橡膠切割機(jī)的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)【含CAD圖紙】

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Integration of machinery with electronics formed by penetration developing Ji Qi because of the microelectronics technology and the computer art promptness to mechanical industry in mechanical engineering field ,enormous change happened in the technological makeup , product organization , function using mechanical industry with formation , mode of production and administrative system , make a commercial run stride from machinery electrification for the characteristic development stage to have entered integration of machinery with electronics .One, integration of machinery with electronics key technologyIntegration of machinery with electronics includes the software and hardware technology in two aspects. The hardware is to be composed of parts such as the machinery body , sensor , information processing element and drive element. Therefore, be to speed up pushing forward development of integration of machinery with electronics, aspect almost sets about be obliged to from the following.machinery body technologyThe machinery body must comply with think about in several aspects such as improving a function , lightening mass and improving accuracy. Being that material gives first place to iron and steel like modern machinery product , should consider the compound material making use of a metalloid for lightening mass besides giving an improvement on structure. Only when the machinery body has lightened weight, be in the cards realizing minaturized driving system just now , then, improve fleetness respond to characteristic property , cut down energy consumption , the potentiation in controlling aspect.(2) sensory technologyThe sensor problem is concentrated on to improving reliability , sensitiveness and precision aspect , is improves reliability and is guards against a disturbance having direct relation. Disturb for avoiding an electricity , have a trend to adopt the fibre cable sensors at present. To outside information sensor, develop must contact the type detecting technology at present mainly.(3) information processing technologyIntegration of machinery with electronics and the microelectronics notability are progressive , universal information processing equipment (computer especially in miniature) application is rapid and intense be linked together. Be to develop integration of machinery with electronics further, must raise the information processing equipment reliability, reliability, and then rise that the entering including model/ number conversion equipment reliability and time division treatment loses processes speed , resolve and anti-interference and normalizing problem.(4) drive a technologyAre there exists a few problem in the electric motor as driving organization already by aspect such as adopt the fleetness respond to and efficiency, only depend on broadly. The servo developing the inside pretending to electric motor having coder and controlling special use module- sensor- electric motor Three-in-Ones at present , in course of actively drives an element(5) interface technologyCommunicate by letter for being in progress with the computer , must use hereditary data form normalizing , standardization. Information delivery and the simplification be maintained, and can not only beneficial to adopt the same standard specification design an interface. At present, the technician is concentrating efforts on the serial interface developing low cost , high speed, problem such as coming to resolve signal cable being not get in touch with-rization , standardizing as well as the fibre optics glorifying lotus root implement high-capacity , minaturized.(6) software engineering The software and the hardware must develop fittingly. Develop cost for cutting down a softwares , improve producing the efficiency being maintained,solidification ,the software engineering being carried out wanting the modularization , software program carrying out the software normalizing step by step , including the procedure standardized program, etc.Two, integration of machinery with electronics technology main part applies a fieldnumerical control machine toolNumerical control machine tool and the corresponding numerical control technology after development for 40 , prompt rise of It both , concrete behaviour are around on structure , function , operation and under the control of accuracy:1, the highway is dyadic , modular , compact the type structure , be to adopt many C PU , many host highway system structure. 2, the sex opening to the outside world designs , the be that the hardware system structure and the function module have arrangement of ideas , compatibility , in keeping with interface standard , energy high limit field improve consumer sigmatism beneficial result. 3, WOP technology and intellectualized. System can provide the programming technology being geared to the needs of workshop and realize two , San wei processes the process development simulating, and the introduction waits for intelligence mechanism under the control of in gleam, diagnosing , mixing up.4, high-capacity memory application and the software modularization design, not only having enriched the numerical control function, have reinforced at the same time also the systematic C N C control function.5, can realize much process , multichannel controls, be that damaged detecting , material flitting , machine hand etc. are under the control of all integrated have one machine tool accomplishing many independent treating missions or the cutter controlling many platforms and various machine tool ability, and will at the same time go to system middle. Systematic multistep network function 6, the ability having reinforced system combination and having composed complicated treating systematically. 7, is a controlling machine with single-board , monolithic machine , is composed of the compact structure numerical control device plus special use chip and form board.(2) Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS)The CIMS realization is not that now having every disperses systematic simple combination, but is optimum overall situation development synthesis. It breaks the boundary line between original branch , comes to control logistics and information stream taking making as backbone , realizes the union developing , producing organic prepare an experiment , producing to production management control from managerial decisionmaking , the product. Enterprise integration level rise can make the allocation between various essential productive factors get the much better optimization , various essential productive factors potential can get bigger bringing into play.(3) flexibility fabrication system (FMS)Flexibility fabrication system is computerized fabrication system , is expected that checking , carrying voluntarily the handcart and the automatic warehouse and so on is composed of by computer , numerical control machine tool , robot mainly. It can random , the real time field, demands according to measuring field according to assembling a branchs, produce whose any ability range inner workpiece , especially be suitable for many breeds , small and medium batches , design are changed frequently straggling part batch manufacturing.(4) industry robotThe 1st also says instructions religion reproduces a robot on behalf of a robot , they can only repeat motion according to instructions religion go along , the change to the work environment and the school assignment marriage partner is short of adaptability and flexibility; The 2nd replaces a robot as well as having the sensory various advanced component , can gain the school assignment environment and simple operation marriage partner information , pass the computer treatment , analysis , make the certain judgement out, the feedback being in progress to action controls , shows vulgar intelligence, already start make for pragmatic-rization; 3rd acting robot is an intelligence robot , has various perception function, may carry out the complicated logical thinking , judge and make policy, action being independent in school assignment environment, computer relation is close with 5th generation.Three, integration of machinery with electronics technology development prospectMake a general observation of home and abroad integration of machinery with electronics present situation and the high and new technology development trend, integration of machinery with electronics will develop to several the following direction.intellectualizedIntellectualized one of the main distinction being that integration of machinery with electronics and tradition machinery automate, is also 21 centuries integration of machinery with electronics development direction. That processor speed rise prepares PC high-performance , sensor systematically integration-rization and intelligence Hua Wei implants intelligence control algolithm over the past few years, has been creating condition , has been driving the integration of machinery with electronics product to develop to intellectualized direction forcefully. The intelligence integration of machinery with electronics product can simulate human being intelligence , have some kind of degree judgement reasonings , logical thinking and the ability making policy autonomously, part mental work replacing the manufacturing engineering go-between thereby.(2) systematization One of the systematization performance characteristic is that system system structure adopt the open type and the hipping highway structure further. System can be nimble forming state , be in progress arbitrarily pruning composes in reply combination , explores at the same time to realize much subsystem coordination under the control of and general management. Two of performance characteristic is communication function greatly sharpening, the part network realizing long-range and many system in general except that R S232 waits for communication way in common use, communicating by letter networking needing is being adopted gradually. Future integration of machinery with electronics attaches importance to the product and peoples relation especially , intelligence , emotion , human nature how to give to an integration of machinery with electronics product with person look like growing in importance. That the integration of machinery with electronics product may study some kind of new model airframe according to a little good living things body structure, makes the person develop towards living things systematization direction.(3) miniaturizationMinitype integration of machinery with electronics system has fused highly the tiny machinery technology , microelectronics technology and software engineering, are a new development direction of integration of machinery with electronics. And the geometry calling a microelectronics machinery system abroad does not exceed 1 cm like the dimension 3, the forward direction micron , nanometer level direction develop. System has volume characteristics such as small , consuming to be able to small , move nimbly since the PC electricity unifies, space and the meticulous operation being in progress easily may enter general machinery having no way to enter, have vastly applying a prospect therefore national defence waits for a field and even in aeronautics and astronautics , IT , industry and agriculture biomedicine,. Etching technology in at present, making use of a semiconductor device to create process , the machinery component already make out of Asia micron level in the laboratory.(4) modularizationModularize a developing trend being also an integration of machinery with electronics product , be important but arduous one project. Since integration of machinery with electronics product kind and the turn out manufacturer are numerous, developing and developing the integration of machinery with electronics product element having standard machinery interface , electricity interface , driving force interface , information interface is complicated but important one thing , it needs to work out a series of standard , matching and interface for the purpose of every component , element. The integration of machinery with electronics product produces enterprise but makes use of the prompt exploitation of standard element new product, can expand the scale of giving birth to a child unceasingly at the same time also.(5) beta-network-rization Network technologys development has significant effect at full speed to integration of machinery with electronics , make the person develop to network-rization direction. Integration of machinery with electronics product kind many, the way being geared to the needs of network is neither same. The long-range under the control of and surveillance technology popularizing, owing to network various since network are in the ascendant , long-range under the control of end instrument is an integration of machinery with electronics product but perse.(6) green-rizationMatter enriches developed industry messenger people , the comfortable at the same time living also makes resource fall off, the ecological environment is contaminated gravely , green product arises at the historic moment thereupon. Green-rization trend being a times, whose target is in the life cycle use entireness that the product handles from designing that , making , packing , transporting , being put into use to being declared worthless , to ecological environment nothing damage or damage is minimal , resource utilization ratio is extremely high. Integration of machinery with electronics products green-rization not contaminating an ecological environment when being to point to usage mainly, the energy reclaim makes use of when being declared worthless. Green manufacturing industry is a modern manufacturing industry sustainable development pattern. To sum up ,integration of machinery with electronics is the crystal that a lot of science and technology develops , is that social productive forces develops the necessity call for arriving at the certain stage. It urges mechanical industry occurrence strategy transforming, make tradition machinery design method and revolutionary character change being designing that the concept happens. Not only the new generation of strive to develop integration of machinery with electronics product, being to reform tradition machinery equipment call for, and be to drive machinery to replace the older generations of products by new ones and to open up the frontier , the only way developing and vitalizing mechanical industry.中文譯文機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)機(jī)電一體化是一種混合技術(shù),是機(jī)械技術(shù)與微電子技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)互相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,是機(jī)電工業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展大大地推動(dòng)了不同學(xué)科的交流,引起了工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)改造與革命。在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域,由于微電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機(jī)械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機(jī)電一體化,使機(jī)械工業(yè)的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品機(jī)構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化,使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機(jī)械電氣化”邁入了“機(jī)電 一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。一、機(jī)電一體化的核心技術(shù)機(jī)電一體化包括軟件和硬件兩方面技術(shù)。硬件是由機(jī)械本體、傳感器、信息處理單元和驅(qū)動(dòng)單元等部分組成。因此,為加速推進(jìn)機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展,必須從以下幾方面著手。 機(jī)械本體技術(shù) 機(jī)械本體必須從改善性能、減輕質(zhì)量和提高精度等幾方面考慮?，F(xiàn)代機(jī)械產(chǎn)品一般都是以鋼鐵材料為主,為了減輕質(zhì)量除了在結(jié)構(gòu)上加以改進(jìn),還應(yīng)考慮利用非金屬?gòu)?fù)合材料。只有機(jī)械本體減輕了重量,才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的小型化,進(jìn)而在控制方面改善快速響應(yīng)特性,減少能量消耗,提高效率。 傳感技術(shù) 傳感器的問題集中在提高可靠性、靈敏度和精確度方面,提高可靠性與防干擾有著直接的關(guān)系。為了避免電干擾,目前有采用光纖電纜傳感器的趨勢(shì)。對(duì)外部信息傳感器來說，目前主要發(fā)展非接觸型檢測(cè)技術(shù)。 信息處理技術(shù) 機(jī)電一體化與微電子學(xué)的顯著進(jìn)步、信息處理設(shè)備(特別是微型計(jì)算機(jī))的普及應(yīng)用緊密相連。為進(jìn)一步發(fā)展機(jī)電一體化,必須提高信息處理設(shè)備的可靠性,包括模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)備的可靠性和分時(shí)處理的輸入輸?shù)目煽啃?進(jìn)而提高處理速度,并解決抗干擾及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化問題。 驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù) 電機(jī)作為驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)已被廣泛采用,但在快速響應(yīng)和效率等方面還存在一些問題。目前，正在積極發(fā)展內(nèi)部裝有編碼器的電機(jī)以及控制專用組件-傳感器-電機(jī)三位一體的伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)單元。 接口技術(shù) 為了與計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行通信,必須使數(shù)據(jù)傳遞的格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)格化。接口采用同一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格不僅有利于信息傳遞和維修, 而且可以簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)。目前,技術(shù)人員正致力于開發(fā)低成本、高速串行的接口,來解決信號(hào)電纜非接觸化、光導(dǎo)纖維以及光藕器的大容量化、小型化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化等問題。 軟件技術(shù) 軟件與硬件必須協(xié)調(diào)一致地發(fā)展。為了減少軟件的研制成本,提高生產(chǎn)維修的效率,要逐步推行軟件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,包括程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、程序模塊化、軟件程序的固化、推行軟件工程等。二、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 數(shù)控機(jī)床 數(shù)控機(jī)床及相應(yīng)的數(shù)控技術(shù)經(jīng)過40年的發(fā)展,在結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、操作和控制精度上都有迅速提高,具體表現(xiàn)在:1、總線式、模塊化、緊湊型的結(jié)構(gòu),即采用多C PU、多主總線的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。 2、開放性設(shè)計(jì),即硬件體系結(jié)構(gòu)和功能模塊具有層次性、兼容性、符合接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn),能最大限度地提高用戶的使用效益。 3、W O P技術(shù)和智能化。系統(tǒng)能提供面向車間的編程技術(shù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)二、三維加工過程的動(dòng)態(tài)仿真,并引入在線診斷、模糊控制等智能機(jī)制。4、大容量存儲(chǔ)器的應(yīng)用和軟件的模塊化設(shè)計(jì),不僅豐富了數(shù)控功能,同時(shí)也加強(qiáng)了C N C系統(tǒng)的控制功能。5、能實(shí)現(xiàn)多過程、多通道控制,即具有一臺(tái)機(jī)床同時(shí)完成多個(gè)獨(dú)立加工任務(wù)或控制多臺(tái)和多種機(jī)床的能力,并將刀具破損檢測(cè)、物料搬運(yùn)、機(jī)械手等控制都集成到系統(tǒng)中去。6、系統(tǒng)的多級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能,加強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)組合及構(gòu)成復(fù)雜加工系統(tǒng)的能力。7、以單板、單片機(jī)作為控制機(jī),加上專用芯片及模板組成結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的數(shù)控裝置。計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)(CIMS) CIMS的實(shí)現(xiàn)不是現(xiàn)有各分散系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)單組合,而是全局動(dòng)態(tài)最優(yōu)綜合。它打破原有部門之間的界線,以制造為基干來控制“物流”和“信息流”,實(shí)現(xiàn)從經(jīng)營(yíng)決策、產(chǎn)品開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備、生產(chǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的有機(jī)結(jié)合。企業(yè)集成度的提高可以使各種生產(chǎn)要素之間的配置得到更好的優(yōu)化,各種生產(chǎn)要素的潛力可以得到更大的發(fā)揮。柔性制造系統(tǒng)(FMS)柔性制造系統(tǒng)是計(jì)算機(jī)化的制造系統(tǒng),主要由計(jì)算機(jī)、數(shù)控機(jī)床、機(jī)器人、料盤、自動(dòng)搬運(yùn)小車和自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)庫等組成。它可以隨機(jī)地、實(shí)時(shí)地、按量地按照裝配部門的要求,生產(chǎn)其能力范圍內(nèi)的任何工件,特別適于多品種、中小批量、設(shè)計(jì)更改頻繁的離散零件的批量生產(chǎn)。工業(yè)機(jī)器人第1代機(jī)器人亦稱示教再現(xiàn)機(jī)器人,它們只能根據(jù)示教進(jìn)行重復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),對(duì)工作環(huán)境和作業(yè)對(duì)象的變化缺乏適應(yīng)性和靈活性;第2代機(jī)器人帶有各種先進(jìn)的傳感元件,能獲取作業(yè)環(huán)境和操作對(duì)象的簡(jiǎn)單信息,通過計(jì)算機(jī)處理、分析,做出一定的判斷,對(duì)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行反