2020屆高考英語 分類題庫 解析第23集 完形填空命題點4 說明夾敘述01

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1、2020;2020屆高考英語分類題庫 解析第23集：完形填空命題點4 說明夾敘述01 本類考題解答錦囊 高考完形填空中非常具有特色，難度也很高的一種文體就是把說明和敘述融為一體的文章。這類文章類似于夾敘夾議的文章，它往往是先提出要說明的話題，然后通過敘述具體的事件或故事來說明作者要說明的問題，因此大家做好這類題材的完形填空的關(guān)鍵，還是應(yīng)該抓住作者要說明的話題，然后讀懂作者敘述事件或故事的用意，把握說明和敘述之間的關(guān)系。 Ⅰ 高考最新熱門題 1 (典型例題 What is intelligence(智力)anyway?When 1 was in the army I 1 a

2、n intelligence test that a11 sOldiers took，and，against 2 Of 100，scored 160． I hadanauto-repair man once，who，on these intelligence tests，COHldnot 3 havescoredmorethan 80． 4 ，when anythinS went wrong with my carI hurned to him-and he a1ways 5 it． Well，then，suppose my auto-repair man 6

3、 questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them I'd prove myselfa 7 . In a world where l have to work with my 8 , I'd do poorly. Consider my auto-repair man 9 . He had a habit of telling 10 . One time he said,"Doe, a deaf-and-dumb (聾啞) man 11 some nails. Having entered

4、 a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made 12 movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He 13 his head and pointed to the two fingers he was ham mering. The clerk 14 him some nails. He picked out the right size and left. Well, Doc, the 15 man who

5、came in was blind. He wanted scissors(剪刀). 16 do you suppose he asked for them? "I lifted my right hand and made scissoing movements with my first two fingers. He burst out laughing and said,"Why, you fool, he used his 17 and asked for them. I've been 18 that on all my customers today,

6、but I knew 19 I'd catch you. "Why is that?" I asked. "Because you are so goddamned educated, Doc. I knew you couldn't be very 20 ." And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there. 1. A. failed B. wrote C. received D. chose 2. A. an average B. a total C. an exam

7、 D. a number 3. A. always B possibly C. certainly D. frequently 4. A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet 5. A. fixed B. checked C. drove D. changed 6. A. answered B. practiced C. designed D. tried 7.

8、 A. teacher B. doctor C. winner D. fool 8. A. brains B effort C. hands D. attention 9. A. again B. asusual C. too D. as well 10. A. lies B. jokes C. news D. tales 11. A. bought B. tested C. found D. needed 12. A. cutting

9、 B. hammering C. waving D. circling 13. A. nodded B. raised C. shook D. turned 14. A. brought B. packed C. sent D. sold 15. A. clever B. other C. right D. next 16. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which 17. A. imagination

10、 B. hand C. voice D. information 18. A. trying B. proving C. practising D. examining 19. A. for sure B. at once C. in fact D. right now 20. A. clear B. silly C. slow D. smart 命題目的與解題技巧：本文是完形填空中的說明的夾敘

11、述題材，主要考查學(xué)生的綜合邏輯能加此類文章往往無提出(要)說明的話題，然后通過敘述具體的事件或故事來說明作者要說明的問題。本文作者通過自己與汽車修理工的對話來說明所謂的“智力測驗”并不一定總是科學(xué)的，做好此類題型的關(guān)鍵是應(yīng)該抓住作者要說明的話題，然后讀懂作者敘述事件或故事的用意。 答案： 1．C 解析：receiveanintelligencetest接受智力測試。根據(jù)賓語anintelligencetest和下文中所得分數(shù)160分，可以確定作 者“接受了一次智力測驗”，而不是沒有通過智力測驗。 2.A 解析：介詞against在這里表示對比關(guān)系，平均成績(an average)1

12、00分與作者得到的160分相比較，說明作者的智力水平高，為下文自己被一個他估計在這種智力測驗中可能得不到80分的汽車修理工提出的問題難住埋下了伏筆。 3．B 解析：根據(jù)所提供的情境when anything went wrong withmycarlhurriedtohim可以判斷出這位汽車修理工不是一名軍人，他沒有參加上文提到的那次智力測驗，這是作者的估計，所以要填possibly。 4．D 解析：yet是并列連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“然而”。在智力測試中不可能得高分，但是，在修理汽車方面卻很在行。 5．A 解析：fix安裝，修理。不言而喻，汽車修理工的工作是修理汽車，每當(dāng)作者的汽

13、車出了毛病急急忙忙去找他時，他都能把汽車修理好。check檢查，只檢查解決不了問題。 6．C 解析：design設(shè)計。假如我的汽車修理工為智力測驗設(shè)計題目。根據(jù)uestions的定語for some intelligence tests 很容易排除其他三個選項。 7．D 解析：根據(jù)下文中這位汽車修理工的話“Why，you fool，”可以確定答案。byeveryoneofthem中的介問by說明手段或方式，them指代questions，用汽車修理工所設(shè)計的每一個問題，都證明“我”是一個笨蛋。 8. C 解析：從上下文可以看出作者是一名智商很高的醫(yī)生，是腦力勞動者。比較I'd d。

14、poorly+可知作者假設(shè)用自己的雙手工作，會做得很差。where l have to work with my hands是定語從句，作world的定語。I'dd。poorly．是虛擬語氣。 9．A 解析：第二段作者談?wù)摿怂钠囆蘩砉ぴ谥橇y驗中可能得比較低的分數(shù)，但是，在修理汽車方面卻很在行。第 三段是作者對自己如果從事體力勞動可能會很差的假設(shè)。所以，在第四段再次講述修理工的故事，要用again．too和as well的意思基本相同，表示“也，還”；asUsual像平常一樣。 10．B 解析：下文所講述的聾啞人買釘子和盲人買剪刀的事都是笑話(jokes)．tales傳說，謊言。

15、 11．D 解析：needed作行為動詞的意思是“需要”。needed some nails是這位聾啞人進入商店的原因。選項A (bought)有很大的迷惑性。一些考生認為這位聾啞人到商店的目的是買釘子，所以填了bought．但是，bought somenails(買了一些釘子)表示結(jié)果，如果他買釘子了，就不會再進入商店了。 12．B 解析：因為這位聾啞人到商店買釘子，所以他走進商店，把兩個手指放在柜臺上做夾釘子的動作，另一只手做錘子敲打的動作(hammeringmovement)． 13．C 解析：售貨員給他拿出了錘子，他搖了搖頭，表示售貨員誤解了他的意思。 14．A 解析：根

16、據(jù)上文Theclerkbroughthimahammer．可確定應(yīng)填brought．售貨員給他拿了釘子。pack包裝；send 送；sell賣。都與下文中所提供的情境He picked out the rightsizeandleft．不符。 15．D 解析：thenextman下一個進來的人；theotherman剩下的另一個，表示只有聾啞人與盲人兩個人；therightman合適的人；the cleverman聰明的人。都與上下文的意思不符。 16．B 解析：how表示方式，如何。這是一個特殊疑問句。do yousuppose是插人語。heasked for them是一個完整的

17、句子，所以不能填what，who或which，它們在特殊疑問句中都充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。 17．C 解析：voice說話的聲音。盲人會說話，他們買東西時用自己的話語表達自己的意思就可以了。 18．A 解析：trysth．。n sb．用某事耍弄某人。修理工講這個故事的目的是開玩笑。我今天用這個故事和我的所有顧客開玩笑。prove證明；practising作及物動詞的意思是“練習(xí)，實習(xí)”；examine檢查，考試。 19．A 解析：for sure肯定地，有把握地。汽車修理工在下文中所說的話說明他有把握使作者上當(dāng)受騙。alonce馬上，立刻；infact事實上；rightnow就在現(xiàn)在

18、。 20．D 解析：smart除了有“聰明，伶俐”的意思外，還有“滑頭，詭”的意思。從上文的內(nèi)容我們可以看出，作者是一位醫(yī)生，在部隊里的一次智力測驗中得過高分，但是，正因為如此，他才會按常規(guī)思維。所以汽車修理工說：“因為你受過足夠的教育，我知道你不可能很滑頭?！眊oddamned表示褒義時，意思是“十分的，完全的”；表示貶義時，意思是“該死的，討厭的”。 2.(典型例題 Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning in

19、come from their land. This involves not only planting new kinds of crops, but some 1 ways of making money, the most unusual of which has got to be sheep racing. Yes,you heard me 2 ! A farmer now holds sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past year over 100 000 people have 3 to wa

20、tch the race. "I was passing the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday, "one punder(賽以經(jīng)紀人)told me,"and I thought I'd have a look. I didn't believe it was serious, to tell you the truth. "According to a regular visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on horses. "At proper horse r

21、aces everyone has already studied the form of the horse 4 ,and there are clear favourites. 5 nobody has heard anything about these 6 ! Most people find it difficult to tell one from another in any case." I stayed to watch the races, and must admit that I found it quite 7 ,In a usual shee

22、p race, half a dozen sheep race down hill over a course of about half a mile. Food is waiting for them at the other end of the 8 just to give them some encourage ment,I ought to add! The sheep run surprisingly fast, 9 they have probably not eaten for a while. Anyway, the crowd a- round me wer

23、e obviously enjoying their day out at the races, 10 by their happy faces and the sense of excitement. 1. A. common B. strange C. swift D. illegal 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：strange奇怪的。通常人們通過賽馬賺錢，而現(xiàn)在農(nóng)民通過“綿羊比賽”賺錢。這種賺錢的方式的確出奇。 2. A. honestly B. surprisingly C. completely D

24、. correctly 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：correctly正確地。這篇短文講述了農(nóng)民通過“綿羊比賽”賺錢，這是一件奇怪的事，作者為了強調(diào)自己說的是真事，用了Yes，you heard me correctly!這樣的句子。 3. A. showed off B. brought up C. turned up D. looked forward 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：turn叩來到，到達。在過去的一年里，有100 000人來觀看比賽。showoff炫耀，賣弄；hrightup(使車輛等)突然停下；lookforward期待。

25、 4. A. behind time B. in progress C. in advance D. in time 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：inadvance預(yù)先。在“賽馬”前，人們已經(jīng)預(yù)先對馬匹的情況進行了研究。behind time在原定的時間之后；in progress在進展中；in time及時。 5. A. But B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：分析這兩個簡單句可判斷出“在‘賽馬

26、’前，人們已經(jīng)預(yù)先對馬匹的情況進行了研究”，“與‘賽羊”前人們對參加比賽的羊一無所知”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 6. A. horses B. sheep C. races D. stories 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：比較上文人們對參加賽馬的馬匹進行研究可判斷出人們對參加賽羊的“羊”沒有任何研究。 7. A. exciting B. dangerous C. boring D. peculiar 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：exciting激動人心的。根據(jù)下文中Anyway，thecrowd around m

27、e were obviously enjoying their day out at the races．可判斷出作者認為這種比賽是激動人心的。dangerous危險的；boring無聊的；peculiar奇特的。 8. A. race B. hill C. track D. field 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：track跑道。參加“賽羊”的羊群不像參加“賽馬”的馬匹那樣便于駕馭，所以人們在跑道上放了一些食物，吸引羊群向前跑。race賽跑；hill小山；field田地。 9. A. if B. so C. yet

28、 D. although 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：although雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。比較run surprisingly fast和have probably not eaten for a while可判斷出它們之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 10. A. observing B. judging C. considering D. inferring 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：judgingby根據(jù)……判斷。根據(jù)他們高興的面孔和活動的情緒可判斷出我周圍的人都喜歡出來看 這場比賽。所給的三個干擾項中的非謂語動詞都表示主動，都指人們正在做的事，

29、容易被排除。 Ⅱ 題點經(jīng)典類型題 (典型例題) How could you fulfill (實現(xiàn)) your dream? Begin doing the work you love as soon as possible, 1 you don't get paid for it,or you can only work at it in your spare time. When Albert Einstein failed to get a job as a physics professor,he 2 have said to himself,"Now, I did

30、n't manage to have the work relative to 3 . I should give up on it and begin to settle for some other career." 4 , he worte the two well-known papers while 5 as a patent office worker. After that , there was not any major university in the world that would not have 6 him to work for

31、them as a professor. If you want to work as an artist while you are making a life as a(an) 7 ,don't think of yourselfas a waiter who 8 one day to become an artist. That will put the work you love somewhere 9 in the future. Rather, think yourself as an artist, 10 yourself by waiting the ta

32、bles ad paint or draw as much as you can. It is 11 to earn a living wage as a waiter working 20 hours a 12 . That will leave plenty of time to 13 to training or developing your craft(手藝)in the 14 hours. While seeking the work you love,you will find it 15 to expand your awareness (認識

33、) into the universe of all possibili- ties. You don't want to be 16 the ideas of what you should do or what you have done before. Having 17 to all possibili- ties, you can make a final 18 and select the work you love as your own. Doing the work you love requires that you should be 19 d

34、evoted to the imaglnanve and the 20 . That s to say It requires not only the ability to dream big dreams but also the a bility to face and master all the little details that make dreams come true. 1. A. because B. although C. even though D. now that 2. A. shouldn't B. could C. c

35、ouldn't D. must 3. A. science B. professor C. physics D. university 4. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. So 5. A. invited B. employed C. worked D. recognized 6. A. chosen B. hoped C. made D. wanted 7. A. waiter B. worker C. arti

36、st D. officer 8. A. decides B. supposes C. imagines D. hopes 9. A. far off B. close C. forward D. ahead 10. A. keeping B. supporting C. imagining D. caring 11. A. important B. impossible C. reasonable D. po

37、ssible 12. A. day B. week C. month D. year 13. A. spend B. kill C. pay D. devote 14. A. off B. working C. valuable D. extra 15. A. interesting B. easy C. diffcult D. helpful 16. A. worried about B. interested in C. limited to

38、 D. curious with 17. A. led B. opened C. shown D. stepped 18. A. decision B. plan 　　　　C. conclusion D. judge 19. A. honestly B. fully C. equally D. carefully 20. A. thoughtful B. possible

39、C. necessary D. practical 答案： 1．C“即使”，表示讓步，其他不符合題意。 2．B這里是虛擬語氣，意思是：既然愛因斯坦不能得到物理學(xué)教授的工作，他本來是可以對自己說放棄物理，從事其他的事情。而相反，他沒有放棄，卻寫出了兩篇著名的論文。 3．C根據(jù)上下文得知。 4．C表示相反，由后面的兩篇論文得知。 5．B 這里是非謂語動詞，表示“被雇用”；若用work，則用working． 6．D hope不能說成hopesb to do． 7．A本句的while表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以這里填waiter． 8．D hope和decide相

40、比，前者更合適，因為成為藝術(shù)家并非是“決定”的事情。 9．A 本句意思是：那會使你熱愛的工作在將來離你更遠。 10．B 靠做服務(wù)員來養(yǎng)活自己，而把時間用在繪畫上，這樣做是可行的。 11.D hispossibletodosth．表示可能性。reasonable則表示“有道理的”；important表示“重要的”，與題意不符。 12．B一周工作20小時比較合理。 13．D devoto．．．to(doing)ste“投身于……，致力于……”。 14．A用off表示工作之余的時間。 15．D 一邊工作，一邊重新認識世界，所以說，這樣尋找工作當(dāng)然是有幫助的了。 16．C 不

41、要讓自己的思想只局限于現(xiàn)在或過去從事的工作。 17．B opento面對、向……開放。 18．A makeadecision作出決定。 19．C 兩者同等重要。 20．D重視想象，也要重視實踐。 Ⅲ 新記考命題探究 Cloze 1 Most people often dream at night. In dreams we do things which we would never do when we're awake. Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar? Where do dreams come from? N

42、o one has produced a more 1 answer than a man called Sigmund Freud. When Freud was a child he cared about the 2 of others, so it isn't 3 that he became a doctor when he grew up. He learned all about the way in which the human body 4 . But he be came more and more 5 about the human

43、mind. At that time it seemed that no one knew very much about the 6 . If a person went mad, or "out of his mind", there was not much that could be done 7 it. In 1886 Freud began to work as a doctor in nerve (神經(jīng)) diseases. Most of the 8 who came to see him were women. They were over-exci

44、ted and anxious, 9 in mind rather than in body 10 did not help them. Freud was full of sympathy (同情) but he coulcl do 11 to make them better. Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer, told him about a girl he was 12 . The girl seemed to get 13 when she was allowed to talk about hers

45、elf. She told Dr Breuer every thing that 14 into her mind. And each time she talked to him she remembered more about her life as a little child. Freud was 15 when he heard this. He began to try to 16 his patients in the same way. He asked about the 17 of their early childhood. He hims

46、elf 18 very little. The doctor did not make any 19 to stop them. He quietly 20 whatever they told him, the good things and the bad. 1. A. doubtful B. satisfying C. correct D. mysterious 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：表示SigmundFreud的答案最令人滿意，比較級表達最高級概念。doubtful“令人生疑的”，mysterious

47、“神秘的”，不符合下文的邏輯：correct"正確的”，沒有比較級。 2. A. happiness B. conditions C. sufferings D. spirits 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：從下文SigmundFreud成為醫(yī)生看，他是關(guān)心人們的“疾苦”，故用sufferings．A．“幸?！辈缓项}意；a“狀況”太籠統(tǒng)；Cspirits當(dāng)“情緒”講，也不合題意。 3. A. wise B. reasonable C. right D. surprising

48、 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：從前面的敘述，因為SigmundFreud關(guān)心人們的“疾苦”，所以成為醫(yī)生是很自然的事情，即不令人吃驚。 4 A. works B. runs C. suffers D. forms 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：成為醫(yī)生以后，SigmundFreud了解了人類身體的一切機能。work當(dāng)動詞用，意為“運行”講。B項干擾性很大，run也可當(dāng)“運行”講，但多指“商業(yè)、機器”等的運行情況；C項suffer"遭受…折磨”；D項forms"構(gòu)成”，意思都太片面。 5. A. worried B. curious C. careful D.

49、 thoughtful 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：由前面的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but以及后文Sigmund Freud成為精神病醫(yī)生這點分析，可知此處是指他后來成為精神病醫(yī)生的原因，對人的精神方面感到“好奇”。A項“擔(dān)心"、C項“細心”、D項“周到的、體貼的”顯然都不符合題意。 6. A. body B. patients C. diseases D. mind 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：此處指當(dāng)時人們對“精神”方面理解得不多，為Sigmund　Freu成為精神病研究方面的先驅(qū)做好鋪墊。A項“身體”不合邏輯；B項“病人”和C項“疾病”都太籠統(tǒng)。 7. A. with B. about

50、 C. for D. on 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：doabout．．．意為“對…采取措施”。此處指當(dāng)時人們對精神病人幾乎無能為力。do with意為“處置、處理”，后面多搭配表示“物”的名詞；do for表示“為…做”；on不搭配。 8. A. patients B. nurses C. workers D. assistants ＊＊A 指導(dǎo)：因為SigmundFreud是精神病醫(yī)生，所以此處只能是指他的“病人”。其他三個選項“護土”、“助手”和"212人”都不符合邏輯。 9. A. angry B. sound C. sick

51、 D. mistaken 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：從前面的“興奮過度”和“焦慮”可以斷定，此處指的是精神病人，故用sick in mind"精神有病”。angry，sound“良好的”都不合題意，mistaken"錯誤的”，干擾性較大，但多指人們行為、判斷等方面的“錯誤”。此處另外一個正確說法是wrong in mind或out of mindo 10. A. Freud B. Medicine C. Doctors D. Hospitals 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：此處指給這些精神病人用“藥”不起作用。此處不能理解為“醫(yī)生”和“醫(yī)院”不幫助這些精神病人，而是“醫(yī)生

52、”等不知道怎樣去治療他們。 11. A. much B. more C. little D. something 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：從前面Sigmund Freud對精神病人充滿“同情”以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞but判斷，一開始他也幾乎對精神病人無能為力。故用little表示否定。通過前后文的邏輯關(guān)系，可以排除其他選項。 12. A. looking for B. caring about C. looking after D. dealing with 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：前面提到，Sigmund Freud的朋友也是醫(yī)生，故只有“

53、照料”合乎邏輯。look for不合題意；care about"關(guān)心”表達不準確；deal with"對付”，不符合醫(yī)生的身份。 13. A. worse B. crazy C. happier D. better 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：從后文Sigmund Freud醫(yī)生也采取“談話”療法看，此處醫(yī)生讓病人談話應(yīng)該是起了作用，因此狀況有了改觀，即變得“更好”。通過上下文的這一邏輯關(guān)系，可以有效排除其他選項。happier"更幸福的”，說明原來很幸福，指精神病人顯然不符合邏輯。 14. A came B. occurred C.

54、poured D. happened 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：comeinto／to one'smind是固定用法，意為“出現(xiàn)在某人腦海中”。這種固定搭配在高考中也有考查，牢記搭配就能有效排除其他選項。 15. A. excited B. surprised C. ashamed D. moved 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：聽到朋友的介紹，SigmundFreud醫(yī)生受到啟發(fā)，應(yīng)該會很“興奮”。B項surprised"吃驚的”，C項ashamed“羞愧的”顯然不合邏輯；D項moved"被感動的”用在此處語境中也不確切。 16. A. cheat B.

55、comfort C. cure D. calm 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：SigmundFreud醫(yī)生開始用“談話”療法治療精神病人。A項cheat“欺騙”顯然不合邏輯；B項comfort"安慰”和D項calm"使……鎮(zhèn)定”都有片面性。 17. A. memoriesB, events C. dreams D. friends 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：Sigmund Freud醫(yī)生讓病人談?wù)撍齻儍簳r的“事情”。events當(dāng)“事件、大事件”講。memories"記憶”與前面的talk about不搭配；dreams"夢想”太片面；friends也是太片面。 18.

56、 A. did B. said C. thought D. acted 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：此處指Sigmund Freud醫(yī)生總是在耐心傾聽，而自己說得很少。把握特定的語境可以排除其他選項。 19. A. attempt B. plan C. sign D. movement 答案：A make at tempt是固定搭配，當(dāng)“試圖、努力”講，此處表示Sigmund Freud醫(yī)生不去試圖阻止病人談話。把握好了題意，可以排除其他選項，不是做“手勢”，更不是指定“計劃”或不“運動”。 20. A. heard B. admitted C. noticed D. accepted 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：承接上文的邏輯，Sigmund Freud醫(yī)生僅僅傾聽精神病人的談話，即“接受”他們的談話內(nèi)容。hear僅僅是“聽到”；admit是“承認”錯誤等；notice"注意到”指的是眼睛的動作。