The development direction of the bike is lightweight design, personalized, functional, easy-oriented, style diversification? Bike series will be more rapid development? And the formation of high, medium and low-grade multi-pattern,? Especially folding bike Our most potential and achieve world-leading products. Generally there are folding folding frame folding riser joints and joint configuration, by folding frame, the front folded two rounds together, can reduce the length of about 45%. After folding the vehicle chassis and the board can be placed inside the folded package, as well as inside the trunk of the car. In the folding process of using external tools do not need the help, self-Deployable car by hand, self-folding. After folding, for the support to make the car can stand steady through the seatpost. Folding bike comfortable to carry and easy to use, after a series of products developed? Great potential.
Advantage 2 folding bike
As a short bike means of transport, with other modes of transport irreplaceable function, and folding bike is more advantageous than a bicycle.
Benefits:
1) long life. Cycling on the outdoor sun and rain, severe aging body, it is placed in a public place is a big headache. When they have folding bikes, folding bikes can easily at home, office, car trunk, do not worry about the wind and sun and rain to reduce its service life.
2) Small size, easy to store. By folding folding folding bike, front and rear wheels together, you can reduce the length of about 50%, portable, collection, but also security.
3) practical and convenient. Folding bike set transportation, recreation, sports in one.
Can be used for transport trips, can be placed in a car trunk, can enjoy the convenience of the car when the outing, on the outskirts of the idyllic but also enjoy the fun of riding.
4) riding easy, simple and easy to adjust, men and women ages.
5) environmental health. Like a car does not use non-renewable resources, foldable bicycles on air pollution. Now people while lack of exercise, exercise bike can be appropriate.
6) romantic fashion. Folding bike with bright colors, with a sense of visual impact, but also lighter than the average bike, put upstairs, on the elevator, on the bus, subway,? Not strenuous,? Is the perfect companion for public transport.
3 folding bike design direction
A good folding bike design and processing requirements will be higher than normal on the two-wheeled bike, you want to weigh the factors and requirements to achieve a lot, the following are important considerations in mind:
1) ? Light weight, small size, saving energy.
2) ? The mechanical properties of the material better, afraid of being squeezed, which is to be placed in the car folding bike car, folding bike on it will hold other items, will not be leaving because of the weight of the bicycle deformation.
3) ride comfort, large adjustment range, may be suitable for di
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