湖南省高考英語 考點7 虛擬語氣

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1、Part2 考點7Part2 語法專題語法專題考點考點7 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 對虛擬語氣的考查在湖南高考中主要出現(xiàn)在單項填空部分。1.主要考查的知識點：(1)在狀語從句和名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法(2)含蓄虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)重點：復(fù)習(xí)重點：(1)掌握虛擬語氣的基本概念及用法。(2)在條件句中省略if的虛擬語氣。(3)意義上不是虛擬語氣，但必須使用虛擬語氣的情況。2. 如何應(yīng)對虛擬語氣的考查解題時，首先要確定題干句子表示的句意為真實的還是虛擬的，來決定是否該用虛擬語氣。帶有狀語從句的復(fù)合句應(yīng)重點看從句，根據(jù)從句句意所表達的信息來判斷是否該用虛擬。虛擬語氣確定后要明確是對現(xiàn)在、過去還是對將來的虛擬，從而確

2、定虛擬語氣的形式。 (2009福建)But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A.would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 思路點撥：思路點撥：分析題干，根據(jù)But for the help of my English teacher(要不是我的英語老師)，可知該句為虛擬語氣。整句語意為：要不是英語老師的幫助，我就贏不了英語寫作比賽一等獎?！摆A得一等獎”是

3、已經(jīng)過去的事情了，所以此處表達的是對過去的虛擬，謂語該用would not have done的形式。故判斷空格處應(yīng)該選B。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思1. 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) If I _had_(have) time, I would go there. (2) If you had come earlier, you _couldnt/wouldnt_have_missed_(miss) the bus.(3) If it _should_rain/were_to_rain_(rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put

4、off. (4) We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(5) We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(6) We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.(7) She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.(8) It seems as if he doesnt know he

5、r. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié) 虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法：非真實的條件，常由if 引導(dǎo)，主句和從句常用虛擬語氣。1. 條件與現(xiàn)在事實相反， 從句謂語用一般過去時(be多用were)；主句謂語用would / should / could/might動詞原形，如：(1)。2. 條件與過去事實相反， 從句謂語用過去完成時had done；主句謂語用would / should /could /mighthave done，如：(2)。3. 條件與將來事實相反，從句謂語用should do / were to do；主句謂語用would / should / could / might動詞原形，如：(3)

6、。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：目的狀語從句1. so that/ in order that 從句： 從句用can /could / may / might 動詞原形，如：(4)。2. for fear that/in case that 從句：從句用should動詞原形，意為“以防，萬一”，如：(5)。3. lest 從句：從句用should 動詞原形，“以防萬一”，如：(6)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則2：方式狀語從句as if/ as though 從句：從句的虛擬語氣與wish 后的賓語從句虛擬語氣類似，如：(7)。【注意】as if / as though連接的從句表示可能

7、的事實時，不需用虛擬語氣，如：(8) 。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思2. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣(1)It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day. The doctors suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. (2) His face suggested that he was very sad.(3) How he wishes that he were a bird.(4) We wish that we had visited the Great Wal

8、l last year.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(5) We wish we would live on the moon one day.(6) I would rather you were not here with me now.(7) I would rather you hadnt done that.(8) It is important that we (should)have a good knowledge of computer science. (9) It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting.(1

9、0) We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.規(guī)則規(guī)則1：名詞性從句中，表示“建議，命令，要求”等意義時，名詞性從句用(should) 動詞原形。(1) 建議：動詞advise, suggest, propose, recommend (名詞advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation)(2) 命令：名詞order, command(3) 要求：動詞request, require, demand, ask, insist (名詞request, requirement, demand)，如：(1)

10、。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)【注意】(1)suggest 意為“表明，暗示”時，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，如：(2)。(2)insist 意為“堅持認為，堅持說”時，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：I wish (that) 賓語從句(虛擬語氣)(1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實相反”，從句用一般過去時，如：(3)。(2)表示愿望與“過去事實相反”，從句用過去完成時，如：(4)。(3)表示愿望實現(xiàn)的可能性很小，從句常用could/might/would 動詞原形，如：(5)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則3：would rather/prefer that從句(從句用虛擬語氣)(1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實相反

11、”，從句用一般過去時，如：(6)。(2)表示愿望與“過去事實相反”，從句用過去完成時，如：(7)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4：名詞性從句表示說話人“強烈”的感情色彩時，從句用should 動詞原形/should have done，should 可譯為“應(yīng)該；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié) 常見的句型如下：(1)It is important/necessary/ strange/ surprising/ funny/ natural that 從句，如：(8)。(2) It is a pity / a shame/ an honour/ no wonder that從句，如：(

12、9)。(3) 主語 be sorry/ disappointed/ surprised that從句，如：(10)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思3. 定語從句中的虛擬語氣定語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) Its time that we should go home.(2) Its time that we went home.(3) It is the second time that I have visited Beijing. (4) It was the second time that I had visited Beijing.歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié) Its (abou

13、t/high/very) time that從句 (從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用一般過去式或 should do, should 不能省略)，意為“某人該做某事了”，如：(1)、(2)。 注意下面固定句型的時態(tài)搭配：It/This is the first/second/time that主語has / have doneIt/This was the first/second/time that 主語had done.如：(3)、(4)。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思4. 簡單句中的虛擬語氣簡單句中的虛擬語氣(1) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(2) M

14、ay you succeed！(3) Everybody leave the room! (4) Let one of you go and tell her to come. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié) 虛擬語氣用于簡單句時，一般表示祝愿、命令等。謂語要用動詞原形。規(guī)則規(guī)則1：表示祝愿，如：(1)、(2)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示命令，如：(3)、(4)。 熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思5. 含蓄虛擬語氣含蓄虛擬語氣(1)If only you _hadnt_told_(not tell) him the news.(2)Human beings would die without water. Human b

15、eings _would_die_ if there were no water.(3)I _couldnt_have_succeeded_ but for your help. I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me. 熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(4)I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. If I _had_had_ money then, I would have bought that book.(5)Had they had time(If they

16、 had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us.(6)If I had studied in a university, I would get the job in the company. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)常用含蓄虛擬語氣的情況：規(guī)則規(guī)則1：if only 意為“要是 就好了”(與wish后面的虛擬語氣類似)，如：(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：without / but for 如果沒有，就會。如：(2)、(3)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3：otherwise / or 否則，不然的話，就會。如：(4)?！咀⒁狻?1)當虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中有had，should，were時，在正式或書面語言中可將if省略，而把had，should，were 提前到句首，變?yōu)榘氲寡b，如：(5)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)(2) 混合虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣中，常出現(xiàn)從句與主句表示不同時期的事情，此時，從句與主句則分別用不同時態(tài)的虛擬語氣。如：(6)。(3) 幾種特別用法was/were supposed to have done 理應(yīng)做was/were to have done 本計劃做had thought/believed， but本以為had planned/intended， but本計劃，本打算had wished/hoped， but 本希望