載重汽車主減速器及差速器設(shè)計(jì)-東風(fēng)EQ1108G6D【7張cad圖紙+文檔全套資料】

喜歡就充值下載吧。資源目錄里展示的全都有，下載后全都有請放心下載，.dwg格式文件為原稿CAD圖紙，可自行編輯修改【QQ：1304139763可咨詢交流】=喜歡就充值下載吧。資源目錄里展示的全都有，下載后全都有請放心下載，.dwg格式文件為原稿CAD圖紙，可自行編輯修改【QQ：1304139763可咨詢交流】=喜歡就充值下載吧。資源目錄里展示的全都有，下載后全都有請放心下載，.dwg格式文件為原稿CAD圖紙，可自行編輯修改【QQ：1304139763可咨詢交流】= 科技譯文題 目 汽車差速器的發(fā)展史 學(xué)院名稱 專業(yè)名稱 年 級 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號 汽車差速器的發(fā)展史在火車和汽車出現(xiàn)之前，馬車一直都是人們出行十分重要交通工具。人們喜歡乘坐馬車從容地穿過鄉(xiāng)村的大道或古舊的城區(qū)街巷去拜訪朋友。追溯以往，我們已經(jīng)沒有辦法知道是誰第一個發(fā)明了車輪子，誰又造出了第一輛帶輪子的車輛。雖然車輪技術(shù)在初期并不太理想，但是它的出現(xiàn)還是提高了人類搬運(yùn)物品的速度，促進(jìn)了人類的發(fā)展。公元前2000年，有的部落開始用馬來拉有輪子的車，這種車輪已經(jīng)開始像圓形，而不是早期車輪那樣以整個木頭塊做成的。約公元前1世紀(jì)，羅馬制車匠發(fā)明了四輪馬車并逐漸加以改進(jìn)，使得四輪馬車可以以前輪為導(dǎo)向前進(jìn)。為了讓四輪馬車的性能更高，他們在車輪上鑲嵌金邊用來減少車輪與車體的摩擦。此后這種用作長途運(yùn)輸?shù)鸟R拉車成為各國主要的運(yùn)輸車輛。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是運(yùn)輸量大和運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，缺點(diǎn)是需要較為平坦的路面才能行駛。隨著用于四輪馬車行駛的道路年久失修，人們又改用實(shí)用的兩輪車，因?yàn)樗梢栽谄閸绲牡匦螚l件能夠行駛。后來經(jīng)過再次改進(jìn)，但人們對四輪馬車的速度始終不能滿意，希望發(fā)明一種比馬更有耐力和更強(qiáng)壯的動力機(jī)器，以使車輪能夠轉(zhuǎn)得更快。幾千年后，在英國和美國的一些地方，少數(shù)人開始試驗(yàn)用蒸汽做動力，以鋼鐵做道路。蒸汽火車便這樣出現(xiàn)了，它的使用大大縮短了人們遠(yuǎn)程旅行的時間。不過由于鐵軌鋪設(shè)的限制，人們?nèi)ゴ蠖鄶?shù)地方還只有依靠馬車。為了解決這個問題，尋找一種能夠完全替代馬車的物品，發(fā)明家們又開始忙碌了起來。后來經(jīng)過不懈努力，卡爾本茨研發(fā)出了一種能夠代替馬車的，就是由鋼鐵制成的三輪汽車。本茨發(fā)明的三輪汽車裝載量只相當(dāng)于兩輪馬車，并沒有舒適的車箱可供乘客遮風(fēng)擋雨，不能獲得大家認(rèn)可?？山鹱釉缤矶紩l(fā)光的，不久有人對三輪汽車進(jìn)行了改造，將它變?yōu)榱怂膫€輪子，并且具有像馬車一樣的帶窗箱子，還讓它有了一個好聽的名字“無馬馬車”。在這種四輪汽車出現(xiàn)后，它與四輪馬車最大不同的地方在于轉(zhuǎn)彎的時候。四輪馬車在轉(zhuǎn)彎的時候是控制馬拖動改變前面兩個輪子的前進(jìn)方向，再由與兩個前輪相連接的車箱拖動后輪進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)向運(yùn)動。由于馬是動力的來源，前輪只是被馬拖著完成轉(zhuǎn)向的，后輪通過車體帶動完成的，所以不存在轉(zhuǎn)向困難的問題。而汽車的結(jié)構(gòu)則完全不同，它將發(fā)動機(jī)安裝在車身上，但是驅(qū)動汽車前進(jìn)的力卻必須直接傳送到輪子上。動力傳遞要經(jīng)過離合器、變速器、萬向節(jié)、傳動軸等裝置。這樣汽車的前輪與后輪之間就多出來了一根杠桿，而杠桿只能以一種速度傳給后面的兩個輪，這樣的直接后果就是后輪不能以不同速度轉(zhuǎn)動，就會造成轉(zhuǎn)彎困難。若汽車順利轉(zhuǎn)彎，兩個后輪就不能以相同的速度轉(zhuǎn)動。汽車在轉(zhuǎn)彎的時候，車輪的行駛軌跡是一個圓弧，如果向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，圓弧的中心點(diǎn)就在左側(cè)，同一時間，右側(cè)輪子走的弧線就比左側(cè)輪子長。汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時要平衡左右輪的差異，右側(cè)的輪子轉(zhuǎn)的快一點(diǎn)，左側(cè)的輪子轉(zhuǎn)的慢一點(diǎn)，用轉(zhuǎn)速的不同來彌補(bǔ)距離上的差異。汽車工程師為了解決這個問題。他們先是試著讓兩個后輪不再使用一根杠桿進(jìn)行連接而是斷開，讓兩個后輪獨(dú)自擁有一根杠桿，也就是兩個獨(dú)立的軸，就是半軸。只要對兩個半軸上的杠桿分別施以不同的力量，就能使得左右兩個車輪具有不同的轉(zhuǎn)速。斷開后麻煩就來了，汽車只有一根傳動軸，怎么能分別給兩個半軸合理傳輸動力呢?這就需要一個裝置來做中間“人”。先用兩根杠桿在垂直角度與兩個連接后輪的杠桿相連，然后再通過一個杠桿在水平的位置與垂直的位置兩個杠桿相交，從而帶動兩個后輪的轉(zhuǎn)動。這樣的連接方式雖然可以使得兩個后輪進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)動，但不能實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個車輪以不同的速度轉(zhuǎn)動，因?yàn)樗鼈儗?shí)際的意義上還是一個整體。經(jīng)過不斷的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在連接兩個后輪的杠桿上各安裝一個十字杠桿，并且與它們的垂直角度也安裝一個相同的十字杠桿，并用這個十字杠桿來帶動兩個輪上的十字杠桿。隨著垂直角度的十字杠桿的轉(zhuǎn)動，中間的這個十字杠桿并不會在同一時間內(nèi)帶動連接兩個后輪的十字杠桿，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩個車輪處于有不同的轉(zhuǎn)速。這樣雖然能解決了兩后輪不同轉(zhuǎn)速的問題，但是十字杠桿的空間過大，三個十字杠桿就容易出現(xiàn)帶動困難的情況。后又在十字杠桿的基礎(chǔ)上增加更多的杠桿，總共增加到了十二根，就形成了三個有十二根杠桿的風(fēng)車輪，這樣三個風(fēng)車輪都能夠很好的轉(zhuǎn)動。解決方案的模型已經(jīng)造出，總不可能在汽車上直接就安裝吧。在機(jī)械上與風(fēng)車輪具有相同功能的就是齒輪，而且齒輪可以根據(jù)需要打造更多的齒進(jìn)行咬合，使用壽命還比較長，出現(xiàn)脫落的機(jī)率微乎其微，完全是實(shí)現(xiàn)這個模型的最佳選擇。當(dāng)時這樣的設(shè)計(jì)只是簡單的完成了原始的方案，并沒有實(shí)際上應(yīng)用到汽車上。就像任何一幅大作都需要畫龍點(diǎn)睛的一筆，完成這一筆的人就是法國雷諾汽車的創(chuàng)始人路易斯雷諾。雷諾在看到了這個原始的設(shè)計(jì)后，要想若將它應(yīng)用到汽車上還需要改進(jìn)才行。不光需要齒輪緊緊咬合，還需要使齒輪可以隨著其他齒輪一起轉(zhuǎn)動，但齒輪還不能太多，六個就足夠。東西是有了，還是應(yīng)該給它取個好聽的名字，“差速器”就不錯，形象而且生動。就這樣，解決汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎問題的差速器誕生了。在此后的一百多年里，汽車外觀和其他部件換了一代又一代，但這個關(guān)鍵部件還是沒有多大的改變，因?yàn)樗慕M成原理注定了它就是那個樣子。什么樣子呢?簡單一點(diǎn)的說就是由六個齒輪所組成。復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)，就是由一組行星齒輪組成，核心是兩個行星齒輪和兩個與左右后輪傳動軸相連接的半軸齒輪。什么是行星齒輪?在浩瀚的宇宙中，有這樣一種星球，它不僅圍繞著自己的軸線進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)動，而且還圍繞著其他的星球進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)動。如地球，地球就是一個行星。不僅要自轉(zhuǎn)，還要圍繞著太陽進(jìn)行不停地公轉(zhuǎn)。明白了什么是行星后，就容易理解行星齒輪了。行星齒輪是指那些不僅自身要轉(zhuǎn)動，而且還要圍繞著其他齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動的齒輪。差速器是由六個齒輪組成的，兩個行星齒輪+兩個半軸齒輪=四個齒輪，還有兩個。剩下的這兩個齒輪就是負(fù)責(zé)與傳動桿連接的，將發(fā)動機(jī)輸出的動力，在經(jīng)過了變速箱和傳動軸順利的交接給差速器，再由差速器根據(jù)實(shí)際的情況將動力分配到左右兩個后輪。只有將差速器安裝在傳動桿與兩個后輪半軸之間才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)合理的控制車輪的轉(zhuǎn)速，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個車輪具有不同速度的目的。在將這六個齒輪安裝到相應(yīng)位置后，總不能讓它們裸露在外吧，還需要安一個遮風(fēng)擋雨的保護(hù)殼，以保護(hù)齒輪不受到其他位置零部件的干擾。為了節(jié)省空間，現(xiàn)代的差速器很少再使用經(jīng)典的平面齒輪了，更多的是使用曲齒圓錐齒輪、交錯軸斜齒輪、準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪甚至蝸桿，但基本的六個齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)一直延續(xù)了下來。History of automotive differentialBefore the advent of the train and bus, coach has been very important for people to travel transportation. People like to take a leisurely carriage road through the village streets of the city or to visit old friends. Trace the past, we have no way of knowing who invented the wheel first child, who has created the first one wheeled vehicles. Although the wheel technology in the early and less than ideal, but its there or to improve the human handling of goods, promoting human development. 2000 BC, some tribes began to Malays pull a wheeled vehicle, the wheels have started like this round, rather than early, as the whole wheel made of wood blocks. 1st century BC, the Roman system, Cartwright invented the chariot and gradually be improved, making the four-wheel carriage can be driven forward. In order for carriage of higher performance, they are embedded in Phnom Penh on wheels used to reduce the friction wheel and body. After such a long-distance transport of horse-drawn vehicles for a major national transport vehicles. The advantage is that transport large and smooth operation, drawback is the need to travel relatively flat road. With the road for carriage driving dilapidated, two-wheelers people and use practical, because it can travel over rough terrain can be. Later, after once again improved, but it is the speed of the carriage is not always satisfactory, hoping to invent a more endurance than the horse power and more robust machines to make the wheels to turn faster. Thousands of years later, in some parts of the United Kingdom and the United States, few people began to experiment with steam-powered, with a steel-made road. This steam train will be there, its use greatly reduces the distance people travel time. However, because of restrictions on the laying of tracks, most places only people to rely on the carriage. To solve this problem, to find a way to completely replace the carriage of goods, inventors began to busy again. Later, through unremitting efforts, Carl Benz developed a way to replace the carriage, is made of three cars of steel. Benz invented the three-wheeled vehicles loading only the equivalent of two carriages, the carriages are not comfortable shelter for passengers, can not get you recognized. Sooner or later gold will be shining, and soon was on the three vehicles has been transformed, it becomes four wheels, and has the same belt as the carriage window boxes, it also has a nice name, No Mama car. In this four-wheeled vehicles appears, with the biggest wagon is a different place when cornering. When the carriage is in turn control the horse drag to change the forward direction of the front two wheels, then connected with the two front wheels for steering the rear trunk drag movement. As the horse is a source of power, front wheel only to be dragged to complete turn of the horse, rear-wheel drive through the body done, so there is no turning difficult problems. The cars structure is completely different, it will be the engine installed in the car body, but the forces driving the car forward, but must be sent directly to the wheels. Power transfer to go through the clutch, transmission, universal joints, drive shafts and other devices. This cars front and rear wheels out more between a lever, while the lever can only be passed back to a speed of two wheels, so a direct consequence of the rear wheels can rotate at different speeds, will result in turning difficult. If the car turns smoothly, the two rear wheels can not turn the same speed. When the car turns, the wheel travel path is an arc, if turning left, the center of the arc on the left, at the same time, the right wheels to go a long arc than the left wheel. When the car turns left and right wheels to balance the difference the right wheels turn a little faster, turn the wheel left a little slower, with different speed to compensate for the distance differences. Automotive engineers to solve this problem. First they try to make the two rear wheels are no longer using a lever connected but disconnected, so that the two rear wheels with a lever alone, that is, two independent axes, is the axle. As long as the lever on the axle of the two were subject to different forces, we can make about two wheels have different speeds. After the trouble came off, the car is only a drive shaft, how can two axle, respectively, to transmit power it reasonable? This requires a device to do the middle of person. First with two levers and two connections in the vertical angle of the lever connected to the rear, and then by a lever in a horizontal position and vertical position of the two levers intersect, so as to drive two rear wheels turn. Although such a connection can be made for the two rear wheels rotating, but can not achieve the two wheels rotate at different speeds, because their actual sense, or as a whole. After years of experiments found that the lever connecting the two rear wheels of the installation of a cross on the lever, and with them also installed a vertical angle of the same cross levers, and use this leverage to drive two wheels cross the cross on the lever. With the vertical angle of the cross lever rotation in the middle of the cross lever and not at the same time connecting the two rear wheels driven by the cross levers, wheels in order to achieve the two different speeds. Although this can solve the problem of two different speed rear wheel, but the space is too large cross levers, three cross drive lever prone to difficult situations. Then on the basis of the cross lever to add more leverage, increased to a total of twelve, to form a three twelve leverage wind wheel, so all three can be a good wind wheels turning. Solution model has manufactured, the total can not be directly installed in the car on it. With the wind in the mechanical function of the wheel is the same gear, and gear as needed to create more teeth to bite, life is relatively long, there is minimal chance of loss is completely the best choice to achieve this model. This design was simply to complete the original program does not actually applied to the car. Like any masterpiece needs a finishing touch to complete this amount of people is the founder of France, Louis Renault Renault. Renault saw the original design, in order to apply it to the car If we need to improve Caixing. Closely not only need to gear meshing, gear may also need to rotate together with the other gear, but gear can not be too much, six is enough. What is there, or should give it a nice name, differential pretty good, and vivid image. In this way, to solve the problem of differential turning car was born. Over the next 100 years, other components for automotive appearance and generation after generation, but the key components is not much change, because its composed of the principle that it is destined that way. Look like? Simple point that is formed by the six gears. Complex that is formed by a group of planetary gears, two core and two planetary gear shaft with the left rear wheel axle gear connected. What is a planetary gear? In the vast universe, there is such a planet, it is not only revolve around their own axis of rotation, but also around other planets to rotate. Such as the Earth, the Earth is a planet. Not only to rotation, but also around the sun to keep the revolution. Understand what is a planet, the planetary gear up it is easy to understand. Planetary gear means to turn that not only their own, but also around the other gears of the gear. Differential is composed of six gears, planetary gear + two = four gear two axle gear, there are two. The remaining two gears with the drive rod is responsible for connecting the engine output power, gearbox and drive shaft after a smooth transition to the differential, then the differential will be based on the actual situation to the power distribution left and right rear wheels. Only differential installed in the rear axle drive rod between the two can achieve reasonable control wheel speed, in order to achieve the speed of two wheels with different purposes. In this six gear installed to the appropriate location, can not let them exposed it, still need a safe shelter to protect shell to protect the gear position is not affected by other parts of the interference. To save space, modern differential rarely use the classic flat gear, and more is to use the song bevel gears, screw gears, hypoid gears or worm, but the basic structure of the six gears have been continued down. - 9 -畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）成績單院系專業(yè)入學(xué)時間學(xué)號學(xué)生姓名班級周數(shù)起止日期指導(dǎo)教師職稱論文題目載重汽車主減速器及差速器設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)教師評語建議成績指導(dǎo)教師簽名 年 月 日評閱人評語建議成績評閱人簽名 年 月 日答辯與評分綜合成績答辯小組負(fù)責(zé)人簽名 年 月 日本成績單一式二份，一份裝訂在畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）中，一份入學(xué)生學(xué)籍檔案。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)評價表指導(dǎo)教師評語建議成績指導(dǎo)教師簽名年月日評閱人評語建議成績評閱人簽名年月日答辯與評分綜合成績答辯小組負(fù)責(zé)人簽名年月日院學(xué)術(shù)委員會意見主任（院長）簽字：年月日 載重汽車主減速器及差速器設(shè)計(jì)摘要：汽車主減速器及差速器是汽車后橋的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由傳動軸或直接由變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，再將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給左右驅(qū)動車輪，并使左右驅(qū)動車輪具有汽車行駛運(yùn)動所要求的差速功能。同時，驅(qū)動橋還要承受作用于路面和車架或承載車身之間的鉛垂力、縱向力、橫向力及其力矩。其質(zhì)量、性能的好壞直接影響整車的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、舒適性、可靠性。本文參考了東風(fēng)EQ1090E載重汽車驅(qū)動橋，在論述載重汽車汽車驅(qū)動橋運(yùn)行機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上，提練出了在驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)掌握的滿足汽車行駛的平順性和通過性、降噪技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及零件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、部件的通用化、產(chǎn)品的系列化等三大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；闡述了汽車驅(qū)動橋的基本原理并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析；根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、適用、舒適、安全可靠的設(shè)計(jì)原則和分析比較，確定了載重汽車驅(qū)動橋結(jié)構(gòu)形式、布置方法、主減速器總成、差速器總成的結(jié)構(gòu)型式；并對主要零部件進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核，完善了主減速器及差速器的整體設(shè)計(jì)。通過本課題的研究，開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出適用于裝置大功率發(fā)動機(jī)載重汽車的單級驅(qū)動橋產(chǎn)品，確保設(shè)計(jì)的載重汽車驅(qū)動橋經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用、安全、可靠。關(guān)鍵詞：載重汽車； 主減速器； 差速器； 設(shè)計(jì) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書中文摘要畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書外文摘要Differential design of the main gear and truckAbstractAutomotive final drive and rear axle differential is one of the main components, its basic function is to increase the drive shaft or transmission came directly from the torque, then torque distribution to the left and right drive wheels, and to drive the wheels with the car driving around the required differential movement capabilities. Meanwhile, the drive axle must bear the effect on the body surface and the frame or between the vertical load force, longitudinal force, lateral force and torque. Its quality, performance, a direct impact on vehicle safety, economy, comfort and reliability. This reference to the east EQ1090E truck drive axle, in his discussion of automotive drive axle truck running mechanism, based on the extraction of a bridge design in the driver should have to meet the comfort and vehicle driving through sex, noise reduction technology and standardization of parts, components of the universal, the product series such as the three key technologies; describes the basic principles of automotive drive axle and a systematic analysis; based on economic, suitable, comfortable, safe and reliable design principles and analysis and comparison identified the truck driver bridge structure, layout methods, the main gear assembly, thedifferential assembly structure; and strength check of major components were to improve the final drive and the overall design of differential . Through this research project, designed to develop high-power engine on the device for single-stage drive axle truck products, ensure that the design of the truck drive axle economic, practical, safe and reliable. 朗讀顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音字典Keywords： heavy truck; Final drive; Differential; Design.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書外文摘要目錄1緒論1 2設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書2 3設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書3 3.1 主減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇3 3.1.1 主減速器的齒輪類型選擇3 3.1.2 主減速器的減速形式選擇5 3.1.3 主減速器主、從動雙曲面齒輪的支承型式7 3.2 主減速器基本參數(shù)的選擇與計(jì)算載荷的確定9 3.2.1車輪滾動半徑和主減速比的確定：9 3.2.2主減速器齒輪計(jì)算載荷的確定10 3.2.3主減速器齒輪基本參數(shù)的確定12 3.3主要計(jì)算17 3.3.1 單位齒長上的圓周力17 3.3.2輪齒的彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算18 3.3.3 輪齒的接觸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算20 3.4 主減速器軸承的計(jì)算21 3.4.1 雙曲面齒輪的軸向力和徑向力計(jì)算21 3.5 主減速器齒輪的材料及熱處理22 3.6 差速器總成的設(shè)計(jì)23 3.6.1 差速器結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇24 3.6.2 差速器齒輪主要參數(shù)選擇25 3.6.3 差速器齒輪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算28 4使用說明書29 4.1主要參數(shù)294.2主減速器及差速器工作原理294.3潤滑使用及維修305標(biāo)準(zhǔn)審查報(bào)告305.1 產(chǎn)品圖樣的審查305.2 產(chǎn)品技術(shù)文件的審查315.3 標(biāo)注件的使用情況315.4 審查結(jié)論31結(jié) 論32參考文獻(xiàn)33致謝34本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)選題審批表畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目載重汽車主減速器及差速器設(shè)計(jì)指 導(dǎo) 教 師職 稱學(xué)生具備條件熟練做圖的能力以及獨(dú)立分析問題的能力選題完成形式畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書和圖紙內(nèi) 容 簡 要：汽車主減速器及差速器是汽車后橋的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由傳動軸或直接由變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，再將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給左右驅(qū)動車輪，并使左右驅(qū)動車輪具有汽車行駛運(yùn)動所要求的差速功能。同時，驅(qū)動橋還要承受作用于路面和車架或承載車身之間的鉛垂力、縱向力、橫向力及其力矩。其質(zhì)量、性能的好壞直接影響整車的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、舒適性、可靠性。本文參考了東風(fēng)EQ1090E載重汽車驅(qū)動橋，在論述載重汽車汽車驅(qū)動橋運(yùn)行機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上，提練出了在驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)掌握的滿足汽車行駛的平順性和通過性、降噪技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及零件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、部件的通用化、產(chǎn)品的系列化等三大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；闡述了汽車驅(qū)動橋的基本原理并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析；根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、適用、舒適、安全可靠的設(shè)計(jì)原則和分析比較，確定了載重汽車驅(qū)動橋結(jié)構(gòu)形式、布置方法、主減速器總成、差速器總成的結(jié)構(gòu)型式；并對主要零部件進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核，完善了主減速器及差速器的整體設(shè)計(jì)。通過本課題的研究，開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出適用于裝置大功率發(fā)動機(jī)載重汽車的單級驅(qū)動橋產(chǎn)品，確保設(shè)計(jì)的載重汽車驅(qū)動橋經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用、安全、可靠。系主任簽字： 年 月 日 院長簽字： 年 月 日2選題的依據(jù)及意義（包括課題的理論價值和實(shí)踐價值；國內(nèi)外的研究概況等）：載重汽車實(shí)指最大總質(zhì)量大于3500Kg的M類和N類汽車。它由重型牽引車和重型掛車組成的汽車列車。用于運(yùn)載尺寸和重量都超過公路交通法規(guī)規(guī)定限界的大型貨車。歐洲重型汽車制造公司大力推行海外戰(zhàn)略，歐洲各大公司正在努力將其先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)制造技術(shù)移植到亞洲和南美洲，并將產(chǎn)品在當(dāng)?shù)劁N售，以降低生產(chǎn)成本、獲得利潤的增加。其海外戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)質(zhì)，是通過與當(dāng)?shù)刂圃旃竞献骱秃喜磉_(dá)到移植的目的。各大公司努力拓展海外市場另一個目的，是要通過與海外廠家合作加大新產(chǎn)品研制力度，來縮短新產(chǎn)品投放市場的周期。轎車市場正打得火熱，看似平靜的重型汽車市場也難耐寂寞。一汽、東風(fēng)、重汽雖以國內(nèi)市場總占有率超過80%踞有天下三分之勢，卻仍有春蘭、北汽福田等新近跟近，國外實(shí)力雄厚的重型汽車生產(chǎn)廠家也正在摩拳擦掌，伺機(jī)出擊。中國龐大的汽車市場的確能引起淘金者的無限遐想，這自然是分羹之爭越加強(qiáng)烈。改革開放以來，中國的汽車工業(yè)得到了長足的發(fā)展，尤其是加入WTO以后，我國的汽車市場對外開放，汽車工業(yè)逐漸成為世界汽車整體市場的一個重要組成部分。同樣，車用減速器也隨著整車的發(fā)展不斷成長和成熟起來。與國外相比，我國的車用減速器及差速器開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)不論是在技術(shù)上、制造工藝上，還是在成本控制上都存在不小的差距，尤其是齒輪制造技術(shù)上缺乏獨(dú)立開發(fā)與創(chuàng)新能力，技術(shù)手段落后（國外已實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)編程化、電算化）。目前比較突出的問題是，行業(yè)整體新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力弱、工藝創(chuàng)新及管理水平低，企業(yè)管理方式較為粗放，相當(dāng)比例的產(chǎn)品仍為中低檔次，缺乏有國際影響力的產(chǎn)品品牌，行業(yè)整體散亂情況依然嚴(yán)重。總體說來，車用減速器發(fā)展趨勢和特點(diǎn)是向著六高、二低、二化方向發(fā)展，即高承載能力、高齒面硬度、高精度、高速度、高可靠性、高傳動效率，低噪音、低成本，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、多樣化，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動化技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用。在本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，重點(diǎn)對主減速器及差速器進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，并滿足強(qiáng)度和剛度要求。 通過本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，可讓自己能綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、理論力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、汽車構(gòu)造、汽車?yán)碚摗⑵囋O(shè)計(jì)、汽車CAD等專業(yè)知識，能熟練掌握汽車各零部件的設(shè)計(jì)步驟和要求。本課題研究內(nèi)容汽車主減速器及差速器是汽車后橋的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由傳動軸或直接由變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，再將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給左右驅(qū)動車輪，并使左右驅(qū)動車輪具有汽車行駛運(yùn)動所要求的差速功能。同時，驅(qū)動橋還要承受作用于路面和車架或承載車身之間的鉛垂力、縱向力、橫向力及其力矩。其質(zhì)量、性能的好壞直接影響整車的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、舒適性、可靠性。本文參考了東風(fēng)EQ1090E載重汽車驅(qū)動橋，在論述載重汽車汽車驅(qū)動橋運(yùn)行機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上，提練出了在驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)掌握的滿足汽車行駛的平順性和通過性、降噪技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及零件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、部件的通用化、產(chǎn)品的系列化等三大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；闡述了汽車驅(qū)動橋的基本原理并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析；根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、適用、舒適、安全可靠的設(shè)計(jì)原則和分析比較，確定了載重汽車驅(qū)動橋結(jié)構(gòu)形式、布置方法、主減速器總成、差速器總成的結(jié)構(gòu)型式；并對主要零部件進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核，完善了主減速器及差速器的整體設(shè)計(jì)。通過本課題的研究，開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出適用于裝置大功率發(fā)動機(jī)載重汽車的單級驅(qū)動橋產(chǎn)品，確保設(shè)計(jì)的載重汽車驅(qū)動橋經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用、安全、可靠。本課題研究方案1、通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)和圖書館查閱設(shè)計(jì)所需資料。2、通過調(diào)查、實(shí)踐、學(xué)習(xí)掌握本次設(shè)計(jì)使用的主要工具。3、通過查閱資料掌握主減速器及差速器的參數(shù)選擇及設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。4、通過在實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)習(xí)，了解拆裝實(shí)物，掌握主減速器及差速器的結(jié)構(gòu)。研究的創(chuàng)新之處（1）提高了主減速器、差速器的效率；（2）動力效應(yīng)上的合理性。 研究過程(含完成期限)第4周查閱資料，擬定課題，完成開題報(bào)告第5-6周收集有關(guān)資料和數(shù)據(jù)第7-12周實(shí)驗(yàn)整理分析資料第13-14周完成論文初稿第15-16周修改論文并定稿第17周答辯、提交相關(guān)材料及論文指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年 月 日教研室意見 教研室主任簽名：年 月 日院系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日本科生畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告題 目 載重汽車主減速器及差速器設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)院名稱 專業(yè)名稱 年 級 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號 指導(dǎo)教師 職 稱 年 月 日