雙腔鄂式破碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
雙腔鄂式破碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),雙腔鄂式破碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),雙腔鄂式,破碎,設(shè)計(jì)
湖南冶金職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院-機(jī)械工程系-畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)雙腔鄂式破碎機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)目錄第一部分 破碎設(shè)備的概述 (1)一 破碎機(jī)的概念及應(yīng)用(1)二 國(guó)內(nèi)外鄂式破碎機(jī)現(xiàn)狀(3)三 破碎機(jī)的發(fā)展前景(4)第二部分 2PE250X500雙腔鄂式破碎機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) (5)一 總體方案設(shè)計(jì)(5)三 破碎機(jī)部分參數(shù)的選定(6)四 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇與確定(7)五 破碎機(jī)生產(chǎn)率的計(jì)算(9)六 傳動(dòng)帶的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 (10)七 機(jī)構(gòu)受力分析 (13)八 偏心軸和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 (16)九 軸承的使用壽命計(jì)算 (20)第三部分 結(jié)論 (21)第四部分 典型零件的加工工藝(22)一 偏心軸和機(jī)械加工藝流程 (22)二 定鄂機(jī)械加工工藝 (23)第五部分 參考文獻(xiàn) (24)一.破碎設(shè)備的概述(一) 破碎機(jī)的概念與應(yīng)用物料破碎,幾乎是所有的礦山,礦物加工及土石質(zhì)原料加工中關(guān)鍵的工藝過(guò)程,而其中的破碎設(shè)備是關(guān)鍵設(shè)備.破碎設(shè)備的種類繁多,人們多按工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)特征可分為:(1)顎式破碎機(jī);(2)旋回破碎機(jī)和圓錐破碎機(jī);(3)輥式破碎機(jī);(4)沖擊式破碎機(jī)錘式破碎機(jī)和反擊式破碎機(jī).顎式破碎機(jī)由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,工作可靠,制造維護(hù)容易,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),成本低,高度不大等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山,冶金,建筑材料,化工,交通等行業(yè).在顎式破碎機(jī)中被破碎的巖石是在兩塊顎板之間進(jìn)行的.可動(dòng)顎板在原動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)下,繞懸掛心軸對(duì)固定顎板作周期性擺動(dòng),當(dāng)可動(dòng)顎板靠近固定板時(shí),位于破碎腔的巖石在重力作用下經(jīng)排礦口排出,大于排礦口寬度的巖石仍然留在破碎腔里,在下一工作循環(huán)中繼續(xù)被破碎.顎式破碎機(jī)是品種規(guī)格及其使用數(shù)量最多的一種破碎設(shè)備,按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為復(fù)擺式,簡(jiǎn)擺式,外動(dòng)顎式勻擺,雙腔雙動(dòng)顎等幾種形式.在顎式破碎機(jī)的發(fā)展中,根據(jù)可動(dòng)顎板運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的不同,顎式破碎機(jī)分為簡(jiǎn)單擺動(dòng)顎式破碎機(jī)和復(fù)雜擺動(dòng)破碎機(jī).所謂簡(jiǎn)單擺動(dòng),是指可動(dòng)顎板的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是一般簡(jiǎn)單的圓弧;所謂復(fù)雜擺動(dòng),是指可動(dòng)顎板在縱向斷面內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡處處不同,其上部近似為圓形,下部為橢圓開.后者運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡較前者復(fù)雜,簡(jiǎn)擺顎式破碎機(jī)主要用于對(duì)物料的粗碎,具有破碎力大,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),但其結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,生產(chǎn)能力相對(duì)較低.復(fù)擺顎式破碎機(jī)用于對(duì)物料的中,細(xì)碎,具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,生產(chǎn)能力較高,對(duì)物料擠壓和磨削作用較好,破碎產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量高等特點(diǎn),但襯板易磨損.從運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)方面來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)顎上部行程較大,可以滿足礦石破碎時(shí)所需要的壓縮量,同時(shí)動(dòng)顎向下運(yùn)動(dòng),又有促進(jìn)排礦的作用.故其生產(chǎn)效率比簡(jiǎn)擺顎式破碎機(jī)高30%左右.雖然復(fù)擺顎式破碎機(jī)應(yīng)用廣泛,優(yōu)點(diǎn)很多,但也存在著一些缺點(diǎn).復(fù)擺顎式破碎機(jī)垂直行程大(如果用X來(lái)代表動(dòng)顎水平行程,則動(dòng)顎垂直行程為2.5X).平衡性差,在破碎礦石時(shí),即壓碎礦石的同時(shí)又向下搓,致使顎板磨損加劇,非生產(chǎn)性消耗增加,產(chǎn)品存在過(guò)粉碎現(xiàn)象.圖2-2是簡(jiǎn)單擺動(dòng)顎式破碎機(jī)的外形構(gòu)造圖.它的主要要作機(jī)構(gòu)是固定顎板1和可動(dòng)顎板2.可動(dòng)顎板的擺動(dòng)是靠雙肘桿機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,雙肘桿機(jī)構(gòu)是由偏心軸4,連桿5,前肘板6,組成.連桿支承在偏心軸上,偏心軸在原動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)下隨大皮帶輪7一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),推動(dòng)連桿上下運(yùn)動(dòng).再帶動(dòng)前后肘板上下擺動(dòng),從而使可動(dòng)顎板產(chǎn)生張繞動(dòng)顎軸的擺動(dòng),完成對(duì)巖石的破碎.在實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)中,固定顎板和可動(dòng)顎板都襯有耐磨性好的高錳鋼制成的破碎板.為提高破碎效果,兩破碎板的表面均鑄有縱向齒紋.且凹凸相對(duì),這樣對(duì)巖石除產(chǎn)生擠壓作用外,還有劈裂,彎曲作用.圖2-3是復(fù)雜擺動(dòng)顎式破碎機(jī)的外形結(jié)構(gòu)圖.該機(jī)比簡(jiǎn)單擺動(dòng)顎式破碎機(jī)簡(jiǎn)單.可動(dòng)板1直接懸掛在偏心軸2上,省掉了連桿和前肘板,可動(dòng)顎板下部直接由肘板3支撐到機(jī)架上.在原動(dòng)機(jī)4的驅(qū)動(dòng)下,偏心軸按逆時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn),從而帶動(dòng)可動(dòng)顎板作復(fù)雜擺動(dòng).由于可動(dòng)顎板直接懸掛在偏心軸上,故可動(dòng)顎板上部水平行程較大,正好滿足破碎腔上部多為大塊巖石,需要較大壓縮量的要求,且可動(dòng)顎板向下運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)有促進(jìn)排礦的作用.因此,復(fù)雜擺動(dòng)顎式破碎機(jī)的生產(chǎn)率比簡(jiǎn)單擺動(dòng)顎式破碎機(jī)高30%左右;當(dāng)產(chǎn)量相同時(shí),機(jī)器重量約輕2030%.所以,前者多制成中小型機(jī)器,用于中硬巖石破碎;后者多制成大型機(jī)器,用于堅(jiān)硬巖石的粗碎.顎式破碎機(jī)存在著能耗高等不足,因此研制能耗低,處理量大的新型顎式破碎機(jī)仍是重要的課題.雙腔并聯(lián)顎式破碎機(jī)(二).國(guó)內(nèi)外顎式破碎機(jī)現(xiàn)狀近年來(lái),在”多碎少礳”原則指導(dǎo)下顎式破碎機(jī)向高效,節(jié)能方向發(fā)展.美國(guó)Alis-chalmer公司的S-T型復(fù)擺式顎式破碎機(jī),采用高深度破碎腔,小嚙合角,排口處襯板表面為曲線型,形成非堵塞式破碎腔.兩襯板在排料處的表面形狀能使破碎力與物料垂直,從而減少了在排料口處物料打滑現(xiàn)象.該機(jī)產(chǎn)量高,產(chǎn)品粒度細(xì),電耗低.日前日本,加拿大,澳大利亞等國(guó)也購(gòu)得了生產(chǎn)權(quán),均有產(chǎn)品供應(yīng).芬蘭kone公司開了了BLM系列負(fù)支承顎式破碎機(jī).動(dòng)顎在壓碎行程時(shí)有一向下運(yùn)動(dòng)分量,可加快破碎物料向下運(yùn)動(dòng).減少堵塞,并可降低襯板的磨損,提高生不能力,降低產(chǎn)品粒度.北京人民礦山機(jī)械廠生產(chǎn)的150X750型和250X750型細(xì)碎顎式破碎機(jī),在山東蠶莊金礦使用表明:當(dāng)排礦口為16mm時(shí),產(chǎn)品中小于16mm粒級(jí)含量占60%.目前,該廠對(duì)破碎腔進(jìn)行改造后其生產(chǎn)能力提高了1525%,產(chǎn)品粒度進(jìn)一步降低,襯板使用壽命提高一倍.上海多靈機(jī)械公司生產(chǎn)的三種PEX型深腔顎式破碎機(jī),已形成細(xì)碎顎式破碎機(jī)新系列,并有產(chǎn)品銷往國(guó)外.經(jīng)北京礦冶研究院對(duì)該死機(jī)腔形成優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),使該系列新產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力提高1525%,產(chǎn)品粒度進(jìn)一步降低,襯板壽命提高一倍以上.北京礦冶研究院總院開發(fā)的雙腔雙動(dòng)顎顎式破碎機(jī),具有獨(dú)特的單,雙耳軸承鑲嵌式動(dòng)顎結(jié)構(gòu),一根軸同時(shí)帶動(dòng)顎工作,充分利用破碎機(jī)空行程的蓄能作用,可提高生產(chǎn)能力.負(fù)支承,零懸掛,高深曲線破碎腔,碎碎比較大,產(chǎn)品粒度小而均勻,襯板壽命長(zhǎng),電耗低,排礦口調(diào)整方便.1995年9月張家口建筑水泥廠采用PLR-1580型機(jī)作預(yù)粉碎,產(chǎn)品粒度小于10mm,便磨機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力提高了30%,單位電耗降低了20%以上.但其軸太長(zhǎng),相當(dāng)有兩個(gè)偏心,設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候要考慮不良因素大多,而且其加工工藝麻煩.國(guó)內(nèi)破碎機(jī)年產(chǎn)量約一萬(wàn)多臺(tái),一些生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定,水平不斷提高的廠家每年向南非的一些國(guó)家出口一定數(shù)量破碎機(jī).復(fù)擺式破碎機(jī)是我國(guó)中小礦山及其它有關(guān)企業(yè)普遍采用的機(jī)型,但其技術(shù)指標(biāo)太落后于國(guó)外同類產(chǎn)品的水平,就其結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)國(guó)外50年代的產(chǎn)品,顎式破碎機(jī)分為大,中,小三類.為了降低大型破碎機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)功率消耗,我國(guó)還生產(chǎn)了分段起動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)單擺式顎式破碎機(jī),它是在偏心軸的兩端設(shè)計(jì)了液壓摩擦離合器,機(jī)器起動(dòng)時(shí)依次分段起動(dòng)機(jī)器各部件.顎式破碎機(jī)存在著能耗高等不足,因此研制能耗低,處理量大的新型顎式破碎機(jī)仍是重要的課題.因此,盡快改變這一狀況,實(shí)現(xiàn)多碎磨,生產(chǎn)率高,提高生產(chǎn)能力,降低作業(yè)能耗已勢(shì)在必行.(三).破碎機(jī)的發(fā)展前景據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)黑色,有色,化工,建材等行業(yè),每年破碎礦石和各種物料絕跡18億t,用電量為250300億千瓦時(shí),占全國(guó)總用電量的8%10%,鋼耗約為250萬(wàn)t.在金屬選礦中,破碎作業(yè)的能耗占選礦總能耗的40%70%,僅襯板每年消耗的高錳鋼約過(guò)6萬(wàn)t.隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,對(duì)各種礦產(chǎn)品需求不斷增加,由于破碎機(jī)是破碎機(jī)械中使用量電大,范圍電廣的一種破碎機(jī)械,故其有著廣闊的市場(chǎng)空間和潛在的市場(chǎng)發(fā)展力.在”多碎少磨”原則指導(dǎo)下,從90年代起,破碎設(shè)備正向細(xì)碎,高效和節(jié)能型發(fā)展.雙腔顎式破碎低矮的外形降低了整體的重心,使其具有更好的穩(wěn)定性和通過(guò)性,除井下和隧道等空間受限制的場(chǎng)合使用外,還特別適合于安裝在移動(dòng)的車上,根據(jù)不同的工藝流程組裝成各種移動(dòng)式破式篩分設(shè)備,滿足不同的用戶需求.雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)憑借著在節(jié)能高效和產(chǎn)中粒度圴勻等方面的無(wú)比倫比的優(yōu)勢(shì).在寵大的破碎市場(chǎng)上將會(huì)占有一席之地.有望在占有國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的同時(shí),走出國(guó)門,面向世界.二2PE250500雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)(一) 總體方案的設(shè)計(jì)顎式破碎機(jī)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮其生產(chǎn)能力,功耗,機(jī)重及顎板壽命等綜合指標(biāo)。由于破碎機(jī)的工作繁重,工作條件苛刻,且受力情況復(fù)雜,為了保證破碎機(jī)在工作中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常,則在設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)使其滿足以下要求:安全,衛(wèi)生環(huán)保,節(jié)能。1. 設(shè)計(jì)的總體要求本設(shè)計(jì)2PE250X500是傳統(tǒng)復(fù)擺顎式破碎機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上采用了新的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),將單腔改為對(duì)稱式的雙腔,工作時(shí)一腔進(jìn)行破碎,另一腔進(jìn)行排礦工作。這樣,在一個(gè)工作周期內(nèi),該破碎機(jī)總共進(jìn)行了兩次破碎和排礦工作,在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)量是普通單腔顎式破碎機(jī)的兩倍。生產(chǎn)效得到極大的提高,同時(shí)有效地降低了單位產(chǎn)量的功率消耗,兩個(gè)破碎腔可以并聯(lián)和串聯(lián)使用。.該破碎機(jī)由電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)皮帶輪,飛輪,偏心軸,動(dòng)額等部件,使動(dòng)額運(yùn)動(dòng).。在定顎與動(dòng)顎的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)中,以小偏心,高擺動(dòng)頻率將物料多次破碎。雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)有2個(gè)破碎腔,是在普通顎式破碎機(jī)活動(dòng)顎板的另一端增加一個(gè)破碎腔。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)下,破碎機(jī)可在雙工作行程狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。當(dāng)曲柄在角度a范圍回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),破碎腔I進(jìn)行物料破碎,而破碎腔II進(jìn)行排料;當(dāng)曲柄轉(zhuǎn)支360a范圍時(shí),破碎腔II進(jìn)行破碎,破碎腔I進(jìn)行排料,如此往復(fù)循環(huán)。這種形式的破碎機(jī)不存在空行程的能量消耗,同時(shí),破碎機(jī)的處理能力將提高1倍,因此可以說(shuō),雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)真正提高了破碎效率。2. 設(shè)計(jì)方案的比較及選取雙腔可分為串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)兩種方式,于是設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思分為破碎腔串聯(lián),破碎腔并聯(lián).方案一;此種方案的兩個(gè)破碎腔在偏心軸的一側(cè),兩破碎腔串聯(lián)在一起,其示意圖如圖1-1所示。圖1-1雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)雙腔串聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖由圖可以看出,顎式破碎機(jī)在一個(gè)工作周期內(nèi),相當(dāng)于轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)了兩個(gè)偏心,當(dāng)動(dòng)力經(jīng)皮帶輪帶帶動(dòng)偏心軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),兩破碎腔可以交替破碎物料,破碎機(jī)可以近似的看成是連續(xù)工作的狀態(tài)。- 4 -但此種破碎機(jī)由于偏心軸太長(zhǎng),受力不均勻,有很大的震動(dòng),浙江礦山機(jī)械廠生產(chǎn)過(guò)類似的產(chǎn)品,由于存在以上的缺陷。市場(chǎng)形式不好,從某種程度上說(shuō),這種機(jī)型將被淘汰。方案二:如圖所示1-2圖1-2雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)雙腔并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖由圖可以看出,該設(shè)計(jì)采用對(duì)稱雙腔結(jié)構(gòu),并要發(fā)破碎和排礦同時(shí)進(jìn)行,故兩動(dòng)顎均要安裝在同根偏心軸上,為了增強(qiáng)剛度,將兩動(dòng)顎做成相互固定的結(jié)構(gòu),由于在雙動(dòng)顎間安裝肘板很不方便,所以將兩個(gè)肘板安裝在定顎的后面,這樣,動(dòng)顎下端的支撐就失去了,為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,將偏心的位置下移,用于實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)顎下部的支撐。動(dòng)顎上部的支撐由搖桿和銷軸來(lái)完成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn):它結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,簡(jiǎn)單。該設(shè)計(jì)具有一個(gè)雙腔結(jié)構(gòu),兩塊齒板固定在一個(gè)動(dòng)顎上,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,度使破碎成為一個(gè)連續(xù)過(guò)程,兩個(gè)破碎腔并聯(lián)使用。其破碎產(chǎn)品粒度均勻,呈立方狀,可在雙工作行程狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行,不存單腔破碎機(jī)空行程的能量消耗。綜合比較上述的兩種方案,可以看出第二種方案設(shè)計(jì)的顎式破碎機(jī)處理能力大,單位功率消耗低,丙塊齒板固定在一個(gè)動(dòng)顎上,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,并聯(lián)使用可提高產(chǎn)能力,機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)安全可靠。處理能力大幅度提高,單位功率大幅度降低,金屬單耗小。(二) 部分參數(shù)的選定 因?yàn)樵撛O(shè)計(jì)是在動(dòng)顎作復(fù)雜擺動(dòng)的曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)顎式破碎機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)的,故其四桿機(jī)構(gòu)是依照復(fù)擺顎式機(jī)的算法來(lái)確定的。而破式破碎機(jī)的主體機(jī)構(gòu)是一平面曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)。因此,此設(shè)計(jì)方案的成功與否,其關(guān)鍵在于四桿機(jī)構(gòu)的形式,應(yīng)對(duì)顎式破碎機(jī)的四桿機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化處理,使各桿件的匹配更加合理,獲得最佳特性,從而達(dá)到提高生產(chǎn)能力,降低下端特性值的目的。1. 排料口寬度b及公稱破碎比I已知破碎機(jī)的寬度為B=250mm,調(diào)整范圍為(1/71/10)B=2536mm1,確定破碎腔的開邊制公稱排料口寬度為b=30mm.;所以,該破碎機(jī)的公稱破碎比i=B/b=250/30=82. 嚙合角a破碎機(jī)的動(dòng)顎與定顎襯板之間的夾角稱為嚙合角。當(dāng)破碎礦塊時(shí),必須使礦石不向上滑動(dòng),也不從破碎腔的給礦口跳出來(lái)。為此,嚙角應(yīng)該保證礦石塊與顎板工作表面間產(chǎn)生足夠的摩擦力以阻止礦石被推出去。 顎式破碎機(jī)的嚙角一般在1724度,對(duì)于復(fù)擺型顎式破碎機(jī),嚙角不應(yīng)大于2022度。在此取a=203. 破碎腔高度H在嚙角一定的情況下,破碎腔的高度由所要求和破碎比而定,通常,破碎腔的高度,H=(2.252.5)B.(礦山機(jī)械選礦部分 冶金工業(yè)出版社),B為給礦寬度。取H=600mm.4. 動(dòng)腔的擺動(dòng)行程s與偏心軸的偏心距r簡(jiǎn)單擺動(dòng)破碎機(jī)上端擺動(dòng)行程小而下端擺動(dòng)行程大,復(fù)擺破碎機(jī)是上端大而下端小.通常復(fù)擺式s=(1215)mm.取s=15mm.動(dòng)腔下端擺動(dòng)行程不得大于排料口的(0.30.4)即sl=(0.30.4)b=912,取sl=12mm.偏心軸的偏心距通常復(fù)雜擺動(dòng)是:s=(22.2)r,取r=7mm. (礦山機(jī)械選礦部分 冶金工業(yè)出版社)5. 連桿長(zhǎng)度l及推力板長(zhǎng)度k l=(0.850.9)L=425450 (礦山機(jī)械選礦部分 冶金工業(yè)出版社) 取l=440mm k=(16.525)r=115.5175(礦山機(jī)械選礦部分 冶金工業(yè)出版社) 取k=150mm(三) 電動(dòng)機(jī)選擇與確定1. 動(dòng)腔的擺動(dòng)次數(shù)(主軸的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù))根據(jù)公式(礦山機(jī)械選礦部分 冶金工業(yè)出版社)s:動(dòng)腔下端的擺動(dòng)行程(cm)n:主軸轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)a:排料層平均嚙角(度)取最優(yōu)值a=14 =303 (r/min)2. 電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率 在顎式破碎機(jī)的破碎過(guò)程中,其功率消耗與轉(zhuǎn)速,規(guī)格尺寸,排料口寬度,嚙角大小及被破碎礦石的物理機(jī)械性質(zhì)和粒度特性有關(guān)。破碎機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速愈高,機(jī)械尺寸愈大,功率消耗就越大;破碎比愈大,功率消耗也愈大。但是,對(duì)功率消耗影響最大的還是礦石的物理機(jī)械性質(zhì)。由于功率消耗與多因素有關(guān),現(xiàn)在尚無(wú)一個(gè)完整的理論公式能精確地計(jì)算出破碎機(jī)地功率消耗。下面的是在實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)出來(lái)和計(jì)算公式P=18LHrn(kw) (礦山機(jī)械選礦部分 冶金工業(yè)出版社)式中:L:破碎腔的長(zhǎng)度(m)H:固定顎板的計(jì)算高度(m)r:主軸偏心距(m)n:主軸轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min) =11.45(kw)3. 電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速通常帶傳動(dòng)比I=24,取I=3,電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速n。=n*I=303*3=909(r/min)4. 選取電動(dòng)機(jī)根據(jù)上述的電動(dòng)機(jī)功率,轉(zhuǎn)速及其工作環(huán)境.為了安全選擇,電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率提高1.11.25倍感.所以P*1.25=14.31kw選擇查表12-1(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì))Y180L-6(三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)).電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)額定功率/kw滿載轉(zhuǎn)速/(r/min)堵轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)矩最大轉(zhuǎn)矩Y180L-6159702.02.0(四).破碎生產(chǎn)率 生產(chǎn)率是指在一定的給料粒度和排料粒度條件下,單位時(shí)間內(nèi)破碎機(jī)所處理物料量(Kg/h或m3/h).根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)工式式中 1礦石松散比重,一般取1=0.650.75取=0.7n:主軸轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)L:破碎腔的長(zhǎng)度(m)b:排料料公稱寬度(m)s:動(dòng)腔下端的擺動(dòng)行程(m) =10.07(m3/h)(五).傳動(dòng)帶的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 傳動(dòng)比公式I=n。/n 取I=3,n。=I*n=3*303=9095. 確定計(jì)算功率Pca=Ka*PP:皮帶傳動(dòng)的額定功率Ka:工作狀況系數(shù),在此取Ka=1.4;(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))Pca=Ka*P=15*1.4=21(kw)6. 選擇帶型破碎機(jī)在工作時(shí),所受載荷變化很大,有沖擊載荷和脈動(dòng)循環(huán);并且使其皮帶輪的飛輪的傳動(dòng)較大。兩傳動(dòng)軸間距離要求甚遠(yuǎn)。其工作環(huán)境惡劣。對(duì)傳動(dòng)系數(shù)折磨損較大,所以在本設(shè)計(jì)中選用帶傳動(dòng)方式。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:傳動(dòng)帶具有彈性,能對(duì)破碎機(jī)工作是產(chǎn)生的沖擊進(jìn)行一定程度的吸收,使傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn),保護(hù)電機(jī);皮帶可以在皮帶輪上打滑,具備一定的過(guò)載保護(hù)能力??稍煊谥行木噍^大的傳動(dòng)。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,造價(jià)低廉,更換方便,并且安裝精度要求不高,適合采礦作業(yè)。根據(jù)計(jì)算功率和電動(dòng)機(jī)的小帶輪轉(zhuǎn)速n。=970r/min查表(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)p201)選取C型V帶7. 確定帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑 初選小帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑, 由圖11-8,推薦值為200315mm及表11-8(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))初選d1=250mm.d 2=d1*I=250*3=750(mm)依表11-8(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))選取d 2=710mm 驗(yàn)算帶和速度v =12.69(m/s)在(525)(m/s)范圍內(nèi).故所選皮帶的速度合適8. 確定中心距a和帶和的基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度L d 根據(jù) 0.7(d1+d 2)a。2(d1+d 2) 0.7(250+710)a。2(250+710) 672a。1920 初選a。=1300mm 計(jì)算帶長(zhǎng)L =4148(mm) 確定Ld根據(jù)L。和V帶型號(hào),由表11-2(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)) Ld=4500mm 確定實(shí)際中心距a =1476mm 驗(yàn)算小帶輪上的包角1 =180-18 =162120(符合包角要求) 9. 確定皮帶根數(shù)Z 式中;P。:單根V帶額定功率 P。:單根V帶基本功率增量Ka:包角系數(shù)Kl:長(zhǎng)度系數(shù)查表11-4 P。=7.04(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))查表11-5 P。=0.83(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))查表11-6 Ka=0.95(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))查表11-2 Kl=1.04(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)) =2.70 取Z=3(根)10. 確定帶的預(yù)緊力F。 =450.0+48.31=498.31(N)11. 計(jì)算V帶對(duì)軸的壓力Q =2*3*472.8*sin81=2802(N)12. 帶輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)帶輪寬B=(Z-1)e+2f式中查表11-3(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))E=25.50.5(mm) (mm)Z=3B=(3-1)*25.5+2*17 =85(mm) 因帶輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),主要是根據(jù)帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑選擇結(jié)構(gòu)形式。該帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑dd300mm,所以帶輪采用鑄鐵帶輪的典型結(jié)構(gòu)之一:腹板式(參考:機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)193)根據(jù)以上條件查表21-2(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì))得V帶輪:C型槽數(shù)Z輪緣寬B(mm)基準(zhǔn)直系dd(mm)孔徑d0(mm)轂長(zhǎng)L(mm)38571095120(六).機(jī)構(gòu)受力分析破碎力的計(jì)算破碎機(jī)的破碎力是計(jì)算機(jī)器各個(gè)零件強(qiáng)度和剛度的原始數(shù)據(jù)。破碎力的大小與很多因素有關(guān),因而確定破碎力的方法也很多,概括起來(lái)有以下幾種方法:(?。├碚撚?jì)算法;()功耗計(jì)算法;()實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)算法。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)多采用實(shí)驗(yàn)分析法來(lái)確定破碎機(jī)破碎力的大小。根據(jù)對(duì)復(fù)擺顎式破碎機(jī)的固定顎板和動(dòng)顎的實(shí)際受力測(cè)定,在破碎機(jī)動(dòng)顎上所產(chǎn)生的破碎力系與礦塊縱斷面積成正比。因此,作用在動(dòng)顎上的最大破碎力可以按下式計(jì)算:max=40.2LH式中:L,H:破碎腔的長(zhǎng)度和高度(單位cm)當(dāng)計(jì)算破碎機(jī)零件強(qiáng)度時(shí),考慮沖擊載荷的影響,應(yīng)將max增大50%.故破碎機(jī)的計(jì)算破碎力為:js=1.5Pmaxjx=1.5*40.2*60*50 =180900(N)2.機(jī)械受力分析機(jī)械受力示意圖如圖圖1-3機(jī)構(gòu)受力分析如圖對(duì)點(diǎn)受力cb進(jìn)行受力分析,可得;cb:肘板對(duì)物料的作用力;:cb對(duì)動(dòng)顎的垂直分力;:cb對(duì)動(dòng)顎的水平分力;對(duì)點(diǎn)取受力矩平衡方程式,可得:jsLm=T1aPjs:物料對(duì)動(dòng)顎的作用力;將兩式綜合可得:=78716(N) 得: =50598(N)同理,對(duì)點(diǎn)受力hd進(jìn)行受力分析,可得:hd:動(dòng)顎偏心軸的軸承反力對(duì)點(diǎn)取力距平衡方程式,可得:a=Pjs(a-Lm) R1:Rhd對(duì)動(dòng)顎的垂直分力若沿動(dòng)顎方向取受力平衡方程式,可得:;:hd對(duì)動(dòng)顎的水平分力由兩式可得: =T2=50598(N);由式可得:=120600(N);將代入式可得: =130784(N) (七).偏心軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算顎式破碎機(jī)的偏心軸是一個(gè)傳遞扭矩,且兩軸承支承間為偏心結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)軸。對(duì)于它的可靠性設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)際上就是根據(jù)預(yù)先擬定的結(jié)構(gòu)方案,確定一組直徑,使之既能滿足強(qiáng)度,剛度要求,又能滿足可靠性要求,而且重量輕和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最好,發(fā)求得技術(shù)上先進(jìn),經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理。1 偏心軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 軸的輸入?yún)?shù)的計(jì)算 V帶的傳動(dòng)效率為0.920.97現(xiàn)取=0。95 軸的輸入功率為:P=Pca 軸的輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩為:; (1) 初步確定軸的最小直徑(參考:機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))式中:A:與軸材料有關(guān)的系數(shù)其值可查表15-2取A=110 P:傳遞的功率 n:軸的轉(zhuǎn)速 =44.4(mm) 考慮到軸上鍵槽會(huì)消弱軸的強(qiáng)度,若為單鍵,則應(yīng)將上述計(jì)算值dmin增大5%左右;若為雙鍵,應(yīng)將上述計(jì)算值dmin增大10%左右。該設(shè)計(jì)軸為單鍵所以將上述計(jì)算的dmin增大5%,得44.41.05=46.6mm初定偏心軸的形狀如下:圖1-4 (2)確定軸的各段直徑及長(zhǎng)度 外伸端直徑d 1=d0=95mm(該軸段與V帶輪直接相配合,這里已經(jīng)選取d0=95mm) 所以基外伸端l1=L+(13mm)=120+(13)mm;取L1=123mm 由圖可知其軸承安裝在L3,L5上,在L3段和 L5段,軸承與其直接配合,所以知L3=B=58mm d5=d=160mm;由圖1-4可知,L4段與L7段采用軸肩定位,一般軸肩高h(yuǎn)確定經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式為:h0.07d 代入數(shù)據(jù)可得:h19.1,取h1=10h211.2mm,取h2=12mm,所以d6=d5+2 h2=160+2*12=184mm;考慮偏心距e=9mm 取d4=142mm 動(dòng)顎軸承采用聯(lián)合式迷宮環(huán)密封,并用套筒軸向定位。初步取密封裝置長(zhǎng)為44mm,則L5=B+44=86+44=130mm; 因?yàn)槠扑榍婚L(zhǎng)L=500mm,所以2*l5+L6L 即L6240mm L6兩端各留5mm縫隙位置,考慮拆裝方便,且在其與動(dòng)顎軸承密封裝置之間加一套筒,兼起軸向定位作用。套筒長(zhǎng)為30mm.則取l6=160mm 取密封裝置同前一樣長(zhǎng)為44mm,套筒長(zhǎng)為30mm,可得:L4=44+30=74mm; L2為螺紋段 ,安裝大小圓螺母,止退墊片,聯(lián)合式迷宮環(huán)和機(jī)架端蓋,迷宮環(huán)起軸承定位作用,取其總長(zhǎng)為74mm,所以L2=74mm取d2=110mm. 綜上所述,偏心軸的總長(zhǎng)為:Lall=2(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5)+L6 =2(123+74+46+74+130)+160 =1054(mm) 軸的各段數(shù)值如下圖所示: (3) 偏心軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 A.作出軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖在破碎工作時(shí),破碎力通過(guò)動(dòng)顎軸承傳到偏心軸上,由于該破碎力很大,軸上其實(shí)零件傳遞的栽荷相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)就顯提微不足道了,所以計(jì)算時(shí)即可把這些載荷忽略不計(jì),而只考慮破碎力的作用。破碎力平均分布在兩個(gè)動(dòng)顎軸承上,分別用F1,F(xiàn)2來(lái)表示;機(jī)架軸承要當(dāng)于兩個(gè)支座,對(duì)偏心軸具有支座反力的作用,分別用R1,R2來(lái)表示;機(jī)架軸承載荷的作用點(diǎn)與動(dòng)顎軸承載荷作用點(diǎn)間的距離用L表示。偏心軸的載荷受力分析如圖1-3所示。 1-5偏心軸的載荷分析圖經(jīng)分析可知,該軸在工作的過(guò)程中主要承受彎矩,所以下面按彎曲強(qiáng)度條件進(jìn)行校核。F1=F2=R1=R2=P/2=120600/2=60300NB作出軸所受的彎距和扭矩圖由上圖可知偏心軸在垂直水平的方向不受力,故不產(chǎn)生彎矩,因而偏心軸只產(chǎn)生水平方向上的彎矩Mh.故偏心軸所受總彎距Mh=M.偏心軸上所受的扭矩為電動(dòng)機(jī)傳遞扭矩,皮帶輪和飛輪產(chǎn)生的扭矩及由于偏心軸的偏心距,破碎力產(chǎn)生的扭矩。這幾種扭矩互相平衡。根據(jù)其扭矩產(chǎn)生的位置作出偏心軸所受的彎矩,扭矩圖如下圖1-6所示。1-6 扭矩圖C軸的強(qiáng)度校核通常只校核偏心軸上承受最大計(jì)算彎矩的截面的強(qiáng)度,由圖可知危險(xiǎn)截面為動(dòng)顎軸承處。按第三強(qiáng)度理論,計(jì)算彎曲應(yīng)力。 轉(zhuǎn)距=9550000*0.95*22.4/490=414743(N)Me=T=0.6414743=248846(Nmm)=35.63(mm)138mm故動(dòng)顎軸承得截面安全(八) 軸承的使用壽命計(jì)算軸承段所選的軸承型號(hào)dDBL33032613028058L523032E16027086L3:圓錐滾子軸承;L5:調(diào)心滾子軸承.在偏心軸上使用的兩對(duì)軸承,在工作的過(guò)程中其主要受徑向作用力,其軸向力可以忽略不計(jì)。該軸的徑向載荷等于破碎力。即:R=F/2=60300/2=30150N當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷為:P=XR PL3=X1*R=0.4*30150=12060N Pl5=X2*R=0.67*30150=20200N滾動(dòng)軸承的壽命計(jì)算公式: 式中:Lh:基本額定壽命,(h); P:載荷(N); N:軸承轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min); C:基本額定動(dòng)載荷,(N); :指數(shù),對(duì)于滾子軸承,=10/3; =14338.87(h) =14927.96(h)Lh8000h,適合計(jì)算要求三 結(jié)論本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)對(duì)2PE150*500雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)的整體設(shè)計(jì),在提高顎式破碎機(jī)的破碎效、節(jié)能低耗的基礎(chǔ)上,擺脫顎式破碎機(jī)傳統(tǒng)概念的約束,具體分析了顎式破碎機(jī)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)形式和工作特點(diǎn),計(jì)算完畢,又從功用、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面加以論述,論證了此設(shè)計(jì)的可行度.在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,我得出以下結(jié)論:1動(dòng)顎的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)新穎緊湊.降低懸掛高使動(dòng)顎上能同時(shí)裝配兩顎板;搖桿上置.把普通顎式破碎機(jī)的滾擺支承改為鉸接支承,支承點(diǎn)由一個(gè)變動(dòng)范圍精確到一個(gè)點(diǎn),使破碎機(jī)成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定長(zhǎng)四桿機(jī)構(gòu),并為顎式破碎機(jī)參數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算提供了更符合實(shí)際的理論模型.這種做法可使動(dòng)顎結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單緊湊,并能在動(dòng)顎上同時(shí)裝配兩塊活動(dòng)顎板;偏心軸下置,使活動(dòng)顎板在高度方向上各點(diǎn)的特性值具有更理想的分布.2、新穎的雙腔結(jié)構(gòu).在該設(shè)計(jì)中,雙腔排放口的調(diào)解裝置,彼此不受約束,故其可達(dá)到破碎物料有相同破碎比,也可以通過(guò)排放口的調(diào)解,雙腔同時(shí)破碎不同比例的物料,能達(dá)到超細(xì)碎的目的.做到一機(jī)多用.3優(yōu)化后的腔型.采用合理的破碎腔曲線來(lái)獲得給料與排料的最佳匹配,達(dá)到提高生產(chǎn)能力的目的.在實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)中,固定顎板和可動(dòng)顎板都襯有用耐磨性好的高錳鋼制成的破碎機(jī).為提高破碎效果,兩破碎板的表面均鑄有縱向齒紋.且凹凸相對(duì),這樣對(duì)巖石除產(chǎn)生擠壓作用外.通過(guò)分析比較,可以得出,本次設(shè)計(jì)的雙腔顎式破碎機(jī),與傳統(tǒng)的顎式破碎機(jī)相比有處理能力大、傳動(dòng)效率高、功耗低、高度低、襯板磨損小、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種更新?lián)Q代的高效節(jié)能產(chǎn)品,將在礦物加工及土石質(zhì)原料加工領(lǐng)域獲得廣泛運(yùn)用.由于它具有良好的綜合性能,因此可望成為傳統(tǒng)顎式破碎機(jī)的替代產(chǎn)品.四.典型零件的加工工藝(一).偏心軸的機(jī)械加工工藝流程有前面的設(shè)計(jì)可知,偏心軸的結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示:偏心軸在破碎機(jī)中是一動(dòng)力傳遞部件,而且還是動(dòng)顎的支持體,是破碎機(jī)的一主體部分,是破碎機(jī)的一典型零件.其結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)尤為重要,其重要性在第五章中已經(jīng)論述過(guò),在此不再重述.偏心軸與其上的零件有多種配合,為了達(dá)到配合要求,其加工工藝過(guò)程則顯得重要,除了保證其剛度和強(qiáng)度,合理的工藝流程使之既滿足強(qiáng)度剛度要求,又能滿足可靠性要求,而且重量輕和經(jīng)濟(jì)效率最好,以求得技術(shù)上先進(jìn),經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理.下面是偏心軸的機(jī)械加工工藝:流程:1. 下料鋸床 下料1501000 (鋸床)2. 劃線 劃中心十字線和孔線 (劃鉗)3. 鏜 鏜端面到總長(zhǎng)度為930,打中心孔,偏心孔8. (鏜床)4. 車 粗車:一端頂軸外圓,另一端頂住中心孔,粗車一頭,各段外圓到偏心段,外圓和偏心及長(zhǎng)度均留余量單面57mm. 精車:一頭頂住偏心孔扎外圓,另一端頂住偏心孔,精車偏心段,各段外圓,外圓及長(zhǎng)度均留57mm余量.5. 檢 檢查以上各道工序.6. 熱 調(diào)制處理HB=220240.7. 車 修理中心孔和偏心孔,分別發(fā)兩中心孔定位,四爪扎外圓,半清車95,100等外圓,1:12錐度均留余量12mm,長(zhǎng)度車對(duì).(c63加長(zhǎng)) 車 偏心孔定位,頂住,四爪抓牢,半精車外圓120,等各外圓到尺寸,長(zhǎng)度車對(duì),車各圓角R2.5. 車 中心孔定位,頂緊,扎牢,精車外圓.M100*1.5左,1:1.2的錐度兌換及等外圓到尺寸,車對(duì)長(zhǎng)度,車準(zhǔn)圓角R3兩處子*45倒角兩處.調(diào)頭中心孔定位,頂住,扎牢.同理,精車準(zhǔn). M100*1.5,1:1.12的錐度段及. 等外圓到尺寸,車對(duì)長(zhǎng)度,車準(zhǔn)圓角R2.5兩處子4*5倒角兩處.8.檢 檢查以上各道工序.9.劃 注意偏心軸偏心部位, 劃中心十字線, 劃2-3mm,2-18mm,鍵槽和止退槽加工線, 劃兩端6-8M螺孔位置線.10.銑 銑對(duì)2-3mm,2-18mm鍵槽到尺寸,注意形位公差. (立銑)11.檢 檢查以上工序.12.鏜 劃正鉆對(duì)一頭2-M8底空13.9,深25.銑端余量到尺寸;調(diào)頭,同樣銑對(duì)2-M8到13.9,銑去端面,鏜到總長(zhǎng)工(鏜床)13.檢 檢查以上各工序.14.攻 枚準(zhǔn)6-M8螺孔.15.檢 檢查以上各道工序.入庫(kù)上油. (二).定額機(jī)械加工工藝1. 去砂泥,去澆冒口,去飛邊,披鋒(鑄鋼).2. 檢 檢化學(xué)成分和機(jī)械性能,按批次抽檢.3. 熱 熱處理退火.4. 劃 劃軸承中心孔和孔線,孔端面平面線,劃175高度,5條凸筋,及14斜面線,劃肘板槽加工線,3-28孔中心十字線.5. 刨 以中心為基準(zhǔn)管按劃線將工件墊平,壓牢,刨對(duì)5凸筋及15兩處斜面.(龍刨)反身以5條凸筋為基準(zhǔn),刨肘板槽到尺寸. (龍刨)6. 鏜 以12斜面和肘板墊槽為基準(zhǔn)粗鏜,400內(nèi)孔留11.5mm余量,鏜端面留11.5mm余量(每面)粗鏜401極端面到尺寸,注意中心對(duì)稱.(鏜床)7. 檢8. 劃 劃3-28.30,M27*2內(nèi)油孔位置線, 劃16-M16兩端面螺孔位置線,肘板槽和防塵橡膠,5-M10螺孔位置線(劃線9. 鉆 鉆8-M16為13.9,反身墊平鉆8-M16為13.9,30,2-M27為23.9并刮平到48,鉆5-M10孔為8.3.10. 攻 攻16-M16,M27*2.5-M10(裝鉗)11. 檢 檢查以上工序.12. 入庫(kù)上油1. 鑄材料和機(jī)械性能和和化學(xué)成分要符合GB567685中關(guān)于ZG270-500鑄鋼的規(guī)定.2. 鑄件毛坯必須進(jìn)行退火處理,鑄件表面清砂要光潔,不應(yīng)有砂礫,氣孔,縮孔和裂紋和影響強(qiáng)度和外觀質(zhì)量的缺陷.3. 未注鑄造圓角R5-R8.五 參考文獻(xiàn)1.趙昱東 中細(xì)破碎設(shè)備的新發(fā)展,浙江冶金.1999,(3):10132.母福生 雙腔顎式破碎機(jī)的研究,礦冶工程.1997,(3):24263.周恩浦等編著 礦山機(jī)械,冶金工業(yè)出版社.1982:1414.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.5.廖漢元 顎式破碎機(jī)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社19986.母福生 顎式破碎機(jī)破碎力的研究.南方冶金學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2002,(5):13167.李洪,曲中謙主編 實(shí)用軸承手冊(cè).沈陽(yáng):遼寧科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社.20018.朱安貞 顎式破碎機(jī)顎板的材料及選擇 水利電力機(jī)械2000,(2):8189.趙端品,李星文 復(fù)擺顎式破碎機(jī)的嚙角 1997,(1):303810.銀金光,王洪主編 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課題設(shè)計(jì) 北京:中國(guó)林業(yè)出版社;北京電子出版,2006.311.銀金光,王洪主編 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) 北京:科學(xué)出版,2005.825 E-breakersThe rapid development of the mining industry in recent years is only the beginning, mining equipment industry has been gradually driven. In the past, mining industry has not developed to a certain scale, concentrator, coal preparation plant and other industries generally used to broken equipment that small and medium-sized, and it is also slowly in recent years due to various sectors of production capacity to grow, such as production capacity has failed to keep pace with the needs of production, many manufacturers of large units and broken equipment, ore increasingly strong voice equipment . Gradually large jaw crusher (large E Breakers) has also emerged. E-crushing machine called E-break, the series has broken than large, uniform product size, structure simple, reliable, easy maintenance, operating costs and economic characteristics. E-breaking machine (the jaw-breaking) widely used in mining, metallurgy, building materials, roads, railways, water conservancy and chemical industries, and many other departments, not broken compressive strength of more than 320 MPa of various materials. In mine equipment, large jaw crusher, counter-crushing machine production capacity is obvious that such high energy consumption, high throughput of ore crusher are generally used in large-scale ore, coal preparation plant and other industries The broken, the current large 900 1200 broke the jaw of the large-scale break in Henan not be able to produce a few. The E-breakers is one of my companys flagship product, particularly in the design and production of large-scale E-breakers regardless of the technical process in terms of, or in terms of production capacity, both at home and abroad has been the absolute leader. The aircraft mainly used for all kinds of ores and medium-size bulk materials broken, broken compressive strength of not more than 320 Mpa materials, crude break points and broke two fine. The complete series of product specifications, the size of their feeding for 125 mm 750mm, is the preferred initial broken equipment. E-breakers (E-breaking) widely used in mining, metallurgy, building materials, roads, railways, water conservancy and the industry, the scope of its application is very extensive, E-breakers work, moving the jaw in the hoisting of the top direct eccentric axis, as a crank linkage of the link, from the eccentric shaft eccentric direct-drive, moving the bottom hinge of the jaw thrust plate attached to the rack of support after Wall. When the eccentric shaft rotation, moving the jaw on the movement of the points is hoisted from the point of the circle (equivalent to a radius of eccentricity), and gradually down into the Oval, the more downward Department, the oval-shaped side, until the bottom plate and thrust Connection point arc trajectory for the line. As a result of this mechanical activity in the jaw on the movement of the points is more complicated, the complex known as the swing-jaw crusher. Tilting the jaw-breakers and Jane tilting, compared to its advantages are: the quality of lighter, smaller components, the structure is more compact, broken cavity filled with good level, the blocks are homogeneous materials with broken jaw to move lower Introduced mandatory finished unloading, the higher productivity than with the specifications of the SR put Jaw Breakers 20-30 percent higher than the productivity; materials block in the lower part of a larger jaw moving up and down roller sports, the cube was easy Shape unloading, a decrease of as simple as tilting the sheet products in components, better product quality. E-breakers of the main structure of a rack, the eccentric shaft, the pulley, flywheel and moving E, side-boards, panels elbow, elbow rear plate, screw-gap, reset spring, fixed-E and E-board activities such as group Cheng, also a board elbow insurance role. The Series E Breakers broken dynamic approach to music-compression, motor-driven belt and pulley, to move through the eccentric shaft from top to bottom E campaign, when moving up at the E-elbow angle between the E and dynamic change, thus promoting the move E-E board to be close, at the same time materials were squeezing, rubbing, grind, such as multiple broken when moving downstream Hubei Province, Hubei Province elbow dynamic between the board and smaller angle, moving in the E-drawbars, the role of spring From the E-board, at this time has broken materials from the crushing chamber from the mouth, as the motor for rotation broken motor E for cyclical pressure Broken and markers, and mass production. Jaw Breakers of the crushing chamber is a fixed jaw jaw plate and activities of the board composition, and activities fixed jaw jaw is made of manganese steel liner has broken plates, broken plates fixed with bolts in the jaw board, in order to improve the crushing effect , The two have broken the surface of the plate with a corrugated vertical, and Tuao relative, so that the ore in addition to a crushing effect, there are bending and shear role. Breakers of the work on both sides of the cavity wall is also equipped with manganese steel liner, because of the broken plate is uneven wear, the lower part of its larger and wear, to that end, often made of broken plates from top to bottom symmetrical to the bottom Wear, which will lead to its re-use, large-scale E-breakers from the broken board is a combination of many pieces, all can be interchangeable, which would extend the time limit for use of broken plates. In order to make boards and broken jaw plate affixed a close, which must be lined by a liner made of plastic material, using zinc liner alloy of aluminum sheet or large plastic made because of paste will not close a big part too with , Is broken plates damaged, Setscrew pull off, or even cause the breakdown of the jaw move. Activities of the jaw plate swing is to use the crank to achieve double-rocker mechanism, double-rocker mechanism by the crank shaft eccentric, connecting rod, the former thrust plate, and after the thrust board composition, eccentric shaft installed in the rack on the wall of the main Bearing in the linkage (first link) is installed in the eccentricity of the eccentric shaft, the thrust plate before and after the end of the next support on both sides of the first link in the groove of the elbow-seat, thrust before the board in support of the other side Lower jaw moving back wall of the elbow board seat, then thrust plate while the other end of the posterior support of the rack elbow board, when the eccentric shaft from the motor pulley through triangular access to power after the rotation, from top to bottom to make a link campaign, Linkage also led the movement from top to bottom thrust plate movement, the thrust plate to the changing angle, thereby moving the jaw swinging around the mandrel, the connecting rod upward movement when broken ore, when the link in the lower part of the minimum position, the thrust plate and the horizon By 10% of the tilt angle to 10 degrees Celsius or 12 degrees. E-breakers operating environment: Will be broken in the huge stones into small stones in the process of the first crushing machine known as the main crusher. The longest history and also the strongest crusher is E-breakers. E-breakers to feed, the material from the top of the entrance into the broken tooth with E room. E-teeth with tremendous force will be material to the top wall, to be broken into smaller stones. E support the tooth movement is an eccentric shaft, the shaft runs through the fuselage frame. Usually fixed by the eccentric movement in the shaft at both ends of the flywheel by. Flywheel and eccentric bearings often used to support spherical roller bearings, the bearings of the working environment is extremely harsh. Bearing must be under tremendous impact load, abrasive sewage and high temperature. Although this work is extremely harsh environment, E-breakers need to work very reliable, which is to guarantee the production efficiency is a critical aspect. E-breakers performance characteristics: 1. Crushing chamber deep and no dead zone, improve the capacity and output of raw materials; 2. Crushing than their large, uniform size products; 3. Pads nesting population adjustment devices, convenient and reliable, the scope of regulation, increase the flexibility of the equipment; 4. Lubrication system is safe and reliable, convenient replacement parts, maintenance workload small;5. Structure is simple, reliable, low-cost carriers. 6. Energy-saving equipment: stand-alone energy-saving 15 percent to 30 percent, more than double the energy system; 7. Nesting population adjustment range, can meet the requirements of different users; 8. Low noise, dust less E-breakers use and the use of: 1.the Series E Breakers (E-breaking) mainly used for metallurgical, mining, chemical, cement, construction, ceramics and refractories, such as for the industrial sector in Grinding and broken all kinds of minerals in hard rock and use. 2. the series of jaw breakers (broken jaw) the most appropriate broken compressive strength of not more than 300 MPa (MPa) of hard and soft ore, was broken material may not be larger than the largest block of technical parameters under the table . Large breakers of the installation process relatively trouble, the need for lifting machinery, aircraft in trial operation, should pay attention to double-check circuit and the distribution cabinet. Prevent accidents. Large breakers in the production process, should pay attention to maintaining a timely manner, the abnormal phenomenon should immediately stands check to see which parts of the machine failure, it should be timely maintenance. To ensure the normal operation of machinery. Jaw Breakers troubleshooting Occurrence 1: Host sudden shutdown (commonly known as: nausea vehicles). Reasons: 1) plug the nesting population, resulting in wholehearted blocking materials; 2) rotation of the drive shafts round of the 1.30-belt, the belt slipping 3) bear the eccentric shaft sleeve loose, causing the rack no bearing on both sides of the Gap, the eccentric shaft stick, not rotation; 4) at work and low voltage, host encountered Daliao, the inability broken; 5) bearing damage. Exclude: 1) I plug the removal of nesting, to ensure smooth flow of materials, 2)-tight belt or replacement of 1.30, 3) re-install or replace bear the hub, 4) are at work and for the voltage, so that it operates in line with the mainframe Requirements, 5) the replacement of bearings. Occurrence 2: Host tank round, moving the jaw in normal operation, but the broken stop work. Reasons: 1) tension spring fault; 2) drawbars fault; 3) loss or plate elbow fracture. Exclude: 1) the replacement of tension spring; 2) the replacement of drawbars 3) re-install or replace the elbow plate. Occurrence 3: output of less than factory standards. Reasons: 1) the hardness or broken materials toughness over the provisions of the Manual, 2) electrical wiring to the anti-location, a host anti-car (a jaw clockwise rotation), or motor triangle to law to access law into astrocytes 3) provides nesting population is less than the limit, 4) shift the jaw plate, top teeth and tooth relatively Top 5) low-voltage work at the scene; 6) moving the jaw and bearing wear after the gap is too large, so that bearing in outer ring Relative rotation. Exclude: 1) to replace or increase the crusher, 2) the electrical wiring swapped 3) nesting population was adjusted to the provisions of the said statement nesting mouth and Grinding increase for the Breakers, 4) check from the tooth-tooth size, such as To be sub-standard replacement jaw plates, is fixed for the jaw-jaw plate with the activities of the relative position to ensure that addendum to the tooth root, fixed pinched to prevent displacement; 5) at work and increase the voltage, so as to re-host Contains requirements 6) the replacement of bearings or moving the jaw.顎式破碎機(jī)礦山行業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展是在近幾年才開始的,礦山設(shè)備行業(yè)也逐漸被帶動(dòng)起來(lái),以前在礦山行業(yè)還沒有發(fā)展到一定規(guī)模,選礦廠,選煤廠等行業(yè)一般用來(lái)破碎的設(shè)備都是中小型的,也是近幾年來(lái)也慢慢由于各個(gè)行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)能力逐漸增長(zhǎng),這種成產(chǎn)能力已經(jīng)跟不上生產(chǎn)需要的,許多單位以及廠家對(duì)大型破碎設(shè)備,礦石設(shè)備的呼聲越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈。逐漸大型顎式破碎機(jī)(大型顎式破碎機(jī))也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。 顎式破碎機(jī)簡(jiǎn)稱顎破,該系列產(chǎn)品具有破碎比大、產(chǎn)品粒度均勻、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、維修簡(jiǎn)便、運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用經(jīng)濟(jì)等特點(diǎn)。顎破機(jī)(顎破機(jī))廣泛運(yùn)用于礦山、冶煉、建材、公路、鐵路、水利和化學(xué)工業(yè)等眾多部門,破碎抗壓強(qiáng)度不超過(guò)320兆帕的各種物料。 在礦山設(shè)備中,大型的顎式破碎機(jī),反擊式破碎機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力是顯而易見的,這種高能耗,高礦石吞吐量的破碎機(jī)一般都用在大型礦石,選煤廠等行業(yè)的破碎,目前的大型顎破9001200的大型破在河南沒有幾家能夠生產(chǎn)。該型顎式破碎機(jī)是我公司的主打產(chǎn)品之一,尤其在設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)大型顎式破碎機(jī)不論從技術(shù)工藝方面來(lái)講,還是從生產(chǎn)能力方面來(lái)講,在國(guó)內(nèi)外已處于絕對(duì)領(lǐng)先水平。該機(jī)主要用于各種礦石與大塊物料的中等粒度破碎,可破碎抗壓強(qiáng)度不大于320Mpa的物料,分粗破和細(xì)破兩種。該系列產(chǎn)品規(guī)格齊全,其給料粒度為125mm750mm,是初級(jí)破碎首選設(shè)備。顎式破碎機(jī)(顎破)廣泛運(yùn)用于礦山、冶金、建材、公路、鐵路、水利和化等行業(yè),它所應(yīng)用的范圍非常的廣泛, 顎式破碎機(jī)工作時(shí)候,動(dòng)顎上端直接懸掛在偏心軸上,作為曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的連桿,由偏心軸的偏心直接驅(qū)動(dòng),動(dòng)顎的下端鉸連著推力板支撐到機(jī)架的后壁上。當(dāng)偏心軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),動(dòng)顎上各點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是由懸掛點(diǎn)的圓周線(半徑等于偏心距),逐漸向下變成橢圓形,越向下部,橢圓形越偏,直到下部與推力板連接點(diǎn)軌跡為圓弧線。由于這種機(jī)械中動(dòng)顎上各點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡比較復(fù)雜,故稱為復(fù)雜擺動(dòng)式顎式破碎機(jī)。復(fù)擺式顎式破碎機(jī)與簡(jiǎn)擺式相比較,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:質(zhì)量較輕,構(gòu)件較少,結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊,破碎腔內(nèi)充滿程度較好,所裝物料塊受到均勻破碎,加以動(dòng)顎下端強(qiáng)制性推出成品卸料,故生產(chǎn)率較高,比同規(guī)格的簡(jiǎn)擺顎式破碎機(jī)的生產(chǎn)率高出20-30%;物料塊在動(dòng)顎下部有較大的上下翻滾運(yùn)動(dòng),容易呈立方體的形狀卸出,減少了像簡(jiǎn)擺式產(chǎn)品中那樣的片狀成分,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量較好。顎式破碎機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有機(jī)架、偏心軸、大皮帶輪、飛輪、動(dòng)顎、側(cè)護(hù)板、肘板、肘板后座、調(diào)隙螺桿、復(fù)位彈簧、固定顎板與活動(dòng)顎板等組成,其中肘板還起到保險(xiǎn)作用。該系列顎式破碎機(jī)破碎方式為曲動(dòng)擠壓型,電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)皮帶和皮帶輪,通過(guò)偏心軸使動(dòng)顎上下運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)動(dòng)顎上升時(shí)肘板和動(dòng)顎間夾角變大,從而推動(dòng)動(dòng)顎板向定顎板接近,與此同時(shí)物料被擠壓、搓、碾等多重破碎;當(dāng)動(dòng)顎下行時(shí),肘板和動(dòng)顎間夾角變小,動(dòng)顎板在拉桿、彈簧的作用下離開定顎板,此時(shí)已破碎物料從破碎腔下口排出,隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)破碎機(jī)動(dòng)顎作周期性的壓碎和排料,實(shí)現(xiàn)批量生產(chǎn)。顎式破碎機(jī)的破碎腔是有固定的顎板和活動(dòng)的顎板構(gòu)成,固定顎和活動(dòng)顎都襯有錳鋼制成的破碎板,破碎板用螺栓固定在顎板上,為了提高破碎效果,兩破碎板的表面都帶有縱向的波紋,而且凸凹相對(duì),這樣,對(duì)礦石除有壓碎作用外,還有彎曲和剪切的作用。破碎機(jī)的工作腔的兩側(cè)壁上也裝有錳鋼襯板,由于破碎板的磨損是不均勻的,其下部磨損較大,為此,往往把破碎板制成上下對(duì)稱的,以便下部磨損后,將其導(dǎo)致而重復(fù)使用,大型顎式破碎機(jī)的破碎板是由許多塊兒組合而成,各個(gè)都可以互換的,這樣可以延長(zhǎng)破碎板的使用期限。為了使破碎板與顎板緊密貼合,其間須襯有由可塑性材料制成的襯板,襯墊用鋅合金或塑性大的鋁板制成,因?yàn)橘N合不緊密會(huì)造成很大的局部過(guò)符合,是破碎板損壞,緊固螺栓拉斷,甚至還會(huì)造成動(dòng)顎的破裂。活動(dòng)顎板的擺動(dòng)是借曲柄雙搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,曲柄雙搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)由偏心軸,連桿,前推力板,和后推力板組成,偏心軸裝在機(jī)架側(cè)壁上的主軸承中,連桿(上連桿頭)則裝在偏心軸的偏心部分上,前后推力板的一端支撐在下連桿頭兩側(cè)凹槽中的肘板座上,前推力板的另一端支撐在動(dòng)顎后壁下端的肘板座上,而后推力板的另一端則支撐在機(jī)架后壁的肘板上,當(dāng)偏心軸通過(guò)三角皮帶輪從電動(dòng)機(jī)獲得旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)力后,就使連桿產(chǎn)生上下運(yùn)動(dòng),連桿的上下運(yùn)動(dòng)又帶動(dòng)推力板運(yùn)動(dòng),由于推力板不斷改變傾斜角度,因而使動(dòng)顎繞心軸擺動(dòng),連桿向上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)進(jìn)行破碎礦石,當(dāng)連桿位于下部最低位置時(shí)候,推力板與水平線所成的傾斜角度為十度或十二度。顎式破碎機(jī)運(yùn)行環(huán)境:在將巨大石塊破碎成小石塊的過(guò)程中,第一道破碎機(jī)通常稱為“主”破碎機(jī)。歷史最長(zhǎng),也最堅(jiān)固的破碎機(jī)是顎式破碎機(jī)。為顎式破碎機(jī)喂料時(shí),物料從頂部入口倒入含有顎齒的破碎室。顎齒以巨大力量將物料頂向室壁,將之破碎成更小的石塊。支持顎齒運(yùn)動(dòng)的是一根偏心軸,此軸貫穿機(jī)身構(gòu)架。偏心運(yùn)動(dòng)通常由固定在軸兩端的飛輪所產(chǎn)生。飛輪和偏心支持軸承經(jīng)常采用球面滾子軸承,軸承的工作環(huán)境極為苛刻。軸承必須承受巨大的沖擊載荷,磨蝕性污水和高溫。盡管此工作環(huán)境極為苛刻,顎式破碎機(jī)仍需非??煽康毓ぷ鳎@是保證生產(chǎn)效率的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。顎式破碎機(jī)性能特點(diǎn):1.破碎腔深而且無(wú)死區(qū),提高了進(jìn)料能力與產(chǎn)量;2.其破碎比大,產(chǎn)品粒度均勻;3.墊片式排料口調(diào)整裝置,可靠方便,調(diào)節(jié)范圍大,增加了設(shè)備的靈活性;4.潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)安全可靠,部件更換方便,保養(yǎng)工作量??;5.結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,工作可靠,運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用低。6.設(shè)備節(jié)能:?jiǎn)螜C(jī)節(jié)能15%30%,系統(tǒng)節(jié)能一倍以上;7.排料口調(diào)整范圍大,可滿足不同用戶的要求;8.噪音低,粉塵少顎式破碎機(jī)用途和使用范圍:1、該系列顎式破碎機(jī)(顎破)主要用于冶金、礦山、化工、水泥、建筑、耐火材料及陶瓷等工業(yè)部門作中碎和細(xì)碎各種中硬礦石和巖石用。 2、該系列顎式破碎機(jī)(顎破)最適宜于破碎抗壓強(qiáng)度不高于300MPa(兆帕)的各種軟硬礦石,被破碎物料的最大塊度不得大于技術(shù)參數(shù)表所規(guī)定。大型破碎機(jī)的的安裝過(guò)程比較的麻煩,需要機(jī)器的吊裝,在試運(yùn)行該機(jī)時(shí)候,應(yīng)注意仔細(xì)檢查電路以及配電柜。以防出現(xiàn)意外。大型破碎機(jī)在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中,應(yīng)及時(shí)注意維護(hù),對(duì)出現(xiàn)的異常現(xiàn)象應(yīng)立即停機(jī)進(jìn)行檢查,看是機(jī)器的那個(gè)部位出現(xiàn)故障,應(yīng)該及時(shí)檢修。確保機(jī)器的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 顎式破碎機(jī)故障排除故障現(xiàn)象1:主機(jī)突然停機(jī)(俗稱:悶車)。原因:1)排料口堵塞,造成滿腔堵料;2)驅(qū)動(dòng)槽輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的三角皮帶過(guò)松,造成皮帶打滑;3)偏心軸緊定襯套松動(dòng),造成機(jī)架的軸承座內(nèi)兩邊無(wú)間隙,使偏心軸卡死,無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);4)工作場(chǎng)地電壓過(guò)低,主機(jī)遇到大料后,無(wú)力破碎;5)軸承損壞。排除方法:1)清除排料口堵塞物,確保出料暢通;2)調(diào)緊或更換三角皮帶;3)重新安裝或更換緊定襯套;4)調(diào)正工作場(chǎng)地的電壓,使之符合主機(jī)工作電壓的要求;5)更換軸承。 故障現(xiàn)象2:主機(jī)槽輪、動(dòng)顎運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常,但破碎工作停止。原因:1)拉緊彈簧斷裂;2)拉桿斷裂;3)肘板脫落或斷裂。排除方法:1)更換拉緊彈簧;2)更換拉桿;3)重新安裝或更換肘板。故障現(xiàn)象3:產(chǎn)量達(dá)不到出廠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。原因:1)被破碎物料的硬度或韌性超過(guò)使用說(shuō)明書規(guī)定的范圍;2)電動(dòng)機(jī)接線位置接反,主機(jī)開反車(動(dòng)顎順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)),或電機(jī)三角形接法接成星形接法;3)排料口小于規(guī)定極限;4)顎板移位,齒頂與齒頂相對(duì);5)工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)電壓過(guò)低;6)動(dòng)顎與軸承磨損后間隙過(guò)大,使軸承外圈發(fā)生相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。排除方法:1)更換或增加破碎機(jī);2)調(diào)換電機(jī)接線;3)排料口調(diào)整到說(shuō)明書規(guī)定的公稱排料口和增加用于細(xì)碎的破碎機(jī);4)檢查齒板齒距尺寸,如不符標(biāo)準(zhǔn)則須更換顎板,調(diào)正固定顎板與活動(dòng)顎板的相對(duì)位置,保證齒頂對(duì)齒根后,固定壓緊,防止移位;5)調(diào)高工作場(chǎng)地電壓,使之適應(yīng)主機(jī)重載要求;6)更換軸承或動(dòng)顎。12
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