土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)帶譯文課件

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1、,*,土木工程英語(yǔ),1,Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete,Chapter 6,1Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete,2,Conversation,1.Our concrete material is mixed in a rotating-drum batch mixer at the job site.,我們用的混凝土是在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的間歇式轉(zhuǎn)筒攪拌機(jī)中攪拌的。,2.Quality of concrete depends on proper placing,finishing,and curing.,混凝土的質(zhì)量取決于適當(dāng)?shù)墓嘧?、抹光和養(yǎng)護(hù)。,3.T

2、he workers tend to start the final finishing now.,工人們現(xiàn)在打算開始最后的抹光作業(yè)。,4.The concrete can be made stronger by pre-stressing in our factory.,在我們廠里可以使混凝土通過(guò)預(yù)加應(yīng)力得到增強(qiáng)。,Chapter 6,2ConversationChapter 6,5.Most of construction material can be tested in our laboratory.,我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以檢驗(yàn)大部分建筑材料。,6.We shall finish the c

3、ivil work by the end of the year.,在年底前我們將完成土建工作。,Cement steel and timber are the most important construction materials used in civil engineering.,水泥、鋼材和木材是土建工程中最重要的建筑材料。,7.These are the anchor bolts(rivets,unfinished bolts,high-strength structural bolts)for the structure.,這是用于結(jié)構(gòu)的錨定螺栓（鉚釘、粗制螺栓、高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)用螺

4、栓）。,3,5.Most of construction mater,4,8.The holes of anchor bolts will be grouted with normal(Portland,non-shrinkage)cement mortar.,這些地腳螺孔將灌入普通（波特蘭，無(wú)收縮）水泥砂漿。,9.We usually measure the strength of concrete at 28 days after which has been cast.,我們通常在混凝土灌注后,28,天測(cè)定其強(qiáng)度。,10.The average compressive strength

5、of samples is 500kg/cm,2,.,試樣的平均抗壓強(qiáng)度為,500,公斤,/,平方厘米,Chapter 6,48.The holes of anchor bolts,5,Text,Reinforced concrete is,concrete,in which reinforcement bars(“,rebars,”),（鋼筋）,reinforcement grids,（鋼筋網(wǎng)）,plates,or,fibers,have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in,tension,.It was invented by,F

6、rench,gardener,Joseph Monier,in 1849 and,patented,in 1867.The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel.,鋼筋混凝土是由混凝土，鋼筋（鋼筋），鋼筋網(wǎng)（鋼筋網(wǎng)），鋼板網(wǎng)，鋼板或纖維組成，這些被用來(lái)加強(qiáng)混凝土的張力。它由法國(guó)園丁約瑟夫,莫尼爾于,1849,年發(fā)明，并于,1867,年獲得專利?；炷羶H指用鋼或鋼加固的混凝土。,Chapter 6,5Text Chapter 6,Other materials used

7、to reinforce concrete can be organic and inorganic fibres as well as,composites,in different forms.Concrete is strong in,compression,but weak in tension,thus adding reinforcement increases the strength in tension.In addition,the failure strain of concrete in tension is so low that the reinforcement

8、has to hold the cracked sections together.For a strong,ductile and durable construction the reinforcement shall have the following properties:,其他用于加固混凝土的材料可以是有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)纖維以及不同形式的復(fù)合材料。混凝土壓縮強(qiáng)度大，但抗拉性弱，因此加入鋼筋可增加抗拉強(qiáng)度。另外，混凝土的拉伸破壞應(yīng)變很小，依靠鋼筋拉力來(lái)控制裂縫。對(duì)于堅(jiān)固，延展性和耐用的結(jié)構(gòu)，鋼筋應(yīng)具有以下特性：,6,Other materials used to reinfo,7,High

9、strength,高強(qiáng)度,High tensile strain,高拉伸應(yīng)變,Good bond to the concrete,與混凝土結(jié)合良好,Thermal compatibility,熱兼容性,Durability in the concrete environment,在具體環(huán)境中的耐久性,Chapter 6,7High strength Chapter 6,In most cases reinforced concrete uses steel rebars that have been inserted to add strength.,在大多數(shù)情況下，鋼筋混凝土采用鋼筋加入以增

10、加強(qiáng)度。,Use in construction,Concrete is reinforced to give it extra tensile strength;without reinforcement,many concrete buildings would not have been possible.,增強(qiáng)混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度,;,沒(méi)有鋼筋水泥，許多混凝土建筑物將不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。,8,In most cases reinforced concr,Reinforced concrete can encompass many types of structures and components

11、,including,slabs,walls,beams,columns,foundations,frames,and more.,鋼筋混凝土可以包括許多類型的結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)件，包括平板，墻，梁，立柱，基礎(chǔ)，框架等等。,Reinforced concrete can be classified as,precast,or,cast in-situ concrete,.,鋼筋混凝土可以分為預(yù)制或現(xiàn)澆混凝土。,9,Reinforced concrete can encomp,Much of the focus on reinforcing concrete is placed on,floor,syst

12、ems.Designing and implementing the most efficient floor system is a key to creating optimal building structures.Small changes in the design of a floor system can have significant impact on material costs,construction schedule,ultimate strength,operating costs,occupancy levels and end use of a buildi

13、ng.,大部分建筑注重加強(qiáng)混凝土的地板系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施最高效的地板系統(tǒng)是創(chuàng)建最佳建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵。地板系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的微小變化會(huì)對(duì)建筑物的材料成本，施工進(jìn)度，最終強(qiáng)度，運(yùn)營(yíng)成本，入住率和最終用途產(chǎn)生重大影響。,10,Much of the focus on reinforci,11,Behavior,（性能）,of reinforced concrete,Materials,Concrete is a mixture of of Coarse(stone or brick chips)and Fine(generally sand)aggregates with a binder material(u

14、sually,Portland cement,).When mixed with a small amount of water,the cement,hydrates,form microscopic opaque crystal lattices encapsulating and locking the aggregate into a rigid structure.,混凝土是粗粒（石塊或磚塊）和細(xì)粒（通常是沙粒）與粘結(jié)材料（通常是波特蘭水泥）的混合物。當(dāng)與少量水混合時(shí)，水泥水合物形成微觀不透明晶格，將聚集體封裝并鎖定在剛性結(jié)構(gòu)中。,Chapter 6,11Behavior（性能）of

15、 reinforced co,Typical concrete mixes have high resistance to,compressive,stresses,(about 4,000psi(28MPa);however,any appreciable,tension,(e.g.,due to,bending,)will break the microscopic rigid lattice,resulting in cracking and separation of the concrete.For this reason,typical non-reinforced concret

16、e must be well supported to prevent the development of tension.,典型的混凝土混合料對(duì)壓縮應(yīng)力具有很高的抵抗力（約,4,000 psi,（,28 MPa,）,;,然而，任何可觀的張力（例如由于彎曲）都會(huì)破壞微觀的剛性格子，導(dǎo)致混凝土開裂和分離。出于這個(gè)原因，典型的無(wú)筋混凝土必須被很好地支撐以防止張力的發(fā)展。,12,Typical concrete mixes have hi,13,If a material with high strength in tension,such as,steel,is placed in concrete,then the composite material,reinforced concrete,resists not only compression but also bending and other direct tensile actions.A reinforced concrete section where the concrete resists the compressi