BEC高級(jí)寫作實(shí)用技巧以及真題范文.doc

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(3)上升(by..to…)，增加，提高： a. 普通：increase, grow, rise, expand b. 漸漸上升：climb, edge up, ascend, trend up. c. 猛增，激增：jump, surge, soar, proliferate (數(shù)量), leap, shot up d. 詞組： achieve an increase in….by…to… Continue its upwards trend; trend up On the rise, on the increase. On consecutive rise: 保持連續(xù)增長(zhǎng) n. 名詞： increase, rise, growth, expansion, ascendance漸漸增加, slight increase, rise, growth in.. bump-up(突然增加), proliferation(激增),jump, leap, surge, boom (4)減少，下降，減緩 a. 普通：decrease, fall, drop, reduce, shrink, (shrinkage) b. 逐漸變少：slide, dwindle, decline, edge down c. 驟減：collapse, slump, plummet, plunge d. 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，停頓：slump, collapse, stagnate, stagnant, stagnation, sluggish, sluggishness, slack, crisis, recession, slowdown, downturn, e. 詞組： fall off, drop off, go down, continue its downward trend, trend down, on the decline, on the downturn. (5) 保持平穩(wěn)，不變： Remain stable,/steady,/unchanged Level off vi 上升，或減退至平穩(wěn)水平 Subside vi 減退至平穩(wěn)水平 standstill n/adj 停滯不前 (6) 起伏波動(dòng)： Rise and fall, fluctuate slightly/dramatically, fluctuate between….and…, a minor fluctuation, small rises and falls/fluctuations. 1 (7)形容趨勢(shì)程度 a. 劇烈，顯著，明顯 Dramatically, sharply, considerably, rapidly, suddenly, greatly, alarmingly, significantly, enormously, steeply, massively, incredibly, hugely, amazingly, substantially; at an alarming rate; by a wide margin. b. 緩慢/逐漸 Gradually, steadily, slightly, gently, marginally, slowly, moderately, in a moderate way, by the least amount. (8)表示倍數(shù)： a. (使)增幾倍于： double, triple, quadruple【’kw?drupl】， b. adv.adj 幾倍的，幾倍地：fivefold, sixfold, sevenfold…. c. ad. 幾倍： twice, three/four/five times…. e. 幾分之幾： 2/3： two-thirds, etc. (at a fraction of…) (9) 比較數(shù)據(jù)as…as… a. three/four times as many. 做主語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)成分 Eg. approx.20% more people preferred the diet cherry version and nearly three times as many preferred the diet strawberry version. b.―A + be + XX times + as +adj + as + B‖。 eg. This tree is three times as tall as that one. Eg. His father is twice as old as he. c.―A + be + XXtimes + 計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B ‖ eg. The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. =The Yangtze River is almost three times as long as Pearl River. Eg. The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. d. .―A + be + 倍數(shù) + the + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + B ‖ eg. The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。 e.―The + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + A + be + 倍數(shù) + that + of + B ‖ eg. The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. (10) 從不同方面分析數(shù)據(jù); in view of the turnover…., In terms of growth,…就營(yíng)業(yè)額 方面來(lái)說(shuō)。。。，就增長(zhǎng)方面來(lái)說(shuō)； 2. 描述時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段 （1）時(shí)期泛指 :over the period XXX to XXX, over the years XXX to XXX, from XX to xx; over/during the past XX years; in the last XX years(最近X年)， over the last 15 to 20 years. in the next XX years, during a XX-year/month/week period, throughout.., all the way through, for the year..XXX. (2) 時(shí)期特指：during the same period, over the period in question, over/during the period studied, for the rest of the periods studied, in the two subsequent periods, in the following period, all the way through, (3)連續(xù)下降/上升的某個(gè)時(shí)期：it is the second/third/fourth consecutive quarter/year/month/week that XXX has fallen (4) 時(shí)間點(diǎn): until, by the year XXX, since, from the year XXX, up to now, at a 2 given moment, over the period ended on xx/ended in XX (5)年代：during the 1980s; during the 70s and 80s., 3. 開(kāi)頭： this graph/report describes/outlines/shows/compare… with…/suggests, 4. 總趨勢(shì)句型 (1)If we look at the growth in…, we can see there is a steady increase in XX from.. to…/a rise in XX of XXX… (2)from the graph, we can see there is…./ if we taking the XX first, we can see that there is … (3)XX was on consecutive growth on the whole over the period in question (except… ) (4)XX shows a relatively steady/upward/downward trend in the last XX years. (5)XX shows a trajectory of growth/fall…. (6)xx, on the other hand, shows a different trend. (7)XXX has been growing consistently with XX in the past XX years. (8)XXX witnessed/saw some rise and fall/fluctuations over the period… (9)during the same period, XX also rose, but fluctuated greatly. (10)XX didn‘t vary much and remained just over/below xx Or between..and.. (11)XX shows the same performance/trend although at level 4bn higher than imports. 5. 增長(zhǎng)幅度、增長(zhǎng)額 (1).., there is a rise in XX of XX/by xx%/from..to… (2)The figure shows a rise of XX within the whole period and no fluctuations are to be remarked. (3)XX rose from…to…, suffering minor fluctuations all the way through. (4)XX increased slightly/rose steadily. etc , ending the period around XX over their starting level. 6. 最大漲/跌幅，最高點(diǎn)，最低點(diǎn) (1) XXX with the biggest increase/decrease coming between…and…, (2) It went up to the (7-year etc.) peak at….in…. / (3) The XXX peaked at.. in…./reached/hit a peak in …./peaking at… (4) The XX rose to the highest, climbed to a seven-month high, (price etc.)advanced to a record $1000 on…., (5)the XX rose/surge/climb to XXX, the highest since…. (6)驟升shot-up, surge, rocket, upsurge, uplift, proliferation soar, boom 驟降：slump, plunge, plummet(vi), nose-dive vi 5. 起始點(diǎn) (1)starting off at…./from, sales will increase to.. during…, and remain stable at during…, only to decrease to… during. (2)During XXX, it started around XX in the first quarter… 6. 典型數(shù)據(jù)/區(qū)間 (1)Profits will shop up dramatically to 2,000 in 2004, from which it will go up steadily from year to year… (2)It will go down to the lowest at …in … where it will begin to pick up/rebound/ (3)From 1985 to 1997, XXX were between XX and XXX. 3 (4)After… the XX increased/decreased significantly. (5)the xxx rose up steadily until…. (6)however, there are some fluctuations to this general/within this general trend, for example…. 7. 描寫fluctuations (1)from/starting off at…, XXX increased to.. during.. and remain stable at.. during.., only to decrease to.. during… (2)XXX increased/soared from xx to XXX in… followed by a sharp drop to…in… (3)soar again, fall back to, drop back to…and then maintained this position throughout …. (4)it started around XX in xx, increased slowly to XX in.., and then fell to XXat the end of the year. (5)It stayed stable at around XX during xxx and xxx, then decreased to XXX in…,before recovering at/to XXX at the end of … 8. 對(duì)比，比例的描寫 (1)倍數(shù)關(guān)系描寫（見(jiàn)1）; (2)分?jǐn)?shù)關(guān)系：one/a fifth of, 8 out of 10, at a fraction of… (3)組成：consist of, be made up of…, be composed of… (4)比例： account for.., represent, take up.., (5)對(duì)比：compared to, in comparison with…, relative to…, the ratio is…. Eg. Female executives dominate in the age group between 24 and 39, where the ratio is 42 to 10. (The first representing the number of women and latter, men ). Eg. It decreases half in group 60 to 69 where 10 women hold top position in comparison to/with 21 men. Eg. The graphs shows the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to 2020 relative to the growth of the world‘s population. 9. 大小的比較 (1)差：spread(差價(jià)), margin, split, difference, 差額為正/負(fù)：xxx remained positive/negative (2)占多數(shù)，a. XXX dominate in the XX group/amongst…. b. In the age range above…, XXX are in /sliding / majority. (3)超過(guò): a. XXX exceeded/outstrippedXXX but not by the same margin, b. XXX exceeded XX by XX percent, outnumber xxx by XXX. c. exceed XX-level. With the earnings exceeding XXX. (4) 比例相等：a. an equal number of both…and… b. XXX take an equal proportion in …. (5) 從小到大描述數(shù)據(jù)：followed by Eg. 44% of our sales income came from US, followed by Europe(26%), and south America(19%) (6)排序的描寫： ranked No.1/2; The second /third largest…; be in the first/second/third place. 10. 表示預(yù)測(cè)的句子; be likely to…/is expected to…./is supposed to…/is estimated to../is projected to…/will/will be 11. 敘述受訪者態(tài)度 4 (1)XXX received XX positive responses and XX negative responses.. (2) XX people gave a positive response/comment on.. (3)Asked about…., XX people responded positively/negatively whereas XX people say sth negative about it. (4) XX of xx respondents complained about….while XX though it positively, /thought it to be satisfactory 12. Distribution (1) xx%, more than half XX, XX out of XX… (2) the respondents are almost equally divided between XXX and XX(different stances) (3)XX and xxx take a similar proportion in XX group/range 13. data and compare的中心句 (1)The company employs almost an equal number of executives of both sexes. However, there are remarkable differences depending on the age range considered. (2)The overall result of this international survey on planned IT expenditure for the next year shows significant differences between Europe and Aisa. (3)The situation in XX, however, is quite different. (4)however, the XX vary greatly on the XX… 5 I Data and Change 1. 此類報(bào)告有兩個(gè)目的，呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)，描寫變化趨勢(shì)，自己的主觀發(fā)揮較少或者沒(méi)有發(fā)揮。 不要發(fā)揮圖表里不存在的參考范文； Report on Sales Forecasts for Toller Electrical Ltd The aim of this report is to compare the sales forecasts for three product areas for next year. Unit sales of fridges are likely to remain at 5,000 during all four quarters of next year. TV sales, on the other hand, will significantly increase during the second quarter from 10,000 to 15,000. Unit sales will remain at 15,000 during the third quarter and soar once again to 20,000 during the fourth quarter. Unit sales of cookers, however, are likely to fluctuate, starting off at 5,000, sales will increase to 10,000 during the second and third quarter of next year, only to decrease to 5,000 unit sales during the fourth quarter. It was concluded that TVs will be Toller Electrical Ltd‘s strongest product area in the following year. 6 NOTE; 注意表示預(yù)測(cè)的句型 2. 產(chǎn)量與價(jià)格變化---關(guān)聯(lián)性數(shù)據(jù) 重點(diǎn)：changes in production and prices. Report On Wheat Production and Prices This report summarizes the changes in production and prices over a ten-year period from 1990 to 2000. From the chart we can see there was a steady growth in wheat production over the given period. Starting off at around 0.8 million tones in 1990, the yearly output rose to almost 1.5 million tones five years later, and exceeded 2-million-tonne level in 2000. The average price of wheat, on the other hand, fluctuated a bit over the same period. From around 1300 per tone in 1990, it shot up quickly in 1995, peaking at around 3000 per tone. However it dropped back to around 2000 per tone in 2000. To conclude, it shows that the total output of wheat is not the sole factor deciding the trend of price. 特點(diǎn)：柱狀圖，趨勢(shì)明顯，數(shù)據(jù)少。比較簡(jiǎn)單。 3. 客戶投訴與列車準(zhǔn)時(shí)率與可靠性---關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù) 準(zhǔn)時(shí)率、可靠性與顧客投訴。 數(shù)據(jù)不多，可考慮逐年描寫。 Report; XX train operator This report summarizes the changes that took place in reliability, punctuality and the number of complaints received during a 12-week period, which was divided further into three sub-periods. From the graph we can see about 97% of the timetabled trains were running during the first four weeks. The percentage rose to 100% from the fifth week onwards and remained stable for the rest of the periods studied. Conversely, the punctuality percentage was declining consecutively over the given period. From 95% at the outset, it edged down in the two subsequent periods and hit the lowest at around 90% in the last three weeks. The number of complaints per 100,000 passenger journeys remained stable at 200 in the first four weeks and even dropped slightly in the following period, probably owing to the rise of reliability. However, during the last 4 weeks, it went up again to an all time high at around 225. To conclude, it is clear the punctuality has significant influence on the number of complaints received. NOTE; 注意描寫區(qū)間的詞 For the rest of the periods studied/in question In the two subsequent periods In the following period. 7 4. 乘客收益與準(zhǔn)時(shí)率---關(guān)聯(lián)性數(shù)據(jù) 典型數(shù)據(jù)：revenue peak: 2n of 2006, on-time 驟降：2-3 quarters Report on passenger revenue and on-time rate of trains of Cruiseline This graph describes changes of the passenger revenue and the on-time percentage of trains of Cuiseline over the period 2005 to 2006. From the graph we can see the on-time percentage of trains remained relatively stale between 85% and 90% before the second quarter of 2006. Over the same period, the passenger revenue was on consecutive rise on the whole except a slight drop in the last quarter of 2005. Starting off at about 280 m, it climbed to a peak at 330 million by the second quarter of 2006. However, as the on-time rate nose-dived precipitately to around 70% in the third quarter in 2006, the revenue dropped consistently from 330 m to 65 m, the largest decrease over the period in question. Although the punctuality rate rebounded gradually to 75% later, the revenue still kept declining and reached its two-year lowest at 65 m at the end of 2006. It is concluded that the punctuality of trains has a significant effect on the passenger revenue. Band 4 sample Report: Cruseline train company The graph shows the passenger revenue and the percentage of trains arriving on time during the years 2005 and 2006 of Cruseline train company. Regarding the passenger revenue, during 2005 it started around 280 million in the first quarter, increased slowly to 300 million in the 3rd quarter and then fell to around 290 million at the end of the year. In 2006, the revenue increased steadily to 330 during the 2nd quarter followed by a sharp fall to around 225 at the end of 2006. The percentage of trains arriving on time stayed stable at around 88% during the 1st and 2nd quarter in 2005, then decreased to 85% in the 3rd quarter before recovering at round 87% at the end of 2005. Till the 2nd quarter in 2006 the percentage decreased steadily to 85% before falling rapidly to 68% and recovering to 75% at the end of 2006. 5. 供求關(guān)系-bar chart and line chart---關(guān)聯(lián)性數(shù)據(jù) Main point—relationship of supply and demand 橫坐標(biāo)—year 豎坐標(biāo)， demand, and stock… Report On supply and demand for palm oil over the period 1985 to 2006. This graph compares the amount of palm oil held in world stock over the years 1985 to 2006 with the demand. From the graph we can see the total demand for palm oil was on consecutive rise on the whole over the period in question except a marginal fall during 98/99. Starting from 7.5 million tons in 1985, it grew significantly to 33 million tons during 05/06 period. The ending stocks, on the other hand, witnessed a number of fluctuations over the 8 past twenty years when the supply outstripped the demand at all times with the largest margin coming between 2000 to 2001 at 3,000 tons. Then the difference kept decreasing year by year until the supply and demand growth curve finally overlapped from 2003. It can be concluded that the palm oil supply outstripped the supply throughout the period in question but showed a tendency to grow consistently with each other after some rise and fall in between. . NOTE: ending stock, 即每一年的年終庫(kù)存結(jié)余。由此可知，整體來(lái)說(shuō)是供大于求的，因?yàn)槊磕甑膃nding stock高于supply， 供求差異與00/01年間達(dá)到最高峰，之后逐年縮小，從03年開(kāi)始達(dá)到供求平衡。 參考范文； NOTE：注意找出圖表變化的分水嶺，對(duì)于ending stock，85—99是一個(gè)階段，ending stock一直相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，在1700以下，但是99年以后開(kāi)始大幅增長(zhǎng)，到01/01年間增至頂峰，之后逐年下落，最終于demand重合。 6. 車輛保有量與人口增長(zhǎng) bar chart and line chart introduction The graph shows that the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to 2020, relative to/相對(duì)于/ the growth of the world‘s population. Growth in population