2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第6章 副詞的用法.doc
2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第6章 副詞的用法用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞稱為副詞。副詞可表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念,多作狀語,可用作定語和表語。副詞也有原級、比較級和最高級。對于副詞的考查多集中在三個方面:1.副詞的比較等級;2.近義副詞詞義辨析;3. 副詞與形容詞的區(qū)別使用。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要掌握副詞比較等級的各種變化形式,同時分清近義副詞的用法近義副詞的用法。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識點1副詞的分類知識點2副詞的構(gòu)成知識點3副詞的句法功能知識點4副詞的位置及順序知識點5副詞的比較等級知識點6常見副詞的用法知識詳單知識點1副詞的分類分類用法例詞時間副詞表示時間now現(xiàn)在;today今天;soon很快;ago以前地點副詞表示地點there那里;here這里;out在外邊;up在上邊方式副詞描述動作發(fā)生的方式slowly緩慢地;quickly迅速地;carefully細(xì)心地程度副詞描述行為、動作或狀態(tài)的程度too太;really的確;quite相當(dāng);little很少地頻度副詞表示一定時間內(nèi)動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)always總是;often經(jīng)常;sometimes有時疑問副詞(詞組)用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句why為什么;where在哪里;when什么時候;how long多長;how much多少錢關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句where的地方;when的時候;why"""的原因知識點2副詞的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例詞與形容詞同形early早(期)地;hard努力地;late遲,晚;high高高地形容詞后直接加lyquickquickly迅速地;slowslowly緩慢地;carefulcarefully細(xì)心地;beautifulbeautifully漂亮地以y結(jié)尾的形容詞,把y改為i,再加lyluckyluckily幸運地;easyeasily容易地;happyhappily快樂地;busybusily繁忙地元音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加lytruetruly真實地以le結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加ypossiblepossibly可能地;fortablefortably舒服地其他形式的副詞often經(jīng)常;too太;very非常知識點3副詞的句法功能成分說明例句作狀語修飾動詞He works very hard on his subject.他努力攻克自己的課題。修飾形容詞Its quite impossible for her to do it.她不可能做這件事。修飾其他副詞She speaks English very beautifully.她英語說得很好。修飾整個句子Luckily,she had got another chance.很幸運,她得到了另一個機會。作表語主要指主語的方向、方位、動作情況The light is on. 燈亮著。When will you be back?你將何時回來?作定語表示時間或地點的副詞,可以作定語,一般要后置The building there looks very grand.那座樓房看起來很壯觀。The rades here are all very kind to me.這兒的同志對我都非常友善。作補語主要說明賓語或主語所處的位置、狀態(tài)Did you see anybody in?你看到里面有人嗎?Children should be kept away from the river.不要讓孩子們靠近這條河。知識點4副詞的位置及順序說明例句幾個不同副詞并列作狀語時,其順序比較靈活,在句末一般順序為:方式副詞地點副詞時間副詞。Ive seen him somewhere before.我以前在哪兒見過他。John drove his car quickly on the road yesterday afternoon.昨天下午,約翰在路上把小汽車開得很快。頻度副詞(always, often, never等)常放在實義動詞之前,be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。I have never seen a man more hard-working than him.我從未見過比他更勤奮的人。We must always keep our teeth clean.我們必須始終保持牙齒清潔。修飾整個句子的副詞常常位于句首。Fortunately,the rain stopped before we started.幸運的是,在我們動身前雨停了。Honestly, I know nothing about this project.說實話,我對這個項目一無所知。副詞修飾動詞時,常位于不及物動詞之后、及物動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語之后。The nurse looks after the babies carefully.護士仔細(xì)照看嬰兒。When we have trouble, she always helps us patiently.當(dāng)我們遇到困難時,她總是耐心地幫助我們。副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時,通常放在形容詞或副詞的前面。These flowers are quite beautiful.這些花很漂亮。Its rather difficult to tell who is right.很難判斷誰是對的。方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接;well , badly,hard等方式副詞常常放在句尾。Please write slowly and carefully請寫得慢一些,仔細(xì)一些。Our teacher always encourages us to speak English bravely.我們老師總是鼓勵我們大膽地說英語。時間副詞和地點副詞:小在前,大在后。I go to work at seven oclock in the morning every day.我每天早上7點去上班。I met him at a bar in a small town in New York我在紐約的一座小鎮(zhèn)的酒吧里遇到了他?!疽族e警示】enough作為形容詞,修飾名詞時,放在名詞前后均可;作為副詞,修飾形容詞或者副詞時,必須后置。例如:I have enough money (money enough) to buy these books我有足夠多的錢來買這些書。The little boy isnt old enough to dress himself.這男孩太小,還不能自已穿衣服。知識點5副詞的比較等級1.副詞比較級和最高級的不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級wellbetterbestbadlyworstmuchmostlittleleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest【溫馨提示】副詞的比較和最高級的規(guī)則變化和形容詞相同2.副詞比較等級的用法分類用法例句原級的用法as+原級副詞+as,表示前后兩者情況一樣You walk as fast as he does.你和他走路一樣快。I enjoy music as much as Betty does.我和貝蒂一樣喜歡音樂。not as/so+原級副詞+as,表示前者不如后者speak half as (so) well as you.我講得不及你的一type as (so) fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。比較級的用法比較級+than,用于表達一方超過或低于另一方的情況He works less than he used to.他工作的時間比以前少了。I can run faster and farther than Tom.我能跑得比湯姆快,而且比湯姆跑得遠(yuǎn)。比較級+and+比較級,用于表示情況“越來越”The wind is blowing harder and harder.風(fēng)越刮越大。Lucy plays the violin more and more beautifully.露西小提琴拉得越來越好。比較級的用法the+比較級,the+比較級,表示一方的程度隨著另一方程度的增長而增長,意為“越,就越”The better I knew him, the more I liked him.我越了解他就越喜歡他。The more you talk to the children,the less they will listen.你對孩子們談得越多,他們聽進去的就越少?!局R拓展】1.如果用于兩者之間的比較,“no+比較級+than.”意為“都不”,是對兩者的共同否定,且側(cè)重前者,而“not+比較級+than”意為“不及”,表示前者不及后者,隱含對兩者的肯定,但側(cè)重后者。例如:John speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother喬茜漢語說得和她弟弟一樣都不流利。I run not faster than anyone else in my class我不比班里的其他人跑得快。2.有時為了對比較級進行突出和強調(diào),在其前和其后加上修飾語,以使比較更突出和鮮明。常見的比較級的修飾語:even甚至,更;still更;much更;a little有點;a lot很;a great deal大大地;by far大大地;等等。例如:Could you please speak a little more slowly so I can follow you?你能否說得再慢一點,以便我能聽懂?Jerry French a lot better than before.杰瑞法語說得比以前好多了。最高級的用法the+副詞最高級+表示范圍的短語或從句結(jié)構(gòu),表示在三者或三者以上的范圍中程度(最高)Of all the teachers,he teaches the best. 所有老師中,他教得最好。Of all the subjects,I like art ( the) best。在所有課程中,我最喜歡美術(shù)。知識點6常見副詞的用法副詞用法例句very意為“非?!保揎椥稳菰~和副詞的原級The elephant is very big這頭大象非常大。too,also,either意為“也”, too一般用于肯定句,常放在句末;either一般用于否定句.常放在句末;also一般用于肯定句中,常放在系動詞、助動詞后,行為動詞前Nice to meet you,too.見到你我也很高興。I am not a teacher either.我也不是一個老師。You are also my friend.你也是我的朋友。You also want to go with him.你也想和他一起去。ago,before意為“之前,以前”, ago是以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn),指“距今若干時間以前”,不能單獨使用,應(yīng)用“一段時間+ago,通常與過去時態(tài)連用;before指從過去某一時刻算起的時間以前,通常與過去完成時連用,單獨使用時,泛指以前,常常和完成時態(tài)連用I met our teacher an hour ago.一小時以前我遇見了我們的老師。He said he had finished the work two days before.他說他兩天前完成了這項工作。I have seen the film before.我以前看過這部電影。such,sosuch意為“如此”,SO跟形容詞或副詞,such跟名詞或名詞短語;much, little(少的)用such名詞前有many, few時用so,不用much修飾I have so many toys in my house.我的房間里有如此多的玩具。Did you ever see such weather?你曾經(jīng)見過這樣的天氣嗎?hard,hardlyhard作副詞時,意為“努力”,作形容詞時,意為“困難的,硬的”; hardly是副詞,意為“幾乎不”He studies hard.他學(xué)習(xí)努力。He hardly studies.他幾乎不學(xué)習(xí)。already,yet意為“已經(jīng)”, already用于肯完成時連用;yet用于否定句。Ive already seen the film.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。Have you found your book yet?你已經(jīng)找到你的書了嗎?before long,long beforebefore long不久以后;long before很久以前” Long before,there was a big museum.很久以前,那里有個大的博物館。We will see the film before long.我們不久會看這部電影。too much,much tootoo much的中心詞是much,用法與much相同,用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞;much too的中心詞是too,用法與too相同,用來修飾形容詞或副詞原級We both have too much work to do.我們倆都有很多工作要做。He eats too much food,so he is much too fat他吃了太多的食物,因此他太胖了。sometime,sometimes,some time,some timessometime。意為“有時候”,多用于一般現(xiàn)在時;sometime意為“在某一時候(過去或?qū)?”,表示的是任何時候或某一不確定的時間;some time意為“一段時間”,常作賓語;some times是名詞短語,意為“幾次(倍)”Sometimes I watch TV with my parents. 我有時候和父母一起看電視。New students will e to school sometime next week.新學(xué)生下周的某個時候會來學(xué)校。She will stay in Xian for some time. 她將在西安待一段時間。Ive been to New York some time.我去過紐約幾次??键c突破考點1考查副詞詞義辨析1. (黔南中考)-Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult? -Yes, I could _ work it out. A. easily B. hardly C. finally D. nearly 【解析】選B。問句問數(shù)學(xué)題是否很難,答語回答是的,故應(yīng)為“幾乎做不出來”,用hardly,2.(安順中考)-Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school. -Is that true? He has_ told me about it.A ever B. even C. already D. never 【解析】選D,答話人表示驚訝,說明沒有聽說過這件事.故用never,3.(咸寧中考)一As we know its difficult to live in a foreign country. 一一if you cant understand the language there. A. Exactly B. Naturally C. Usually D. Especially 【解析】選D。句意為:尤其是如果你不明白那里的語言時。故選D4.(昆明中考)Teenagers should be encouraged to go_ and be close to nature. A. inside B. back C. outside D. off 【解析】選C??蘸鬄椤坝H近自然”,故應(yīng)該是到戶外去,用outside,5.(天津中考)We dont want to speak badly or_ in front of the class. A.clearly B. carefully C. carelessly D. properly 【解析】選C, badly與空白處為同類詞匯,都為貶義詞,故應(yīng)用carelessly,6.(宿遷中考)Sandy likes traveling. She_ stays at home during holidays. A. seldom B. usually C. always D. often 【解析】選A。第一句表示桑迪喜歡旅游,第二句表示她假期墓本上不在家待,故用seldom.考點2考查副詞的比較等級7.(咸寧中考)-What do you think of her teaching English? -Great! No one teaches_ in our school. A. good B. worse C. better D. best 【解析】選C。句意為:很棒!在我們學(xué)校沒有人比她教得好。No one與her是二者相比較,用比較等級,此處是用比較級表示最高級含義。故選C,8.(北京中考)-Which season do you like_ , winter or summer? -Summer. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 【解析】選B, 選擇疑問句,是二者的比較。故選B.9.(重慶中考)Lin Fang es home _ than before this term. She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon. A. early B. earlier C. late D. later 【解析】選B,句中有than出現(xiàn),且為之前和這學(xué)期兩者相比較,故用比較級,由后句可知是回家早。