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1、Part2 考點(diǎn)13Part2 語(yǔ)法專題語(yǔ)法專題考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)13 主謂一致主謂一致 對(duì)主謂一致的考查在湖南高考中主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空部分。1.主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn):(1)主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞、不定代詞、表示單一概念的動(dòng)名詞、不定式或句子等時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。(2)every / each / no 修飾名詞作主語(yǔ),及and連接的兩個(gè)有every /each/no修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),或more than one 名詞以及many a 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn):復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn):(1)主謂意義一致的情況(2)主謂形式一致的情況2.如何應(yīng)對(duì)主謂的考查 主謂一致的考查主要是根據(jù)主語(yǔ)部分來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù),往
2、往與時(shí)態(tài)一起考。解題時(shí),首先認(rèn)清主語(yǔ)部分,結(jié)合4個(gè)選項(xiàng),比較每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及單復(fù)數(shù),再判斷該選用哪一個(gè)。 (2010湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 思路點(diǎn)撥:思路點(diǎn)撥:分析題干句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A、C選項(xiàng)為單數(shù),而根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與caused的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除A項(xiàng),從而可判斷選C項(xiàng)。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思1. 意義(語(yǔ)法)一致原則 只要確定句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)意義,則謂語(yǔ)用單
3、數(shù);句子的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)意義,則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1) Physics is(be) not easy to understand.(2) When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been_decided(not decide) yet.(3) Nothing is(be) impossible.(4) Ten pounds was(be) missing from the box.(5) This pair of glasses was_bought (buy) by my uncle.熟熟 讀讀 深深
4、 思思(6)Two series of new stamps have been ordered(order). (7) The population of China is(be) large and about eighty percent of the population are(be) farmers.(8) Mr. Green together with his children goes(go) to the park every Sunday.(9) The disabled are(be) well taken care of in this country.(10) Mos
5、t of the workers have gone home for a holiday.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(11) His family were(be) sitting in the sofa watching TV when I got there.(12) War and peace is(be) a constant theme in history. (13) Chinese and Japanese silk sell (sell) well in the market. (14) What surprised me most was(be) his attitude to
6、wards his study.(15) Such is(be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered(suffer) a great deal but achieved so much.(16) Every day quantities of water are_wasted(wasted). 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1:不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),一律視為單數(shù)。以s結(jié)尾的國(guó)名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名,書名,如:the United States, the United Nations等作主語(yǔ),視為單數(shù);有些不可數(shù)名詞如:news, maths, physics 雖然以s結(jié)尾
7、,但不是復(fù)數(shù),如:(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:表示單一概念的動(dòng)名詞、不定式或句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?!皁ne, either, neither, each of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),如:(2)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則3:something, everything, anything, nothing,somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)通常是單數(shù),如:(3)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4:表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),通??醋饕粋€(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如:(4)。規(guī)則規(guī)則5:a series of, a kind of, a pi
8、ece of, a pair of 等量詞修飾名詞,通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù),如:(5)、(6)。 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則6:a number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,“許多”,復(fù)數(shù)意義;the number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,“的數(shù)目”,單數(shù)意義。the population of“的人口數(shù)量”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/half of/the rest ofthe population 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)則用復(fù)數(shù),具體指其中的多少人,復(fù)數(shù)意義,如:(7)。the average of “的平均數(shù)量”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則7:主語(yǔ)后接
9、介詞with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, in, of 等短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和這些短語(yǔ)前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致,如:(8)。 規(guī)則規(guī)則8:“the adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果表示抽象的概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如:(9)。規(guī)則規(guī)則9:分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù),all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義確定,如:(10)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則10:主語(yǔ)為集合名詞時(shí),如果表示一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如
10、果指其中的個(gè)體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類集體名詞常見的有:army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:(11)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則11:當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時(shí),應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。另外,當(dāng)and 連接兩個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)單
11、數(shù)形式的主語(yǔ)時(shí),其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物,主語(yǔ)則應(yīng)該看做是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),如:(12)、(13)。英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有:iron and steel 鋼鐵 law and order 治安bread and butter 黃油面包歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 a knife and fork刀叉a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣 aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真誠(chéng)規(guī)則規(guī)則12:what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于作表語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),如:(14)。規(guī)則規(guī)則13:suc
12、h 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定,如:(15)。規(guī)則規(guī)則14: quantities of 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不論名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù),謂語(yǔ)一律用復(fù)數(shù),如:(16)。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思2. 形式一致原則形式一致原則 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致:主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)亦采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1) Each student is required to tell a story in class. (2) Every boy and every girl is having sports now.(3) He said that one and a
13、 half apples is enough. (4) One and a half oranges were left for her brother. (5) More than one student is willing to take part in the activity. (6) Many a method has been tried to solve the problem. 規(guī)則規(guī)則1:every /each/no 修飾名詞,以及and連接的兩個(gè)有every /each/no修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,如:(1)、(2)。復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)與each連用時(shí),應(yīng)不受each的
14、影響,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:“one 單數(shù)名詞and a half”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:(3)、(4)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3:“more than one 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如:(5)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4:“many a 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如:(6)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思3. 就近原則就近原則(1) Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. (2) In the distance was heard the clapping
15、of hands and the shouts of the people. (3) Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1:當(dāng)連詞or, not but; either or , neither nor , not only but also 等連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式常與最接近的詞語(yǔ)保持一致,如:(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:在倒裝句中,謂語(yǔ)與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致,如:(2)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3:當(dāng)一個(gè)句子是由 there 或here引起,而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常和最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致,如:(3)。