2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第6章 副詞的用法.doc
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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第6章 副詞的用法用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞稱為副詞。副詞可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念,多作狀語(yǔ),可用作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。副詞也有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。對(duì)于副詞的考查多集中在三個(gè)方面:1.副詞的比較等級(jí);2.近義副詞詞義辨析;3. 副詞與形容詞的區(qū)別使用。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要掌握副詞比較等級(jí)的各種變化形式,同時(shí)分清近義副詞的用法近義副詞的用法。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識(shí)點(diǎn)1副詞的分類知識(shí)點(diǎn)2副詞的構(gòu)成知識(shí)點(diǎn)3副詞的句法功能知識(shí)點(diǎn)4副詞的位置及順序知識(shí)點(diǎn)5副詞的比較等級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)6常見副詞的用法知識(shí)詳單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1副詞的分類分類用法例詞時(shí)間副詞表示時(shí)間now現(xiàn)在;today今天;soon很快;ago以前地點(diǎn)副詞表示地點(diǎn)there那里;here這里;out在外邊;up在上邊方式副詞描述動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式slowly緩慢地;quickly迅速地;carefully細(xì)心地程度副詞描述行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的程度too太;really的確;quite相當(dāng);little很少地頻度副詞表示一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)always總是;often經(jīng)常;sometimes有時(shí)疑問副詞(詞組)用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句why為什么;where在哪里;when什么時(shí)候;how long多長(zhǎng);how much多少錢關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句where的地方;when的時(shí)候;why的原因知識(shí)點(diǎn)2副詞的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例詞與形容詞同形early早(期)地;hard努力地;late遲,晚;high高高地形容詞后直接加lyquickquickly迅速地;slowslowly緩慢地;carefulcarefully細(xì)心地;beautifulbeautifully漂亮地以y結(jié)尾的形容詞,把y改為i,再加lyluckyluckily幸運(yùn)地;easyeasily容易地;happyhappily快樂地;busybusily繁忙地元音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加lytruetruly真實(shí)地以le結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加ypossiblepossibly可能地;fortablefortably舒服地其他形式的副詞often經(jīng)常;too太;very非常知識(shí)點(diǎn)3副詞的句法功能成分說明例句作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞He works very hard on his subject.他努力攻克自己的課題。修飾形容詞Its quite impossible for her to do it.她不可能做這件事。修飾其他副詞She speaks English very beautifully.她英語(yǔ)說得很好。修飾整個(gè)句子Luckily,she had got another chance.很幸運(yùn),她得到了另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。作表語(yǔ)主要指主語(yǔ)的方向、方位、動(dòng)作情況The light is on. 燈亮著。When will you be back?你將何時(shí)回來?作定語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞,可以作定語(yǔ),一般要后置The building there looks very grand.那座樓房看起來很壯觀。The rades here are all very kind to me.這兒的同志對(duì)我都非常友善。作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主要說明賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)所處的位置、狀態(tài)Did you see anybody in?你看到里面有人嗎?Children should be kept away from the river.不要讓孩子們靠近這條河。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4副詞的位置及順序說明例句幾個(gè)不同副詞并列作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序比較靈活,在句末一般順序?yàn)?方式副詞地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)間副詞。Ive seen him somewhere before.我以前在哪兒見過他。John drove his car quickly on the road yesterday afternoon.昨天下午,約翰在路上把小汽車開得很快。頻度副詞(always, often, never等)常放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。I have never seen a man more hard-working than him.我從未見過比他更勤奮的人。We must always keep our teeth clean.我們必須始終保持牙齒清潔。修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞常常位于句首。Fortunately,the rain stopped before we started.幸運(yùn)的是,在我們動(dòng)身前雨停了。Honestly, I know nothing about this project.說實(shí)話,我對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目一無所知。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),常位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后、及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)之后。The nurse looks after the babies carefully.護(hù)士仔細(xì)照看嬰兒。When we have trouble, she always helps us patiently.當(dāng)我們遇到困難時(shí),她總是耐心地幫助我們。副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常放在形容詞或副詞的前面。These flowers are quite beautiful.這些花很漂亮。Its rather difficult to tell who is right.很難判斷誰(shuí)是對(duì)的。方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接;well , badly,hard等方式副詞常常放在句尾。Please write slowly and carefully請(qǐng)寫得慢一些,仔細(xì)一些。Our teacher always encourages us to speak English bravely.我們老師總是鼓勵(lì)我們大膽地說英語(yǔ)。時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞:小在前,大在后。I go to work at seven oclock in the morning every day.我每天早上7點(diǎn)去上班。I met him at a bar in a small town in New York我在紐約的一座小鎮(zhèn)的酒吧里遇到了他?!疽族e(cuò)警示】enough作為形容詞,修飾名詞時(shí),放在名詞前后均可;作為副詞,修飾形容詞或者副詞時(shí),必須后置。例如:I have enough money (money enough) to buy these books我有足夠多的錢來買這些書。The little boy isnt old enough to dress himself.這男孩太小,還不能自已穿衣服。知識(shí)點(diǎn)5副詞的比較等級(jí)1.副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbetterbestbadlyworstmuchmostlittleleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest【溫馨提示】副詞的比較和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化和形容詞相同2.副詞比較等級(jí)的用法分類用法例句原級(jí)的用法as+原級(jí)副詞+as,表示前后兩者情況一樣You walk as fast as he does.你和他走路一樣快。I enjoy music as much as Betty does.我和貝蒂一樣喜歡音樂。not as/so+原級(jí)副詞+as,表示前者不如后者speak half as (so) well as you.我講得不及你的一type as (so) fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。比較級(jí)的用法比較級(jí)+than,用于表達(dá)一方超過或低于另一方的情況He works less than he used to.他工作的時(shí)間比以前少了。I can run faster and farther than Tom.我能跑得比湯姆快,而且比湯姆跑得遠(yuǎn)。比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),用于表示情況“越來越”The wind is blowing harder and harder.風(fēng)越刮越大。Lucy plays the violin more and more beautifully.露西小提琴拉得越來越好。比較級(jí)的用法the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí),表示一方的程度隨著另一方程度的增長(zhǎng)而增長(zhǎng),意為“越,就越”The better I knew him, the more I liked him.我越了解他就越喜歡他。The more you talk to the children,the less they will listen.你對(duì)孩子們談得越多,他們聽進(jìn)去的就越少。【知識(shí)拓展】1.如果用于兩者之間的比較,“no+比較級(jí)+than.”意為“都不”,是對(duì)兩者的共同否定,且側(cè)重前者,而“not+比較級(jí)+than”意為“不及”,表示前者不及后者,隱含對(duì)兩者的肯定,但側(cè)重后者。例如:John speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother喬茜漢語(yǔ)說得和她弟弟一樣都不流利。I run not faster than anyone else in my class我不比班里的其他人跑得快。2.有時(shí)為了對(duì)比較級(jí)進(jìn)行突出和強(qiáng)調(diào),在其前和其后加上修飾語(yǔ),以使比較更突出和鮮明。常見的比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ):even甚至,更;still更;much更;a little有點(diǎn);a lot很;a great deal大大地;by far大大地;等等。例如:Could you please speak a little more slowly so I can follow you?你能否說得再慢一點(diǎn),以便我能聽懂?Jerry French a lot better than before.杰瑞法語(yǔ)說得比以前好多了。最高級(jí)的用法the+副詞最高級(jí)+表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句結(jié)構(gòu),表示在三者或三者以上的范圍中程度(最高)Of all the teachers,he teaches the best. 所有老師中,他教得最好。Of all the subjects,I like art ( the) best。在所有課程中,我最喜歡美術(shù)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)6常見副詞的用法副詞用法例句very意為“非常”,修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)The elephant is very big這頭大象非常大。too,also,either意為“也”, too一般用于肯定句,常放在句末;either一般用于否定句.常放在句末;also一般用于肯定句中,常放在系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞后,行為動(dòng)詞前Nice to meet you,too.見到你我也很高興。I am not a teacher either.我也不是一個(gè)老師。You are also my friend.你也是我的朋友。You also want to go with him.你也想和他一起去。ago,before意為“之前,以前”, ago是以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn),指“距今若干時(shí)間以前”,不能單獨(dú)使用,應(yīng)用“一段時(shí)間+ago,通常與過去時(shí)態(tài)連用;before指從過去某一時(shí)刻算起的時(shí)間以前,通常與過去完成時(shí)連用,單獨(dú)使用時(shí),泛指以前,常常和完成時(shí)態(tài)連用I met our teacher an hour ago.一小時(shí)以前我遇見了我們的老師。He said he had finished the work two days before.他說他兩天前完成了這項(xiàng)工作。I have seen the film before.我以前看過這部電影。such,sosuch意為“如此”,SO跟形容詞或副詞,such跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ);much, little(少的)用such名詞前有many, few時(shí)用so,不用much修飾I have so many toys in my house.我的房間里有如此多的玩具。Did you ever see such weather?你曾經(jīng)見過這樣的天氣嗎?hard,hardlyhard作副詞時(shí),意為“努力”,作形容詞時(shí),意為“困難的,硬的”; hardly是副詞,意為“幾乎不”He studies hard.他學(xué)習(xí)努力。He hardly studies.他幾乎不學(xué)習(xí)。already,yet意為“已經(jīng)”, already用于肯完成時(shí)連用;yet用于否定句。Ive already seen the film.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。Have you found your book yet?你已經(jīng)找到你的書了嗎?before long,long beforebefore long不久以后;long before很久以前” Long before,there was a big museum.很久以前,那里有個(gè)大的博物館。We will see the film before long.我們不久會(huì)看這部電影。too much,much tootoo much的中心詞是much,用法與much相同,用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞;much too的中心詞是too,用法與too相同,用來修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)We both have too much work to do.我們倆都有很多工作要做。He eats too much food,so he is much too fat他吃了太多的食物,因此他太胖了。sometime,sometimes,some time,some timessometime。意為“有時(shí)候”,多用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);sometime意為“在某一時(shí)候(過去或?qū)?”,表示的是任何時(shí)候或某一不確定的時(shí)間;some time意為“一段時(shí)間”,常作賓語(yǔ);some times是名詞短語(yǔ),意為“幾次(倍)”Sometimes I watch TV with my parents. 我有時(shí)候和父母一起看電視。New students will e to school sometime next week.新學(xué)生下周的某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)來學(xué)校。She will stay in Xian for some time. 她將在西安待一段時(shí)間。Ive been to New York some time.我去過紐約幾次??键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1考查副詞詞義辨析1. (黔南中考)-Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult? -Yes, I could _ work it out. A. easily B. hardly C. finally D. nearly 【解析】選B。問句問數(shù)學(xué)題是否很難,答語(yǔ)回答是的,故應(yīng)為“幾乎做不出來”,用hardly,2.(安順中考)-Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school. -Is that true? He has_ told me about it.A ever B. even C. already D. never 【解析】選D,答話人表示驚訝,說明沒有聽說過這件事.故用never,3.(咸寧中考)一As we know its difficult to live in a foreign country. 一一if you cant understand the language there. A. Exactly B. Naturally C. Usually D. Especially 【解析】選D。句意為:尤其是如果你不明白那里的語(yǔ)言時(shí)。故選D4.(昆明中考)Teenagers should be encouraged to go_ and be close to nature. A. inside B. back C. outside D. off 【解析】選C。空后為“親近自然”,故應(yīng)該是到戶外去,用outside,5.(天津中考)We dont want to speak badly or_ in front of the class. A.clearly B. carefully C. carelessly D. properly 【解析】選C, badly與空白處為同類詞匯,都為貶義詞,故應(yīng)用carelessly,6.(宿遷中考)Sandy likes traveling. She_ stays at home during holidays. A. seldom B. usually C. always D. often 【解析】選A。第一句表示桑迪喜歡旅游,第二句表示她假期墓本上不在家待,故用seldom.考點(diǎn)2考查副詞的比較等級(jí)7.(咸寧中考)-What do you think of her teaching English? -Great! No one teaches_ in our school. A. good B. worse C. better D. best 【解析】選C。句意為:很棒!在我們學(xué)校沒有人比她教得好。No one與her是二者相比較,用比較等級(jí),此處是用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)含義。故選C,8.(北京中考)-Which season do you like_ , winter or summer? -Summer. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 【解析】選B, 選擇疑問句,是二者的比較。故選B.9.(重慶中考)Lin Fang es home _ than before this term. She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon. A. early B. earlier C. late D. later 【解析】選B,句中有than出現(xiàn),且為之前和這學(xué)期兩者相比較,故用比較級(jí),由后句可知是回家早。- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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