生物芯片和納米中藥對(duì)肝膽腫瘤早期診治的研究畢業(yè)論文

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1、 華 中 科 技 大 學(xué) 博 士 學(xué) 位 論 文 博士學(xué)位論文 生物芯片和納米中藥對(duì)肝膽腫瘤早期診治的研究 學(xué)位申請(qǐng)人: 學(xué)科專業(yè): 外科學(xué) 指導(dǎo)教師: 答辯日期: 2013年5月 101 A Dissertation Submitted to Huazhong University of Sicience and Technology for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine Research on early diagnosis and treatmen

2、t of hepatobiliary tumors by biochip and Nano-traditional Chinese medicine Ph. D. Candidate : Wang Bing Supervisor : Prof. Zou Shengquan Major : General Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical Colloge Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, 43003

3、0 P. R. China May,2013 獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 本人鄭重聲明,本學(xué)位論文是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果的總結(jié)。盡我所知,除文中已經(jīng)標(biāo)明引用的內(nèi)容外,本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體,均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本人完全意識(shí)到本人將承擔(dān)本聲明引起的一切法律后果。 學(xué)位論文作者簽名: 日期: 年 月 日 學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書 本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定,即:學(xué)校有權(quán)保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版,允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授

4、權(quán)華中科技大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索,可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。 保密□ ,在_____年解密后適用本授權(quán)書。 本論文屬于 不保密□。 (請(qǐng)?jiān)谝陨戏娇騼?nèi)打“√” ) 學(xué)位論文作者簽名: 指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 日期: 年 月 日 日期: 年 月 日 中國科技部國際合作司資助項(xiàng)目 納米中藥高靶向治療消化道惡性腫瘤的相關(guān)研究 (編號(hào):2010DFA31870) This study was s

5、upported by a grant from The Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (NO. 2010DFA31870) 目 錄 主要略縮詞一覽表 1 前 言 2 中文摘要 4 Abstract 9 本研究創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 16 第一部分 生物芯片早期診斷肝膽腫瘤的探討 17 Part Ⅰ MeDIP芯片分析和建立膽管癌差異甲基化譜 17 引言 18 材料和方法 19 結(jié)果 22 討 論 28 參考文獻(xiàn) 29 Part Ⅱ 無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建 31 前言 31 材料與

6、方法 32 結(jié)果 35 討論 37 結(jié)論 38 參考文獻(xiàn) 38 第二部分 雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇新型固體納米粒治療肝膽腫瘤的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 40 PartⅠ 雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇新型固體納米粒對(duì)肝癌生長抑制的研究 40 材料與方法 41 方法 42 觀察指標(biāo) 43 結(jié)果 44 討論 50 參考文獻(xiàn) 52 PartⅡ 甲基化酶抑制劑作用于膽管癌的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 55 材料與方法 56 結(jié) 果 58 討 論 61 參考文獻(xiàn) 62 PartⅢ 組蛋白脫乙酰化酶抑制劑作用于膽管癌的研究 65 材料與方法 66 結(jié) 果 68 討 論 70 參考文獻(xiàn) 72 PartⅣ 地西他濱

7、聯(lián)合丙戊酸鈉增強(qiáng)TP-SLN對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞殺傷作用的初步研究 74 前言 74 材料與方法 75 結(jié) 果 75 討論 76 第三部分 應(yīng)用無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)初探納米中藥對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞作用機(jī)制 77 前言 77 材料與方法 77 結(jié)果 78 討論 78 綜述 表觀遺傳學(xué)治療的現(xiàn)狀與展望 79 附錄 發(fā)表文章 96 致謝 97 主要略縮詞一覽表 縮寫 英 文 全 稱 中 文 譯 注 CCA MeDIP Cholangiocarcinoma methyl - DNA immunoprecipitation 膽管癌 甲基化

8、DNA免疫共沉淀 MSP methylation specific PCR 甲基化特異性多聚酶鏈反應(yīng) BSP bisulfite sequence – PCR 亞硫酸氫鹽修飾后測序法 DAC Decitabine 地西他濱 VPA Valproate acid 丙戊酸 DNMT DNA methylation transferase DNA甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶 HDAC histone deacetylases 組蛋白脫乙?;? GFP-LC3 Green fluorescence protein -tagged MAP-LC3 綠色熒光蛋白標(biāo)記的MAP-LC3

9、 PI propidium iodide 碘化丙碇 CCK8 cell counting kit-8 細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)試劑盒 PBS phosphate buffered saline 磷酸鹽緩沖液 生物芯片和納米中藥對(duì)肝膽腫瘤早期診治的研究 前 言 膽管癌(Cholangiocarcinoma, CCA)是一種起源于肝內(nèi)或肝外膽管上皮細(xì)胞的消化道惡性腫瘤,其侵襲性強(qiáng)。最近來自美國和英國的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究顯示:過去十年間全球的膽管癌發(fā)病率和致死率均呈上升趨勢(shì)。膽管癌約占所有消化道惡性腫瘤的3%。其預(yù)后極差,診斷時(shí)往往已是進(jìn)展期。盡管有許多改進(jìn)了的治療方法已經(jīng)

10、出現(xiàn),還有一些新的靶向療法也正在興起,但外科手術(shù)仍是迄今為止最有效的治療方法。然而,卻只有少于1/3的膽管癌患者適合手術(shù)切除。另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示:切除瘤體后的肝內(nèi)膽管癌、肝門部膽管癌和肝外膽管癌的5年生存率分別為22-44%、11-41%和27-37%。其余治療方法,諸如傳統(tǒng)的放化療、肝移植等對(duì)已手術(shù)切除和未能切除的膽管癌患者的5年生存率沒有實(shí)質(zhì)性地提高。 膽管癌的早期診斷和有效治療均極為棘手的原因主要還是對(duì)其獨(dú)有的生物學(xué)特性的研究不夠深入透徹,且基礎(chǔ)研究的成果不能很好地應(yīng)用于臨床。因此,尋找特異性強(qiáng)、靈敏度高的早期診斷方法,加強(qiáng)膽道腫瘤治療理論基礎(chǔ)研究及研發(fā)對(duì)膽管癌治療行之有效的方法顯得尤為必

11、要和迫切。 本課題組一直以來從事膽道腫瘤的基礎(chǔ)和臨床研究。在前期研究中,我們從表觀遺傳學(xué)的角度,采用基因甲基化芯片,篩選出膽管癌細(xì)胞和正常膽管上皮細(xì)胞間基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)CpG島差異性甲基化譜,并對(duì)其中最具特異性的一些基因(家族)進(jìn)行生物學(xué)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果證實(shí),芯片篩選出的這些位點(diǎn)無論在組織還是在細(xì)胞層面,其甲基化差異均較顯著。我們已經(jīng)并正在對(duì)這些基因進(jìn)行深入的功能研究,試圖探明這些基因與膽管癌發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的哪些生物學(xué)行為有關(guān),為后期的早期診斷標(biāo)志物的篩選和有效治療奠定基礎(chǔ)。 近年來,一些芯片集成無透鏡成像系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)及檢測新桿狀線蟲(體長達(dá)1mm)的活動(dòng)等研究中。一般的光學(xué)顯微鏡是通過光學(xué)物

12、鏡實(shí)現(xiàn)成像,而這種無透鏡系統(tǒng)是直接將生物樣品的“影子”投射在CCD或CMOS光傳感器中。這套系統(tǒng)的分辨率取決于傳感器的像素及衍射效應(yīng)。本課題組利用德國IBMT研究所先進(jìn)的芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)室平臺(tái),與IBMT合作構(gòu)建了一種方便攜帶使用、成本低廉、快速分析、樣本和試劑消耗少的細(xì)胞診斷芯片。該組件可用于動(dòng)態(tài)定點(diǎn)監(jiān)測細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化和細(xì)胞的熒光圖像,為后期診斷芯片的進(jìn)一步開發(fā)提供重要的參考數(shù)據(jù)。 此外,在膽道腫瘤的治療方面,本課題組一直扎根于探索納米中藥對(duì)膽管癌的靶向治療,在“863”課題和國家科技部課題的支持下,我們?nèi)〉昧素S碩的成果。本文中,為了達(dá)到更好的療效,我們采用了一種新型的納米材料---新型固體脂質(zhì)納米

13、粒。數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)其對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞和肝癌鼠移植瘤均有明顯的減毒增效作用。 中文摘要 第一部分 生物芯片早期診斷肝膽腫瘤的探討 PartⅠ MeDIP芯片分析和建立膽管癌差異甲基化譜 目的:利用全基因組啟動(dòng)子區(qū)CpG島甲基化位點(diǎn)檢測芯片技術(shù),分析人膽管癌細(xì)胞株與人正常膽管上皮細(xì)胞株間的基因甲基化差異,建立膽管癌基因差異甲基化譜,為尋找特異性膽管癌早期診斷標(biāo)志物奠定。 方法:采用NimbleGen HG18 CpG Promoter 芯片(Roche,Germany)分別檢測人膽管癌

14、細(xì)胞株TFK-1和人正常膽管上皮細(xì)胞株BEC全基因組啟動(dòng)子區(qū)CpG島甲基化位點(diǎn),并分析比較兩細(xì)胞株間的差異甲基化位點(diǎn)。并應(yīng)用Molecular Annotation System (MAS)軟件分析差異甲基化位點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的基因的功能。采用亞硫酸氫鹽測序法(BSP)檢測HOX基因甲基化水平。采用熒光定量PCR和western-blot法檢測目的基因在細(xì)胞水平的表達(dá)情況。免疫組化檢測目的基因在膽管癌和癌旁組織中的表達(dá)差異。甲基化PCR(MSP)檢測甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶抑制劑干預(yù)前后,目的基因甲基化的變化情況。 結(jié)果: 1.MeDIP芯片結(jié)果顯示:相比于BEC細(xì)胞株TFK-1細(xì)胞株中有2103個(gè)CpG島表現(xiàn)為差

15、異性高甲基化; 2.在所有差異性高甲基化CpG島中有97個(gè)基因?qū)儆贖OX家族基因,這些基因涉及細(xì)胞分化、周期改變、粘附、侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移以及血管生成等多個(gè)腫瘤發(fā)生機(jī)制; 3.SignalMap軟件分析這97個(gè)HOX家族基因,發(fā)現(xiàn)甲基化率最高的前15位基因是HOXA5、HOXA2、HOXA11、HOXB4和HOXD13。BSP證實(shí)其各自的甲基化率為:HOXA5(95.38%)、HOXA2(94.29%)、HOXA11(91.67%)、HOXB4(90.56%)和 HOXD13(94.38%); 4.PCR和Western-blotting結(jié)果顯示:在肝癌、膽管

16、癌、胰腺癌和大腸癌等消化道腫瘤細(xì)胞株中,膽管癌細(xì)胞株TFK-1中HOXA5表達(dá)量最低。免疫組化顯示:相比于癌旁和正常膽管組織而言,膽管癌中HOXA5表達(dá)量明顯降低。MSP證實(shí):在甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶抑制劑干預(yù)后,HOXA5在TFK-1中甲基化程度明顯降低。 結(jié)論:1.MeDIP芯片是篩選膽管癌早期診斷標(biāo)志物的有效方法之一; 2.DNA甲基化可能是HOXA5在膽管癌中表達(dá)降低的重要原因,且HOXA5高甲基化可作為膽道腫瘤的早期診斷標(biāo)志物之一。 關(guān)鍵詞:MeDIP芯片、甲基化譜、膽管癌、HOXA5。 PartⅡ 無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建 目的:微流控芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)室(La

17、b-on-a-chip)技術(shù)越來越多地用于細(xì)胞毒性檢測和藥物測試。 該技術(shù)主要利用蝕刻技術(shù)到以各種材料制作的芯片上的通道和孔洞構(gòu)成的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”構(gòu)建微型實(shí)驗(yàn)室。實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí),壓力以精細(xì)控制的方式推動(dòng)鈉升的體積流過通道,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在單個(gè)集成的系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行樣品處理、混合、稀釋、電泳、定點(diǎn)追蹤以及色譜分析、染色和檢測。本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是利用德國IBMT研究所先進(jìn)的芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)室,構(gòu)建一種方便攜帶使用、成本低廉、快速分析、樣本和試劑消耗少的細(xì)胞診斷芯片。 方法: 本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用接觸式光學(xué)平板印刷技術(shù)的原理構(gòu)建了一種無透鏡熒光顯微鏡/光學(xué)顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞芯片集成系統(tǒng)。生物樣本被放置在一個(gè)包含有一個(gè)1.5 μl漏斗狀的腔及底

18、部為1 μm厚的硅氮化合物的MEMS芯片內(nèi)。再將芯片裝載在一個(gè)5兆彩色CMOS成像元件陣列上,最后在兩者間覆蓋一個(gè)光濾片。利用此系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)鼠源性纖維細(xì)胞L929和人膽管癌細(xì)胞TFK-1。同時(shí),分別用Erythrosine B和FITC進(jìn)行細(xì)胞染色處理后,再比較此系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)熒光顯微鏡的成像效果。 結(jié)果:1.該系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測L929細(xì)胞及TFK-1細(xì)胞影像的對(duì)比度和清晰度與4x物鏡下的影像基本一致; 2.定點(diǎn)追蹤觀察單個(gè)或少量細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化,效果良好; 3.L929經(jīng)紅染或綠色熒光染色后,該系統(tǒng)顯示細(xì)胞形態(tài)清晰。 結(jié)論:該組件可用于動(dòng)態(tài)定點(diǎn)監(jiān)測細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化和細(xì)胞的熒光圖像,為后期診斷芯片的進(jìn)一步開發(fā)

19、提供重要的參考數(shù)據(jù)。 關(guān)鍵詞:細(xì)胞診斷芯片、無透鏡成像系統(tǒng)、膽管癌。 第二部分 雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇新型固體納米粒治療肝膽腫瘤的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 PartⅠ 地西他濱和丙戊酸鈉單用對(duì)人膽管癌生長抑制作用研究 目的:探討地西他濱(DAC)和丙戊酸鈉(VPA)單用對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞株TFK-1、QBC939、HUCCT、CCLP1細(xì)胞增殖的影響,并探討其可能的機(jī)制。 方法:1.采用CCK8法檢測DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用時(shí)對(duì)細(xì)胞生長的抑制率; 2.應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用后細(xì)胞周期的變化; 3.經(jīng)Hochst33342/PI染色,光鏡下觀察經(jīng)DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用后細(xì)

20、胞形態(tài)的變化,同時(shí)應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測處理后細(xì)胞凋亡情況; 4.光鏡下觀察經(jīng)DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用細(xì)胞120h后,細(xì)胞分化的情況; 5.構(gòu)建GFP-LC3質(zhì)粒并轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,再加入DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用處理72小時(shí),熒光顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞自噬情況; 6.體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)采用裸鼠TFK-1細(xì)胞皮下種植瘤模型,觀察DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用對(duì)瘤體生長及生存率的影響。 結(jié)果:1.DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用呈時(shí)間和劑量依賴性; 2.流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測顯示,隨著藥物濃度的增加和作用時(shí)間的延長,膽管癌細(xì)胞呈現(xiàn)明顯的G2/M或G0/G1期阻滯; 3.經(jīng)D

21、AC、VPA單獨(dú)使用后,光鏡下可見凋亡的細(xì)胞呈明顯的胞體固縮、核固縮、核碎裂及凋亡小體形成。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)結(jié)果表明:細(xì)胞凋亡呈劑量依賴性; 4.光鏡下觀察到DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用120h后,細(xì)胞形態(tài)呈樹突狀突起; 5.熒光顯微鏡下觀察到DAC、VPA單獨(dú)使用后,細(xì)胞有明顯的自噬現(xiàn)象; 6.體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)證明:當(dāng)應(yīng)用DAC或VPA后,總給藥時(shí)間為2周時(shí),其對(duì)裸鼠TFK-1細(xì)胞皮下移植瘤的生長有明顯的抑制作用。而且,治療組的裸鼠生存期較對(duì)照組明顯延長。 結(jié)論:體外實(shí)驗(yàn)和體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)均證實(shí), DAC或VPA對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞均具有明顯的生長抑制作用。

22、關(guān)鍵詞:地西他濱、丙戊酸鈉、膽管癌、細(xì)胞增殖、周期和凋亡、細(xì)胞分化、印跡基因。 PartⅡ 雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇新型固體納米粒對(duì)肝癌生長抑制的研究 目的:1.觀察雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇新型固體納米粒(TP-SLN)經(jīng)尾靜脈注射給藥對(duì)SPF級(jí)BALB/C小鼠的急性毒性研究; 2.觀察TP-SLN對(duì)肝癌細(xì)胞株H22體外和荷瘤體內(nèi)的抗腫瘤作用研究 方法:1.雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇(TP)和TP-SLN分別作用于H22細(xì)胞24h、48h和72h后,CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞的存活率; 2.SPF級(jí)BALB/c小鼠50只(雌雄各半), 按照0.65 mg/kg,0.773 mg/kg,0.919 mg/kg,1.189

23、mg/kg,1.300 mg/kg單次尾靜脈注射給予TP-SLN,共5個(gè)劑量組。觀察小鼠單次給藥的癥狀體征,統(tǒng)計(jì)死亡率、體重等相應(yīng)指標(biāo)的變化; 3.建立H22細(xì)胞BALB/c小鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分為生理鹽水空白對(duì)照組,空白固體脂質(zhì)納米粒組,雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇(TP)組,TP-SLN組,順鉑陽性對(duì)照組,隔日尾靜脈給藥后觀察記錄腫瘤的體積、體重、一般生長活動(dòng)狀況。12天后處死所有小鼠,剝離腫瘤組織進(jìn)行稱重。 結(jié)果:1.體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中,TP-SLN對(duì)H22細(xì)胞生長抑制呈時(shí)間和劑量依賴性,作用明顯且強(qiáng)于TP; 2.TP-SLN對(duì)于SPF級(jí)BALB/c小鼠尾靜脈注射途徑而言,其LD50值為0.8

24、91 mg/kg,95%的可置信區(qū)間是0.814 mg/kg—0.971 mg/kg。并且在該劑距范圍內(nèi),TP-PM對(duì)于BALB/c小鼠而言,死亡率呈現(xiàn)良好劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系;觀察發(fā)現(xiàn):TP-PM對(duì)于SPF級(jí)BALB/c小鼠而言,在注射后的4hrs內(nèi)小鼠均未出現(xiàn)死亡,隨著時(shí)間的延長,部分小鼠癥狀逐漸加重抖動(dòng),共濟(jì)失調(diào),進(jìn)而活動(dòng)減少,活動(dòng)抑制直至死亡; BALB/c小鼠死亡時(shí)間集中在24-48 hrs, 96 hrs 后絕大部分存活動(dòng)物恢復(fù)正常的運(yùn)動(dòng)、呼吸等,體重上升。 3.與生理鹽水空白對(duì)照組比較,TP、TP-SLN及順鉑均引起腫瘤體積下降和體重減輕。抑瘤率分別為 22.4%、49.2%、51.5

25、%。TP、TP-SLN與生理鹽水空白對(duì)照組相比,小鼠的生活狀態(tài)(體重、反應(yīng)能力等)均有一定的改善。順鉑組生活狀態(tài)無明顯改善。 結(jié)論:與TP相比,TP-SLN體內(nèi)、外對(duì)肝癌細(xì)胞的抑制增強(qiáng)且穩(wěn)定、持久,副作用減弱。 關(guān)鍵詞:TP、TP-SLN、H22細(xì)胞、抑瘤作用。 PartⅢ 地西他濱聯(lián)合丙戊酸鈉增強(qiáng)TP-SLN對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞生長抑制作用的初步研究 目的:探討DAC聯(lián)合VPA能否增強(qiáng)TP-SLN對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞殺傷作用。 方法:DAC聯(lián)合VPA預(yù)處理TFK-1細(xì)胞3天后,再加入TP-SLN處理24h、48h和72h,采用CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞存活率。 結(jié)果:與未預(yù)處理組相比,地

26、西他濱聯(lián)合丙戊酸鈉預(yù)處理后,TP-SLN對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞增值抑制作用明顯增強(qiáng) 結(jié)論:地西他濱聯(lián)合丙戊酸鈉預(yù)處理增強(qiáng)TP-SLN對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞增值抑制效應(yīng)。 關(guān)鍵詞:TP-SLN,DAC、VPA 第三部分 應(yīng)用無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)初探納米中藥對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞作用機(jī)制 目的:應(yīng)用無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)觀察納米中藥與膽管癌細(xì)胞間相互作用 方法:應(yīng)用無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)TFK-1細(xì)胞72小時(shí)后,培養(yǎng)基中加入TP-SLN,采集處理24h、48h和72h后的細(xì)胞圖像 結(jié)果:無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)觀察到納米藥物與細(xì)胞的相互作用后

27、,細(xì)胞形態(tài)發(fā)生變化,但納米材料熒光信號(hào)很弱。 結(jié)論:無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng)可應(yīng)用于觀察納米藥物與細(xì)胞相互作用過程。 關(guān)鍵詞:無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞診斷芯片集成系統(tǒng),TP-SLN,TFK-1細(xì)胞。 Research on early diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary tumors by biochip and Nano-traditional Chinese medicine Abstract 1. Exploration to early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma by biochip

28、 PartⅠ Analysis and establishment of methylation profiles of cholangiocarcinoma by MeDIP chip Aims: To analyze gene methylation differences between human cholangiocarcinoma cell line and normal bile duct epithelial cell line by genome-wide promoter region CpG island methylation sites microarray te

29、chnology and establish differentially methylated spectrum of cholangiocarcinoma so as to lay basis of early diagnose to cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: NimbleGen HG18 CpG Promoter chip (Roche, Germany) were used to detect human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines TFK-1 and normal human bile duct epithelial

30、cells BEC genome-wide promoter CpG island methylation sites,. Annotation System (MAS) software was applied to analysis the function of the gene,which has differentially methylated loci. bisulfite sequencing (BSP) was used to detect HOX gene methylation level. PCR and western-blot method were applied

31、 to detect target gene expression at the cellular level. Immunohistochemical detection were used to examine target gene expression differences in cholangiocarcinoma and adjacent tissues. Methylation PCR (MSP) was used to detect the target gene methylation changes before and after methyltransferase i

32、nhibitor intervention Results:1.There were 2103 CpG islands difference hypermethylation performance between BEC cells and TFK-1 cells. 2.There were 97 genes belonging to the HOX family genes among all the difference methylation of CpG islands,which involved in multiple tumor mechanism,such as c

33、ell differentiation, the cycle of change, adhesion, invasion and metastasis and angiogenesis 3. SignalMap software was used to Analyze of the 97 HOX family genes, the top 15highest methylation rates of genes are HOXA5, HOXA2, HOXA11, HOXB4 and HOXD13 et al. BSP confirmed their respective methylatio

34、n: HOXA5 (95.38%), HOXA2 (94.29%), of HOXA11 (91.67%), upregulation of HOXB4 (90.56%) and HOXD13 (94.38%); 4. PCR and Western-blotting results showed that: among liver cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer cell lines, the expression of HOXA5 of cholangiocarcinoma cells was the lowest. Immuno

35、histochemistry showed that: compared to adjacent normal bile duct, bile duct cancer HOXA5 expression was significantly reduced. The MSP confirmed: After methyltransferase inhibitors intervention, HOXA5 in TFK-1 significantly reduced the degree of methylation. Conclusion: 1.MeDIP chip is one of the

36、effective method of screening early diagnostic marker of cholangiocarcinoma; 2.DNA methylation may be important reason for HOXA5 expression decreased in cholangiocarcinoma, and HOXA5 hypermethylation can be used as one of early diagnostic marker for biliary tract tumors Keywords: MeDIP chip, met

37、hylation profiles, bile duct cancer, HOXA5. PartⅡ Construction of on-chip integrated lensless microscopy module for cell-based sensors Aims: Lab-on-a-chip systems are increasingly applied in cell-based assays for toxicology and drug testing. In this paper, by use of the advanced trchnology of

38、IBMT institute (Germany), we worked together to construct an on-chip integrated lensless microscopy module using a direct projection method for optical monitoring of the shadow images of adherent growing mammalian cells. Methods:We present an on-chip integrated lensless fluorescence imaging mod

39、ule applying the principle of contact/proximate optical lithography. The biological samples or solutions are sustained in disposable sterilized microfluidic chips with 1 μ m thick silicon nitride (Si3N4) membranes. These chips are assembled on the surface of a 5 megapixel colored CMOS image sensor a

40、rray with 1.75 m pixel size, which is coated with an additional interference filter. The function is demonstrated by the growth monitoring of L929 and TFK-1 cells cultured in cavity chips with Si3N4 substrate for 2 days and by checking the colorimetric staining of cells with a compromised membrane.

41、 Results: 1. The pixel resolution is comparable with a 4 objective microscope. 2. It is possible for point-of-care applications to observe the morphology of single cell. 3. The image quality of the module with a Si3N4-chip for L929 cells is good. Conclusion: the module can be

42、used for point-of-care observation.It can be offered some important informations for further development of dignosis chip. Key words: dignosis based on cell-chips, lensless microscopy module, cholangiocarcinoma. 2 Research on treatment to hepatobiliary tumors by TP-SLN PartⅠ Effect of valproi

43、c acid or Decitabine on inhibition growth of human cholangiocarcinoma cells and its mechanism Aims: To investigate the effect of valproic acid or Decitabine on inhibition growth of human cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo and its possible mechanism. Methods: cell growth inhibition rate

44、s were determined by CCK-8 assay; Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry after treated with various concentrations. Cell autophagy was observed under fluorescence microscope. The effect of valproic acid (VAP) or DAC on growth of cholangiocarcinoma in vivo was determined in cho

45、langiocarcinoma cells mice xenograft model. Results:The growth inhibition rate of cholangiocarcinoma cells in VPA or or DAC-treated group decreased in a time- and dose- dependent manner. After treated with VPA or DAC, cell cycle of cholangiocarcinoma cells was arrested at G2/M or G0/G1 phase. The

46、apoptosis rate was significantly higher in treated group than control group. Cell autophagy was observed after treated with VPA or DAC in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The growth of implanted tumor of cholangiocarcinoma cells was significantly slowed down after mice were treated with 300mg/kg/6 times a

47、week VPA or 0.8 mg/kg/6 times a week DAC for 2 weeks. Conclusion VPA or DAC can inhibit growth of cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo, which is probably related with cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and partially with autophagy. 【key words】 VPA; DAC; cholangiocarcinoma; cell cycle and apopto

48、sis; autophagy; xenograft PartⅡ Inhibition of the New Triptolide-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to H22 Hepatoma Cells Aims:1. To investigate the acute toxicity and degree of the animals death of triptolide loaded polymeric micelles via the tail vein injection in SPF grade BALB / c mice, then

49、calculate its LD50, which will provide dose design basis for the long-term toxicology experiment. 2.To investigate the anti-tumor effects of triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(TP-SLN) on the H22 hepatoma cell line, and provide the basis for further clinical application as anticancer drugs.

50、 Method:1. H22 cells were incubated with triptolide (TP) and TP-SLN for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Cell viability was then measured by the CCK-8 assay. 2. 50 SPF grade BALB / c mice (half male half female) are given TP-PM in accordance with the 0.65 mg/kg, 0.773 mg/kg, 0.919 mg/kg, 1.189mg/kg, 1.300 mg

51、/kg by single tail vein injection, a total of five dose groups. The corresponding indicators of change the signs with single tail vein injection and symptoms in mice were observed, mortality, body weight, etc was counted. 3. H22 tumor-bearing mouse models were then established.The H22 tumor-bearing

52、 mice were randomly divided into saline group,SLN(free TP)group,TP group,TP-SLN group, cisplatin group. Drugs were administered by tail vein every other day and tumor volume, body weight general activity status were observed after administration.12 days later, all mice were sacrificed. The tumor tis

53、sue were weighed, and then detected the expression of VEGF and p53 by immunohistochemistry. Results:1.in vitro ,TP-SLN was more effective than TP, and the inhibitory effect increased in a time—dependent and dose—dependent manner. 2.The triptolide loaded polymer micelles for SPF grade of BALB / c

54、 mice tail vein injection route, The LD50 value is 0.891 mg/kg, 95% of the confidence interval is 0.814 mg/kg-0.971 mg/kg. Also in this agent pitch range, triptolide loaded polymeric micelles for BALB / c mice, the mortality showed good dose-response relationship; we also observed: The triptolide po

55、lymer micelles for SPF grade of BALB / c mice were not death 4hrs after injection,, but with the extension of time, some mice’s symptoms were gradually worsened; trembling, ataxia, activities poor, inactive until death; the BALB / c mice’s death period is concentrated in the 24-48hrs. most of 96hrs

56、after surviving animals to restore normal movement, breathing,etc, weight gain. 3.In vivo, compared with the saline group, TP, TP-SLN and cisplatin all caused a decline in tumor volume and weight loss. The tumors were inhibited by 22.4%, 49.2% and 51.5%, respectively. Also, the living conditions (b

57、ody weight, response capability, etc.) of TP and TP-SLN group have some improvement. But in the cisplatin group, no significant improvement was observed. TP-SLN group had more P53 expression rates than TP group, but fewer at the level of expression of VEGF. Conclusions:Compared with TP, TP-SLN has

58、 a more potent anti-tumor effect, which is stable, long-lasting. side effects are ruduced at the same time. Keywords:triptolide; solid lipid nanoparticles; liver; H22; xenograft model. Part Ⅲ Decitabine and valprete enhanced effect of TP-SLN on growth inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cells Aims

59、: To investigate whether Decitabine and valprete enhanced effect of TP-SLN on growth inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cells or not. Method: After pretreated on TFK-1 cells by DAC and VPA for 3 days,TP-SLN was used to treat for 24h、48h and 72h。Cell growth inhibition rates were determined by CCK-8 as

60、say Results: Compared to unpretreated group,the pretreated group can enhance effect of TP-SLN on growth inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cells Conclusion: Decitabine and valprete enhanced effect of TP-SLN on growth inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cells Key words: TP-SLN, DAC,VPA 3 on-chip int

61、egrated lensless microscopy module applied to explore the mechanism of effect of nanodrugs on cholangiocarcinoma cells. Aims: To explore the mechanism of effect of nanodrugs on cholangiocarcinoma cells by on-chip integrated lensless microscopy module. Methods: TFK-1 cells were cultured by on-chip

62、 integrated lensless microscopy module for 72 h. The cells were then treated by TP-SLN. Results: the morphology changes can be observed by on-chip integrated lensless microscopy module when TP-SLN were used to treat cholangiocarcinoma cells. Conclusions: on-chip integrated lensless microscopy mod

63、ule can be used to explore the mechanism of effect of nanodrugs on cholangiocarcinoma cells. Key words: on-chip integrated lensless microscopy module, TP-SLN,TFK-1 本研究創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 1 本課題組在前期應(yīng)用表觀遺傳學(xué)、蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)等方法尋找膽道腫瘤診斷標(biāo)志物的基礎(chǔ)上,首次采用NimbleGen HG18 CpG Promoter芯片分析

64、并建立膽管癌差異甲基化譜,為尋找新的、有效的膽道腫瘤早期診斷標(biāo)志物提供了新思路、新途徑; 2 在國家科技部國際合作項(xiàng)目納米中藥高靶向治療與IBMT研究所國際合作下,采用對(duì)方先進(jìn)的生物醫(yī)學(xué)芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)室平臺(tái),共同成功構(gòu)建無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞芯片集成系統(tǒng),為提高對(duì)膽道腫瘤診斷準(zhǔn)確率,實(shí)現(xiàn)方便攜帶、成本低廉、快速分析、樣本需要量少的細(xì)胞診斷芯片的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ) 3我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶抑制劑地西他濱(DAC)、脫乙?;敢种苿┍焖徕c(VPA)以及雷公藤內(nèi)酯醇新型固體納米粒(TP-SLN)對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞均具有生長抑制作用,同時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)通過用表觀遺傳學(xué)治療方法先誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞分化,再應(yīng)用TP-SL

65、N處理膽管癌細(xì)胞,大大降低了雷公藤抗瘤劑量,為臨床應(yīng)用納米中藥治療消化道腫瘤提供新思路和新方法。 4初次使用無透鏡顯微鏡聯(lián)合細(xì)胞芯片集成系統(tǒng),用于動(dòng)態(tài)觀察納米中藥在膽管癌細(xì)胞的代謝過程,為在細(xì)胞水平研究納米中藥的藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)、細(xì)胞生理和細(xì)胞器生物學(xué)提供了新方法、新途徑,為早期診治消化道腫瘤提供新思路、新概念。 第一部分 生物芯片早期診斷肝膽腫瘤的探討 Part Ⅰ MeDIP芯片分析和建立膽管癌差異甲基化譜 摘要 目的:利用全基因組啟動(dòng)子區(qū)CpG島甲基化位點(diǎn)檢測芯片技術(shù),分析人膽管癌細(xì)胞株與人正常膽管上皮細(xì)胞株間的基因甲基化差異,建立膽管癌基因差異性甲基化譜。 方法:采用Nimble

66、Gen HG18 CpG Promoter 芯片(Roche,Germany)分別檢測人膽管癌細(xì)胞株TFK-1和人正常膽管上皮細(xì)胞株BEC全基因組啟動(dòng)子區(qū)CpG島甲基化位點(diǎn),并分析比較兩細(xì)胞株間的差異甲基化位點(diǎn)。并應(yīng)用Molecular Annotation System (MAS)軟件分析差異甲基化位點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的基因的功能。采用亞硫酸氫鹽測序法(BSP)檢測HOX基因甲基化水平。采用熒光定量PCR和western-blot法檢測目的基因在細(xì)胞水平的表達(dá)情況。免疫組化檢測目的基因在膽管癌和癌旁組織中的表達(dá)差異。甲基化PCR(MSP)檢測甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶抑制劑干預(yù)前后,目的基因甲基化的變化情況。 結(jié)果: 1.MeDIP芯片結(jié)果顯示:相比于BEC細(xì)胞株TFK-1細(xì)胞株中有2103個(gè)CpG島表現(xiàn)為差異性高甲基化; 2.在所有差異性高甲基化CpG島中有97個(gè)基因?qū)儆贖OX家族基因,這些基因涉及細(xì)胞分化、周期改變、粘附、侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移以及血管生成等多個(gè)腫瘤發(fā)生機(jī)制; 3.SignalMap軟件分析這97個(gè)HOX家族基因,發(fā)現(xiàn)甲基化率最高的前15位基因是HOXA5、HOXA2

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