中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在是講解試題.doc
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動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在是講解試題 來(lái)源:英語(yǔ)教師網(wǎng) 2009-06-11 09:28:28 [標(biāo)簽:語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞 試題][當(dāng)前1711家長(zhǎng)在線討論] - 動(dòng) 詞 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作(study, find, swim 等)或狀態(tài)(be, like, feel 等)的詞。動(dòng)詞具有人稱、數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。 知識(shí)梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)! 動(dòng)詞分類:動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞四類。 一)助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有任何含義,不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ),只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),幫助行為動(dòng)詞組成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣以及疑問(wèn)或否定形式。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具體用法如下: 1、助動(dòng)詞be的用法如下: 1)構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如: It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 會(huì)議是昨天下午舉行的。 3)與不定式連用表示按照計(jì)劃、預(yù)先安排或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: They are to see an English film this evening. 他們今天晚上看英語(yǔ)電影。 2、助動(dòng)詞do的用法如下: 1)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或否定式。如: Does he think so? I didnt say anything about the result. 2)在動(dòng)詞前加上do, does, did表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為"的確,確實(shí)"。如: They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man. 3、have: 助動(dòng)詞have 的過(guò)去式是had。have和had均可與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。如: He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned. 4、shall, should: 助動(dòng)詞shall只用于第一人稱的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);助動(dòng)詞should 是shall的過(guò)去式,構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如:I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace. 二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定含義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),要和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。它們也能表明句子的否定、疑問(wèn)或時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can, may, must, need, should等。 表示能力 表示能力一般用can, could。如:Rose can speak now, but she couldnt a week ago. be able to 也表示能力,它和can 的區(qū)別如下: 1)表示做事的能力,兩者可通用。但can 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。be able to 可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。如: She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young. They will be able to finish the drawing soon. 2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作,只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互換。如: She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night. can (could) 在疑問(wèn)句中與第二人稱連用時(shí),表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或提出請(qǐng)求,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。雖然could是can的過(guò)去式,但是could 只是表示比can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉客氣,沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別。如: -Could you lend me your pen? -Yes, I can. 表示許可 表示許可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且常可互換。Might, could語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。要特別注意:回答以might, could開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句只能用may, can 給予直截了當(dāng)?shù)幕卮稹? -Might/Could I borrow your book? -Yes, you may/can. 表示必需、必要 must和have to都有"必須" ,一般情況下可互換。如:You must / have to finish the work.. 但他們有如下區(qū)別: 1)must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法;have to 表示客觀需要。如: I must have a talk with him. He has to give up smoking because of badly cough. 2) 否定式mustnt 表示禁止,意為"不準(zhǔn),不可以做";dont have to 意為"不必"。如: You mustnt hit her. You dont have to explain it to me if you dislike the job. 注:表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有表示"一定"的must, 表示"很有可能"的should, ought to 和表示"可能"的can, could, may, might。具體用法如下: must 表示較有把握的推測(cè),只用于肯定句,不能用語(yǔ)否定句或疑問(wèn)句。用法如下: 1)對(duì)目前動(dòng)作的推測(cè),用must+動(dòng)詞原形。如: You must lose in the mountain. 2) 對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的推測(cè),用must + be + 表語(yǔ)。如:You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty. 在肯定句中,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)把握不大的推測(cè)用may (might) +動(dòng)詞原形,might 比 may 的可能性更小;對(duì)過(guò)去把握不大的推測(cè)用may (might) have+ 過(guò)去分詞。如: The package might come tomorrow. They may have killed the enemies. 3、在疑問(wèn)句中,對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)用can (could) …+動(dòng)詞原形,對(duì)過(guò)去表示懷疑則用can (could) …h(huán)ave+過(guò)去分詞;在否定句中,對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)用cant+動(dòng)詞原形,對(duì)過(guò)去表示推測(cè)用cant (couldnt) have+過(guò)去分詞。如: It cant be John. He has gone to UK. 4、need的雙重身份 need 既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,它們的用法不同,如不注意區(qū)分,就容易用錯(cuò)。 三)系動(dòng)詞 連詞動(dòng)詞的種類 聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞含有一定意義,它們要與其后做表語(yǔ)的形容詞、名詞或介詞(短語(yǔ))一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞按意義可分為三類,而且有自己的特定用法。 1、按意義聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有:be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等,如:Jim appears very old. 2、表示感覺(jué)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如:It smells bad. 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)變的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如: She becomes more beautiful than three years ago. 四)行為動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞又稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,它們都含有實(shí)在的意義,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 ?。薄⒓拔飫?dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞后一定要跟賓語(yǔ),意思才能完整。如: My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me. 2、不及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整,不需帶賓語(yǔ),但如果有些不及物動(dòng)詞非要帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí),必須先加介詞后加賓語(yǔ)。如: He only worried about his daughter. 二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)是I, we, you, they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí),作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下: 一般情況 +s 以s, x, ch, sh 或 o結(jié)尾 +es 以輔音+y結(jié)尾 去y變i+es 2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式(以be和like為例): 主 語(yǔ) 肯 定 式 否 定 式 疑 問(wèn) 式 第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù) I am a student. We/You/ They are students. He/ She is a student. I / We/ You/ They/ like music. Many people like music. I am not a student. We/You/ They are not students. He/ She is not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music. Many people don’t like music. Are you a student. Are you/ they students? Is he/ she a student? Do you/ they like music? Do many people like music? 3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法: 現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 。例如: I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week. 現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 例如: My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客觀真理 例如: The earth goes around the sun. 4)常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。 例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松! 1.--- May I help you, sir? --- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______. A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work 解析:電視雖然是前天買的, 但壞了是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài), 應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。選B. 2.______ the bus until it ______.. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop 解析:這是一個(gè)以u(píng)ntil引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句是祈使句,因此從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意此題應(yīng)用not …until(直到……才)句型。應(yīng)選C。 3.The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take 解析:"這個(gè)70歲的老人早晨鍛煉。"這里鍛煉是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。因此,應(yīng)選A.- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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