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1、第二部分第二部分 語法專題語法專題專題十二專題十二 主謂一致主謂一致精講必備考點(diǎn)精講必備考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 主謂一致的基本原則主謂一致的基本原則考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 主謂一致的應(yīng)用主謂一致的應(yīng)用考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)又可以用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)又可以用復(fù)數(shù)主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致叫作主謂一致?？键c(diǎn)一 主謂一致的基本原則主謂一致遵循的三個(gè)基本原則主謂一致遵循的三個(gè)基本原則原則原則例句例句語法一致語法一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。He is a boy.他是一名男孩。They are boys.他們是男孩。意義一致意義一致主語形式上是單數(shù)，但表
2、達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式但表達(dá)單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Cattle feed on grass. 牛以草為生。Physics is difficult to learn.物理很難學(xué)。原則原則例句例句就近一致就近一致謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定。下列短語連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與離其最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致：either . or，neither . nor，not only . but also .，not . but .等。there be句型中的主語為并列成分時(shí)，be的形式同離其最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。Either he or I
3、am right. 或者他或者我是正確的。Neither I nor he is right. 我和他都不對(duì)。Not only Tom but also his parents are interested in the computer game. 不只湯姆，連他的父母也對(duì)電腦游戲感興趣。There is a book, two pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk. 書桌上有一本書，兩支鋼筆和三個(gè)鉛筆盒?？键c(diǎn)二 主謂一致的應(yīng)用. 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的原則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的原則原則原則例句例句可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)Th
4、e ball is under the desk. 球在書桌下。The water is very hot. 水很熱?！癿ore than one + 單數(shù)名詞”或“ more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one”作主語時(shí)More than one shop was stolen last night. 昨天晚上，不只一家商店被盜?！癮 + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two”作主語時(shí)A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。原則原則例句例句“many a +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)Many a student was late for school
5、this morning. 今天早晨，許多學(xué)生上學(xué)遲到了?！癿any a / no / each / every + 單數(shù)名詞 + and + many a / no / each / every + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books. 許多男孩和女孩已經(jīng)上交了他們的書。Every boy and every girl likes the film star. 所有的男孩和女孩都喜歡這位電影明星?！癮 kind / sort / type / series of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)A new series
6、 of reading for children has been published. 一套新的兒童讀物出版了。原則原則例句例句the number of .或the population of .作主語時(shí)The number of students in our school is 1,000. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是1000。一個(gè)人身兼兩種身份時(shí)The teacher and writer is very famous. 那位老師兼作家很有名。all作主語指代物時(shí)All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都已經(jīng)做了。復(fù)合不定代詞（如anyone，an
7、ybody，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing等）作主語時(shí)Everybody likes his poems. 所有的人都喜歡他的詩。原則原則例句例句主語是單數(shù)形式，后接as well as，（together）with，like，expect，but，along with等詞或詞組時(shí)He, like you, is very kind. 他像你一樣，非常善良。No one except you and me knows it. 除了你和我，沒有人知道這件事。each，either，neither，another，(a) littl
8、e或much作主語或修飾主語時(shí)Much of what you say is true. 你說的許多話是真的。Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)Ten miles isnt a long distance. 十英里并非一段很長的距離。原則原則例句例句運(yùn)算數(shù)詞作主語時(shí)Five minus four is one. 5減4等于一。兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接表示一個(gè)概念或不可分的整體（即and后面無冠詞）作主語時(shí)Bread and butter is their daily food.奶油和面包是他們的日常食物。A knif
9、e and fork has been put on the table. 桌上已經(jīng)擺好了一副刀叉。主語從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)When and how to do it is a problem.什么時(shí)候怎樣做是一個(gè)問題。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。注意：1. “one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹。2. “分?jǐn)?shù) + the number of .”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Two thi
10、rds of the number of our school are boys. 我們學(xué)校2/3的人數(shù)是男生。3. 時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，若強(qiáng)調(diào)若干個(gè)個(gè)別單位而非整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。這時(shí)多與pass，go by，waste，use，spend等詞連用。Five years have passed since I joined the Party. 我入黨五年了。4. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念或意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。What he says and what he does dont agree. 他所說的和他所做的不一致
11、。Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure. 夏天游泳，冬天滑冰是他最大的樂趣。. . 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的原則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的原則原則例句集合名詞或表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，cattle，crew等作主語時(shí)People are enjoying themselves over there. 人們在那兒玩得正開心。原則例句由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞如shoes，trousers，jeans，gloves，glasses，scissors等作主語時(shí)His
12、trousers are of good quality. 他的褲子質(zhì)量很好。兩個(gè)由and或both . and連接的單數(shù)名詞或代詞（且兩個(gè)名詞前都有冠詞）作主語時(shí)The writer and the poem come from the same place. 這位作家和這位詩人來自同一個(gè)地方。Both my father and I are doctors. 我和我爸爸都是醫(yī)生?！皌he + 形容詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語指代一類人時(shí)The wounded have been taken good care of. 傷者得到了很好的照顧。The poor are to be helped. 窮
13、人將受到幫助。原則例句“the + 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)The Greens are watching TV. 格林一家人正在看電視。表示復(fù)數(shù)的不定代詞（如both，few，a few，many，several等）作主語時(shí)A few girls are standing under the tree. 一些女孩正站在那棵樹下。兩個(gè)形容詞共同修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞且兩個(gè)形容詞前都有冠詞時(shí)The red and the white coat are mine. 那件紅色上衣和那件白色上衣是我的。【典例精析】1. A number of tourists _ Yangzhou many times bec
14、ause it is such a beautiful city. A.have been toB. has been toC. has gone toD. have gone to解析：句子的主語為“a number of + 名詞”，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，且根據(jù)句中的many times可知，設(shè)空處想要表達(dá)的是“去過且已經(jīng)回來了”。2. Maths _ my favourite subject, what about you? Physics _. I think its very interesting.A. is; isB. are; areC. are; is答案：A。解析：math
15、s和physics雖然都是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示的卻是單數(shù)意義，指數(shù)學(xué)和物理兩門學(xué)科。因此它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。答案：A。3. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. areB. isC. wereD. was解析：該句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)except前面的主語來確定。其前的主語為everyone，所以，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞began可知，句子要用一般過去時(shí)。4. There _ a basketball game in our school this evening. A. is going
16、 to have B. will have C. will is D. will be答案：D。解析：根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語this evening可知，句子要用一般將來時(shí)。there be結(jié)構(gòu)的將來時(shí)形式有there will be和there is going to be兩種。 答案：D?？键c(diǎn)三 謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)又可以用復(fù)數(shù)1. “分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞”和“百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞”短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與其后面的名詞保持一致。Three fourths of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的3/4被海洋覆蓋。2. “a lot of / lots of /
17、some of / all of / half of / the rest of + 名詞（短語）”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與of后的名詞（短語）保持一致。Most of her time spends in listening to music. 她的大部分時(shí)間花在聽音樂上。Lots of the boys in our school like basketball. 我們學(xué)校大部分男生喜歡打籃球。3. 集體名詞，如family，team，group，class，audience等作主語時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)集體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Class One has a comput
18、er. 一班有一臺(tái)電腦。Class One are having a test. 一班的學(xué)生正在考試。4. 代詞none作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人的意思確定單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。None of them is a Party member. = None of them are Party numbers. 他們都不是黨員。5. such作為代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與其所指代的成分保持一致。Such is the result. 這就是結(jié)果。“I have never seen such an interesting movie.” such were his words.“我從未看過這么有趣的電影?！边@是他說的。
領(lǐng)跑中考（廣東專版）中考英語 專題十二 主謂一致課件
