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摘 要
隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,汽車已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘I钪斜夭豢扇鄙俚墓ぞ摺F嚨男枨罅吭诓粩嘣鲩L。在沒有找到更好的替代品之前,對(duì)汽車而言汽車離合器一直將發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用。汽車的性能與汽車離合器質(zhì)量有著密切相關(guān)。因此怎樣找到一種加工方法使離合器加工精度高,加工質(zhì)量好,生產(chǎn)成本低是目前最重要的。而精密模鍛是一種相對(duì)而言比較有優(yōu)勢(shì)的加工方法。針對(duì)嚙合套結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),提出了模膛設(shè)計(jì)加工的要素及制造鍛模齒形模的工藝,確定了其精鍛成形工藝。在模具設(shè)計(jì)過程中,利用三維設(shè)計(jì)軟件Solid Works完成了嚙合套模具和零件的幾何形狀造型和二維工程圖,通過AutoCAD對(duì)其二維工程圖進(jìn)行修改完善。
關(guān)鍵詞:嚙合套;加工方法;精密模鍛;Solid Works
Abstract
As the economy develops, cars have gradually become an indispensable tool in daily life. The demand for automobiles is ever-increasing. Before an alternative could be found, the clutch will always play an essential role in cars—since the performance of a car is directly related to the quality of its clutch. Therefore, at this point, the most important task is to find a way in which clutches can be produced in high precision, superior quality, but at the same time, at a lower cost. Relatively speaking, the precision die forging process is a better method. Considering the structural characteristics of the meshing bush—the core structure of a clutch, this paper explains the constituent elements of designing mold chambers and the process of making bevel gear mold, which together decide both the design and making of the meshing bush’s precision die forging mold. The solid modeling software Solid Works was used to produce the geometric designs and 2-D engineering drawings of the mold and its product, facilitated by AutoCAD in revising and improving the 2-D drawings.
Keywords:clutch;mold;Processing method;Precision forging;Solid Works
目 錄
摘要
Abstract
引言········································································1
第一章 模具的概述 ··········································· 2
1.1 模具的概念、作用和優(yōu)點(diǎn)·········································· 2
1.2 模具的分類和成形特點(diǎn)············································ 3
1.3 模具的加工方法和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ········································7
1.4模具的材料選擇 ················································ 8
第二章 模鍛生產(chǎn)工藝 ····································· 11
2.1 模鍛成形方法 ············································ 11
2.1.1模鍛成形過程 ········································11
2.1.2模鍛時(shí)金屬的流動(dòng)方向判別································ 13
2.1.3模鍛的分類 ······································ 13
2.1.4鍛造工藝的基本工序和工步 ························· 14
2.2 模鍛變形的力學(xué)與金屬學(xué)基礎(chǔ) ····························· 18
2.2.1基本物理量 ······································· 18
2.2.2 塑性變形 ········································· 18
2.2.3塑性條件(屈服準(zhǔn)則) ····························· 19
2.2.4塑性變形體積不變條件 ····························· 20
2.2.5 塑變圖············································· 20
2.2.6金屬的塑性和塑性指標(biāo)································ 21
2.3鍛模的基本失效形式及外觀檢查······························ 22
2.4模鍛工藝制定的主要內(nèi)容 ································· 24
2. 4. 1 制定與模鍛變形相關(guān)的工藝 ······················ 24
2. 4. 2 制定模鍛變形前和變形后的工藝 ················· 25
2.5 模鍛件圖設(shè)計(jì) ·········································· 26
2.5.1 分模面設(shè)計(jì)········································· 26
2. 5. 2 加工余量、鍛件公差和鍛造余塊 ·················· 26
2. 5. 3 模鍛斜度 ······································ 29
2. 5. 4 圓角半徑 ······································ 30
2. 5. 5 沖孔連皮 ······································ 31
2. 5. 6飛邊槽的設(shè)計(jì) ····································· 31
2. 5. 7 技術(shù)條件 ·······································33
第三章 嚙合套的精密鍛壓模具設(shè)計(jì) ·······················34
3.1 課題主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 ·······································34
3.2主要設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ············································34
3.3具體設(shè)計(jì)分析計(jì)算···········································35
3.4預(yù)鍛模膛設(shè)計(jì)···············································44
3.4.1 預(yù)鍛模膛作用········································44
3.4.2 預(yù)鍛模膛設(shè)計(jì)········································45
3.5 終鍛模膛設(shè)計(jì) ··········································45
3.6 原毛坯尺寸的確定··········································47
3.7 模鍛變形前的熱處理工序····································48
3.7.1加熱的目的 ········································48
3.7.2加熱的方法 ·······································48
3.7.3鍛件溫度的選擇 ·····································49
3.7.4鍛件的冷卻 ·····································50
3.7.5鋼在加熱過程中的物理、化學(xué)變化························50
3.8 模具材料的選擇 ···········································51
第四章 模具的三維實(shí)體造型·····································53
4.1 Solid Works功能簡(jiǎn)介········································53
4.2 SolidWorks三維造型·········································53
第五章 總結(jié) ···················································56
致謝 ·················································57
附錄:參考文獻(xiàn) ·······································57
VII