電動機端蓋模具設計【壓鑄模具】【說明書+CAD】
電動機端蓋模具設計【壓鑄模具】【說明書+CAD】,壓鑄模具,說明書+CAD,電動機端蓋模具設計【壓鑄模具】【說明書+CAD】,電動機,模具設計,壓鑄,模具,說明書,仿單,cad
畢業(yè)設計(論文)題 目:端蓋模具設計學 生: 陳 明 指導老師: 王 明 杰 系 別: 材料科學與工程系 專 業(yè): 材料科學與工程 班 級: 材料科學0702 學 號: 1607102205 2010年6月福建工程學院本科畢業(yè)設計(論文)作者承諾保證書本人鄭重承諾: 本篇畢業(yè)設計(論文)的內(nèi)容真實、可靠。如果存在弄虛作假、抄襲的情況,本人愿承擔全部責任。學生簽名:年 月 日福建工程學院本科畢業(yè)設計(論文)指導教師承諾保證書本人鄭重承諾:我已按有關規(guī)定對本篇畢業(yè)設計(論文)的選題與內(nèi)容進行了指導和審核,該同學的畢業(yè)設計(論文)中未發(fā)現(xiàn)弄虛作假、抄襲的現(xiàn)象,本人愿承擔指導教師的相關責任。指導教師簽名: 年 月 日 目錄摘要IAbstractII1 緒論11.1 選題的依據(jù)和意義11.2 國內(nèi)外壓力鑄造的發(fā)展動向11.2.1 國內(nèi)壓力鑄造的發(fā)展動向11.2.2 .國外壓力鑄造的發(fā)展動向31.3 研究或解決的問題42 壓鑄件的結構53 壓鑄件工藝性分析74 機械加工余量85 鑄件線收縮及鑄件尺寸公差96 壓鑄模具的設計116.1 確定成型腔數(shù)116.2 分型面的選擇116.3 壓鑄機的選擇126.3.1 臥式冷室壓鑄機結構126.3.2 .計算零件的投影面積126.3.3 計算脹型力,鎖型力,初選壓鑄機型號136.3.4 計算澆入合金液的重量136.3.5 壓鑄機的校核136.4 澆注系統(tǒng)的設計146.4.1 澆注位置的確定146.4.2 內(nèi)澆道的尺寸146.4.3 橫澆道的尺寸146.4.4 直澆道尺寸156.4.5 溢流槽的設計156.4.6 澆注系統(tǒng)的二維視圖166.5 推桿尺寸計算166.6 排氣、冷卻系統(tǒng)176.7 模體設計176.7.1 模體設計概述176.7.2 模體尺寸176.7.3 材料及熱處理后硬度187 模具的裝配198 結論20致謝21參考文獻22福建工程學院本科論文電動機端蓋模具設計摘要本次設計的端蓋壓鑄件為圓形端蓋類零件。最大外形尺寸為64mm,內(nèi)孔尺寸為28mm,兩側有外加的半圓形。鑄件壁厚局部不均勻,材料為鋁合金。針對端蓋壓鑄件結構及工藝要求,選擇端蓋口部大端面為動靜模分型面。為了使動、定模能夠準確地動作, 導向定位機構利用導柱與導套的配合。各成形小孔由動靜模型芯對接組成,頂出機構是推桿推出的一次脫出機構,澆注系統(tǒng)采用中心澆道。本模具考慮到年產(chǎn)量、設備及鑄件的精度要求,選擇一模二腔結構,并且采用UG來實現(xiàn)鋁殼體端蓋模具的三維設計及成型零件設計。關鍵詞:壓鑄模具;加工工藝分析;鋁合金; 端蓋;CADThe Mold design of Motor coverAbstractThe cover die-casting piece in this design is circular cover part. The maximum shape dimension is 64mm,and the inside hole dimension is 19mm, besides, both sides have additional semicircle .The casting has a partly uniform thickness ,and is made of aluminum alloy.According to the structure and process requirement of cover die-casting piece ,we select the large end of cover mouth as the Parting surface between the static and dynamic model .In order to make the static and dynamic model can accurately move, we use the cooperation of the guide-post and guide-sleeve in oriented positioning system.The forming holes are formed by the core butt of the static and dynamic model,The knockouts uses once ejecting mechanism that lifter pushes out.,and the gating system adopts center runner.Taking into account the annual production, equipment and the requirement of accuracy ,we select a second cavity mode,and use UG to achieve the three-dimensional design and molding parts design of aluminum shell cover mold.Keywords: die-casting mould; processing technology analysis; aluminium alloy;cover; CADI1 緒論1.1 選題的依據(jù)和意義壓力鑄造工藝的諸多特點,使其在提高有色金屬合金鑄件的精度水平、生產(chǎn)效率、表面質量等方面顯示出了巨大優(yōu)勢。隨著汽車、摩托車等工業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及提高壓鑄件質量、節(jié)省能耗、降低污染等設計要求的實現(xiàn),有色金屬合金壓鑄件、特別是輕合金(鋁及鎂合金)壓鑄件的應用范圍在快速擴張。有資料表明:工業(yè)發(fā)達國家用鋁合金及鎂合金鑄件代替鋼鐵鑄件正在成為重要的發(fā)展趨勢。目前壓鑄已成為汽車用鋁合金成形過程中應用最廣泛的工藝之一,在各種汽車成型工藝方法中占49。汽車、摩托車以及汽車附件的消耗需求,為壓鑄件生產(chǎn)提供了一個廣闊市場,壓鑄鋁合金在汽車上的應用將不斷擴大。為了適應市場需求,壓力鑄造要快速發(fā)展。20世紀90年代以來,中國有色金屬壓鑄工業(yè)在取得令人驚嘆發(fā)展的同時,已成為一個新興產(chǎn)業(yè)?,F(xiàn)全國共有有色金屬壓鑄企業(yè)3000家左右,壓鑄件產(chǎn)量從1995年的26.6萬t上升到2005年的87萬t,年均遞增率為12.58,其中鋁合金壓鑄件占所有壓鑄件產(chǎn)量的34以上。隨著技術水平和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力的提高,鋁合金壓鑄產(chǎn)品的種類和應用領域在不斷擴寬,其合金種類、壓鑄設備、壓鑄模具和壓鑄工藝都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。因此學習壓力鑄造是非常重要對現(xiàn)實也是非常有意義的。1.2 國內(nèi)外壓力鑄造的發(fā)展動向1.2.1 國內(nèi)壓力鑄造的發(fā)展動向(1)壓鑄機20世紀40年代中、后期,只有少數(shù)工廠從事壓鑄件生產(chǎn),分散在有一定工業(yè)基礎的大城市,各家工廠的壓鑄設備擁有量都很少,而且主要是小型壓鑄機,其中熱室機和冷室機都有。壓鑄材料以鋅合金為主,有少量鋁合金、銅合金。20世紀50年代,基礎工業(yè)興起,一大批大型企業(yè)、工廠相繼建立,重點工廠大多數(shù)都有壓鑄生產(chǎn),壓鑄機全部進口,較多是捷克(斯洛伐克)和前蘇聯(lián)的,少量是民主德國的。一的工廠配備25臺壓鑄機,最多的也不超過10臺;壓鑄材料以鋁合金為主,鋅合金次之,少量銅合金和鎂合金;壓鑄模由各個工廠的模具車間自行制造,專業(yè)的壓鑄模制造廠尚未形成;1956年起,已經(jīng)有了我國設計制造的壓鑄機,型號規(guī)格很少,少量供應市場,個別工廠還自制500kN級與1000kN級的壓鑄機供本廠使用。20世紀60年代起,壓鑄工業(yè)有了較大的發(fā)展。根據(jù)1991年的統(tǒng)計一,壓鑄件生產(chǎn)的廠點已經(jīng)達到752家,遍布全國各個省市和地區(qū),服務于工業(yè)、科技、教學等系統(tǒng)和領域,形成為具有相當規(guī)模的行業(yè)1。當時,全國壓鑄機的擁有量為3434臺,其中國產(chǎn)機2880臺,占84,進口機554臺,占16。近10余年內(nèi),以珠三角(廣東一帶)、長三角(蘇浙滬一帶)以及正在起步的環(huán)渤海等地域為特征,加上東北老工業(yè)基地的重建和川渝陜新興的西部地區(qū),壓鑄件生產(chǎn)廠家就像雨后春筍似的拔地而起,使得對企業(yè)(廠家)數(shù)量和壓鑄機的擁有量統(tǒng)計難度較大,精確的數(shù)字缺乏。若僅以壓鑄件產(chǎn)量來說,按1991年16.5萬t作為基數(shù),至2009年達到148萬t,增長了8倍,在此期間,每年都有816的增長率2。(2) 壓鑄模具近年來,隨著我國制造業(yè),特別是汽車工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,鑄件市場需求大幅上揚,帶動了鑄造模具制造業(yè)的興旺,生產(chǎn)總量在沖模、塑料模之后排列第三的鑄造模具約占我國模具總量的8% ,年銷售額約80億元。由于市場對大型、復雜、高品質、高性能鑄件的要求,帶動我國鑄造模具在生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和制造質量以及其技術水平的提升,逐步形成了門類齊全、配套完善和分布廣泛的產(chǎn)業(yè)結構。根據(jù)中國模具工業(yè)協(xié)會經(jīng)營管理委員會編制的全國模具專業(yè)廠基本情況統(tǒng)計,近4年來鑄造模具每年平均增長速度高達24%3??傮w來說,中、小型鑄造模具的制作完全可滿足國內(nèi)的需求,大型、復雜、精密的鑄造模具依賴進口的狀況得到較大改善;中、低檔模具供大于求,大型且要求高的鑄造模依然進口不少(主要進口國是日本、韓國、德國、意大利、美國) ;可喜的是國內(nèi)使用的大型、復雜的鑄造模具已從原先大量引進到目前國產(chǎn)替代,并有少量出口,且出口量遂年遞增?,F(xiàn)代模具行業(yè)是技術、資金密集型的行業(yè)。近年來,我國模具行業(yè)結構調整步伐加快,主要表現(xiàn)為大型、精密、復雜、長壽命模具和模具標準件發(fā)展速度高于行業(yè)的總體發(fā)展速度,塑料模、壓鑄模比例增大,面向市場的專業(yè)模具廠家數(shù)量及能力增加較快,“三資”及民營企業(yè)的發(fā)展很快。據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局統(tǒng)計,截至2006年底,中國模具制造業(yè)規(guī)模以上企業(yè)1314家,從業(yè)人員244155人;全年完成工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值55561億元,實現(xiàn)銷售收入和利潤分別為53958億元和46.75億元,出口10億美元,進口14.7美元。如果加上未統(tǒng)計的小型模具企業(yè),估計我國現(xiàn)有的模具生產(chǎn)廠超過2萬家,總從業(yè)人員在52萬人左右。壓鑄模的企業(yè),一般兼作其它模具。全國鑄造模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè),大體可以分成以下幾類:第一類為鑄造模具專業(yè)廠,包括合資和獨資企業(yè),這些廠設備先進、技術優(yōu)良,是鑄造模具行業(yè)的主力。第二類是鑄造專業(yè)廠的模具車間。第三類是近年來發(fā)展迅速的私營和民營模具廠,規(guī)模不大,數(shù)量眾多,各有分工,分布在江浙、廣東一帶,部分廠已經(jīng)具備了一定的實力。第四類是兼做鑄造模具的其它一些模具廠。總之,鑄造模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)呈多元化,并向高水平發(fā)得顯著的經(jīng)濟效益4。(3)壓鑄模具材料制造沖壓模具的材料有鋼材、硬質合金、鋼結硬質合金、鋅基合金、低熔點合金、鋁青銅、高分子材料等等。目前制造沖壓模具的材料絕大部分以鋼材為主,常用的模具工作部件材料的種類有:碳素工具鋼、低合金工具鋼、高碳高鉻或中鉻工具鋼、中碳合金鋼、高速鋼、基體鋼以及硬質合金、鋼結硬質合金等等。在模具中應用較多的碳素工具鋼為T8A、T10A等,優(yōu)點為加工性能好,價格便宜。但淬透性和紅硬性差,熱處理變形大,承載能力較低。低合金工具鋼是在碳素工具鋼的基礎上加入了適量的合金元素。與碳素工具鋼相比,減少了淬火變形和開裂傾向,提高了鋼的淬透性,耐磨性亦較好。用于制造模具的低合金鋼有擔任著不可替代的角色。因此,壓鑄工業(yè)的發(fā)展在很大程度上是以汽車工業(yè)為依托;也可以說,壓鑄工業(yè)則是汽車工業(yè)的重要的支撐工業(yè)之一。CrWMn、9Mn2V、7CrSiMnMoV(代號CH-1)、6CrNiSiMnMoV(代號GD)等5。 (4)壓鑄應用軟件和鑄件應用范圍壓鑄件的應用范圍很廣,幾乎涉及所有工業(yè)門類,而在應用中,若以數(shù)量之大,品種之多,要求之嚴,品質之高以及金屬材料用量之大等多方面綜合而言,則應以汽車工業(yè)為最。在世界汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展史上,各種零部件的設計和應用過程中,壓鑄零件的采用則是重大的研究。課題之一,說明壓鑄工業(yè)在這方面擔任著不可替代的角色。因此,壓鑄工業(yè)的發(fā)展在很大程度上是以汽車工業(yè)為依托;也可以說,壓鑄工業(yè)則是汽車工業(yè)的重要的支撐工業(yè)之一6。模具企業(yè)應用的軟件主要有CADCAM/CAE,在我國壓鑄應用軟件起步比較晚,技術還沒有普及。1.2.2 .國外壓力鑄造的發(fā)展動向壓鑄生產(chǎn)和壓鑄技術在工業(yè)發(fā)達國家中作為一個工業(yè)門類而稱為壓鑄工業(yè)。該工業(yè)隨著整個工業(yè)體系的發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代科學技術的進步而飛速前進。工業(yè)發(fā)達國家十分重視壓鑄工業(yè)的先進技術的研究與開發(fā)工作。北美壓鑄協(xié)會研究開發(fā)委員會在1992年發(fā)起研究課題項目以來,到1995年,參與研究與開發(fā)工作的國家、研究機構、企業(yè)和。大學日益增多。研究的課題項目涉及壓鑄的所有各個方面,這些研究在世界上都屬于高水平、第一流的7。研究者都表現(xiàn)出高度的負責精神和極大的熱情,愿意為促進壓鑄工業(yè)的發(fā)展站在最前列。一個國際性的壓鑄工業(yè)聯(lián)合發(fā)展行動已經(jīng)形成。計算機技術在壓鑄上的應用方面已開發(fā)的項目有:產(chǎn)品的輔助設計和快速原型制造、模具的輔助設計與制造、輔助管理、輔助工程和模擬。目前開發(fā)和討論較多的是計算機模擬技術,模擬的對象包括:慢壓射速度對壓室內(nèi)的金屬流的影響、澆口設計和尺寸預示鑄件質量、填充過程的流動與熱分析、凝固過程、型腔內(nèi)氣體的影響、模具型腔失效起因、模具整體撓曲變形、預示鑄件缺陷(幾乎是任何類型的缺陷)等。下面僅以一個實例來展示計算機技術的應用效果。該鑄件原為灰鑄鐵件,現(xiàn)改為壓鑄件。計算機輔助工作分為輔助設計模具和模擬流動與熱分析。輔助設計的內(nèi)容有:幾何形狀設計、冷卻水道設置、澆口和溢流系統(tǒng)。模擬的連續(xù)填充和熱分析是用摘出的記錄圖片來說明(圖片順序依次為):連續(xù)填充(從“料餅”、澆口、型腔至溢流槽)、超過填充時間會產(chǎn)生冷隔的部位、型腔內(nèi)局部填充速度過高出現(xiàn)霧化并粘附型芯、凝固過程、熱節(jié)部位未得到壓實、不同部位(點)的溫度2時間曲線(型腔和鑄件)、填充完畢12s后測得模具型腔最高溫度處為205、57s后取出鑄件而模溫下降、噴酒潤滑劑后模溫繼續(xù)下降。所有彩色圖像(圖片)清晰明了、令人信服。綜上所述,國外壓鑄的發(fā)展是包含許多方面和全方位的。我國壓鑄已經(jīng)有了良好的基礎,今后,瞄準國外的先進技術、學習國外的經(jīng)驗,縮短差距,為提高我國壓鑄的生產(chǎn)水平和推動技術進步,則是國內(nèi)壓鑄業(yè)界和同仁共同努力的目標。1.3 研究或解決的問題在分析端蓋零件壓鑄工藝的基礎上,論述了壓鑄模的設計要點,利用UG軟件強大的三維造型功能,使用UG建模模塊中的旋轉,陣列,倒圓等實體特征。構造出端蓋的三維數(shù)據(jù)模型,并完成了端蓋的壓鑄模設計縮短了模具的設計和制造時間,增加了市場競爭力。同時應考慮到該壓鑄件內(nèi)部結構較為復雜,壁厚薄不均,且薄壁上有孔洞,要求脫模時候,防止表面、特別是底部產(chǎn)生裂紋,推桿頂出時候受力要均勻,加工支承面應平整無毛刺、氣泡和鑄造殘留物。鑄件底面厚度小,在模具設計時應充分考慮分型面和澆注系統(tǒng)。2 壓鑄件的結構端蓋是汽車零件的一個重要零部件,其外殼大多采用鋁合金壓鑄成形。其結構如圖所示。圖2-1 鑄件的結構圖圖2-2 鑄件的三維圖該壓鑄件基本形狀為圓形端蓋類零件,最大外形尺寸64mm,上內(nèi)孔尺寸為19mm,下內(nèi)孔尺34mm,圓環(huán)邊緣有三個圓形孔,兩側有加寬的半圓尺寸為15mm。鑄件的平均壁厚為5mm,但也有局部不均勻。3 壓鑄件工藝性分析本鑄件的材料為zl108,其抗拉強度為195MPa;硬度為HBS85,具有較高的室溫和高溫力學性能,耐熱性好,其鑄造工藝性能優(yōu)良,無熱裂傾向,氣密性高,線收縮小,但有較大的吸氣傾向,但切削加工性較差。(1)出模斜度:出模斜度的大小與鑄件幾何形狀,高度或深度,壁厚及型腔或型芯表面狀態(tài)等有關,在允許范圍內(nèi)宜采用較大的出模斜度,以減小所需要的推出力或抽芯力。對于鋁合金,配合面的最小出模度外表面a=015,內(nèi)表面b=030,非配合面的最小出模斜度外表面a=030,內(nèi)表面b=1。(2)壓鑄孔:壓鑄件上的孔應盡量鑄出,這不僅使壁厚盡量均勻,減少熱節(jié),節(jié)省金屬材料,而且減少機加工工時。壓鑄工藝的特點之一是能直接鑄出細而深的小孔,壓鑄技術手冊表4-6鑄件中的6個通孔均符合壓鑄要求,但由于分型面的選擇,使直徑為5.5mm的孔不能鑄出,所以應先鑄出3.5mm的通孔,然后加工。(3)鑄造圓角等:鑄造圓角可使金屬液流暢,氣體容易排出,可避免因銳角而產(chǎn)生裂紋,因此在模具的拐角處應采用鑄造圓角。4 機械加工余量由于壓鑄的特點是快速凝固,因此鑄件表面形成細晶粒的致密層,具有較高的機械性能,盡量不要加工去掉。過大的加工余量會暴露不夠致密的內(nèi)部組織。但是,某些部位還是應該進行機械加工。如裝配表面、裝配孔、成型困難沒有鑄出的一些形狀如此壓鑄件的側向螺紋孔、側向小孔,去除內(nèi)澆口、溢流口后的多余部分等。影響鑄件加工余量主要是幾個裝配孔,參考鑄造技術手冊表4-13推薦的加工余量選擇,孔按直徑確定。直徑為3.5mm的加工余量為0.05mm,直徑為11mm的加工余量為0.15mm,直徑為34mm的加工余量為0.25mm。5 鑄件線收縮及鑄件尺寸公差鑄件的原材料為ZL108,參考鑄造技術手冊表4-11取阻礙收縮為0.4%,自由收縮為0.8%。參考鑄造技術手冊表4-15GB 6414-86,選擇鋁合金端蓋的壓鑄公差為CT=6。再由表4-15GB 6414-86,選取公差數(shù)值8。圖5-1 鑄件的前視圖圖5-2 鑄件的俯視圖自由收縮:(mm)1. 7.5*(1+0.008)=7.60.52 2. 51*(1+0.008)=51.40.703. 49*(1+0.008)=49.40.70 4. 44.5*(1+0.008)=44.90.705. 38*(1+0.008)=38.30.64 6. 26*(1+0.008)=26.20.647. 48*(1+0.008)=48.40.70 8. 5*(1+0.008)=5.00.48 9. 7*(1+0.008)=7.10.52 10. 5*(1+0.008)=5.00.4811. 6*(1+0.008)=6.00.48 12. 7*(1+0.008)=7.10.52 13. 8*(1+0.008)=8.10.52 14. 10*(1+0.008)=10.10.52受阻收縮:(mm)(1) 19*(1+0.004)=19.10.58 (2) 3.5*(1+0.004)=3.50.40(3) 5.5*(1+0.004)=5.50.48 (4) 11*(1+0.004)=11.00.54(5) 34*(1+0.004)=34.10.646 壓鑄模具的設計6.1 確定成型腔數(shù)考慮到零件尺寸大小適中,在分型面上的投影面積也比較適中,本設計采用一模二腔的成型方法。6.2 分型面的選擇分型面是指壓鑄模具動模和定模的結合表面,模具一般只有一個分型面9-10。在選擇分型面時有以下幾個要點。(1) 有利于澆注系統(tǒng)的布置;(2) 有利于型腔深度的減小,在設計高度低一點的盤、蓋、環(huán)類零件壓鑄模時,原則上要選擇投影面積最大的端面為分型面。這樣不但模具的厚度小、結構簡單、加工制作方便,而且有利于模具上涂料的金屬液的填充、排氣,同時還有利于推桿機構將壓鑄件推出。(3) 有利于脫模,鑄件在開模后留在動模部分內(nèi) 這樣才能便于脫模。(4) 有利于壓鑄件精度的提高。分型面確定對于壓型結構的復雜程度和加工制造是否方便,以及鑄件質量有很大的影響,為了方便取出鑄件,分型面取在鑄件的最大的截面上,且在開型時,應使鑄件留在動型內(nèi)。最大截面圖中有兩個,選擇在D處,如果使上部份做定模,下部份做動模,在動模上則會出現(xiàn)圓柱上大下小,不能脫模,如果動定模相反,定模開模時不易取出;選擇在C處,上部份做動模下部份做定模就不會出現(xiàn)這種情況,并且結構簡單,動、定模行腔錯位對鑄件影響較小,所以分型面如圖黃線C所示,有利于脫模并能保證制品質量。圖6-1 鑄件的二維圖6.3 壓鑄機的選擇6.3.1 臥式冷室壓鑄機結構臥式冷室壓鑄機基本組成如圖6-2所示11。圖6-2 臥式冷室壓鑄機1增壓器;2蓄能器;3壓射缸;4壓射沖頭;5壓室;6定座板;7拉桿;8動座板;9頂出缸;10曲肘機構;11支承座板;12模具高度;13合模缸;14機體;15控制柜;16電機及泵6.3.2 .計算零件的投影面積A1=3.14*(642/4+7.52)*2=6784 mm2澆道系統(tǒng)的投影面積A2=(0.150.30)A1 選0.2A2=0.2*6784=1357 mm2余料的投影面積A3=3.14*d2/4 選壓室直徑d為40mm(即沖頭直徑40mm) 則A3=3.14*402/4=1256 mm2排溢系統(tǒng)A4=(0.10.2)A1 選0.13 則A4=0.13*6784=882 mm2縱投影面積A= A1+ A2+ A3+ A4 =6784+1357+1256+882 10279 mm26.3.3 計算脹型力,鎖型力,初選壓鑄機型號鑄件是一般鑄件,選曾壓比Pb=40N/mm2 F脹=40*10279=411.16kNF鎖= F脹/k=411.16/0.85=483.7KN所以可初選用鎖型力為630KN的J116E型壓鑄機12。6.3.4 計算澆入合金液的重量鑄件凈重G1=50*2=100g,查表13鋁合金的液態(tài)密度為p=2.5g/cm3澆道的重量G2=V2p=13.74*0.8*2.5=27.1預料G3 設余料厚度為30mmG3=V3p=12.56*3.0*2.5=94.2 g排溢系統(tǒng)G4設溢流槽的深度為4mmG4=V4p=8.82*0.4*2.5=8.8 g澆入合金的總量G= G1+ G2+ G3+ G4=100+27.1+94.2+8.8=230.1g6.3.5 壓鑄機的校核選J116E時,沖頭直徑40mm的澆注量為0.5Kg充滿度=230.1/500*100/100=46%通常要求充滿度在40%75%范圍14,所以充滿度符合要求。壓住模具的厚度H為225mm, Hmin+10mmHHmax-10mm 也就是(150+10)mm225mm(350-10)mm,所以模具的厚度符合要求。壓鑄機開模后,應使壓鑄機動模座板行程(L)大于或等于能取出鑄件的最小距離L取,由于動模座板行程L為240mm,取出鑄件的最小距離L取L芯+L件+k L芯為型芯的距離,L件為鑄件的距離,K一般取10mmL取17mm+17mm+10mm=44mm,因為240mm44mm,所以也符合要求因此以上選J116E符合要求。它的參數(shù)是:最大金屬澆注量0.5kg鋁,壓鑄模厚度150mm-350mm,動模座板行程240mm,合模力為630KG,壓射力為90KG,頂出力為52KG,壓室直徑35,45mm,頂出行程60mm,動模板尺寸480*480mm,機器重量3500KG。6.4 澆注系統(tǒng)的設計6.4.1 澆注位置的確定鑄件中心有型芯,所以不宜采用中心澆注,易采用側面澆注,澆注位置選在最大環(huán)形圓柱面得中點位置15。澆注系統(tǒng)主要有直澆道、橫澆道、內(nèi)澆口以及余料組成,橫澆道的截面形狀采用扁梯形,內(nèi)澆口為環(huán)型側澆口16。6.4.2 內(nèi)澆道的尺寸內(nèi)澆口截面積17Ag=k*G1/2=4*1151/2=44內(nèi)澆道的深度D1=2mm 則寬度C1=44/2=22mm6.4.3 橫澆道的尺寸橫澆道是直澆道的末端到內(nèi)澆口前段的鏈接通道。橫澆道的結構形式主要取決于壓鑄件的結構形式和輪廓尺寸,內(nèi)澆口的位置,方向和寬度,以及型腔的分布情況。橫澆道可分為(1)扇形橫澆道 (2)T形橫澆道 (3)錐形切向橫澆道 (4)圓形橫澆道設計橫澆道的原則(1)橫澆道的截面面積是從直澆道到內(nèi)澆口應保持均勻或逐漸縮小,不允許有突然的擴大或縮小現(xiàn)象,以免產(chǎn)生渦流。 (2)橫澆道厚度方向應平直,當采用逐漸縮截面積時,可有方向斜角,不應該設計成曲面形狀,以免產(chǎn)生裹氣或流態(tài)不穩(wěn)。 (3)在任何情況下橫澆道截面積都應大于內(nèi)澆口截面積;一模多型腔時,主橫澆道截面積應大于各分支橫澆道截面積之和。 (4)臥式冷室壓鑄機的橫澆道應處于直澆道的正上方或側上方,以避免金屬液在壓射前流入橫澆道,其他類型壓鑄機則無此要求。 綜合考慮選用扇形橫澆道。D2=(58)D1=10mm Ar橫澆道面積D2= C1Ar1/2 W橫澆道寬度 D2橫澆道深度W=C2 Ar1/2 C1 C2系數(shù)C1=0.678 C2=1.595W=13.5 取整為14mm 6.4.4 直澆道尺寸沖頭直徑d=40mm 則直澆道的直徑也為40mm6.4.5 溢流槽的設計參照鑄造手冊:全部的溢流槽的溢流口截面積的總和An應等于內(nèi)澆口截面積Ag的60%70%An=0.6*44=26.4mm2設計二個弓形溢流槽,溢流口的截面積為15mm2R/mma/mmH/mmh/mmc/mmb/mmB/mmFy/cm2Vy/cm310681.011519.63.021.486.4.6 澆注系統(tǒng)的二維視圖圖6-3 澆注系統(tǒng)的二維圖6.5 推桿尺寸計算推桿的直徑是有推桿端面在壓鑄件上允許承受的受推力決定的,由參考文獻查得18,其計算公式如下推出力為 F=F1() F1=ap AF/np a型芯被包緊部位的表面積為13693 p鑄件對型芯的包緊力 鋁合金去1012Mpa 取p=10Mpa 鑄件與型芯的摩擦因子(=0.20.25) 取=0.2 型芯成型部位的脫模斜度取15 n頂出桿的個數(shù),n=11 p 鋁合金的許用受推力為50MPa通過計算得A15,本設計采用的十一根推桿直徑為6mm的推桿,每個推桿前端截面積均為28.26mm2。6.6 排氣、冷卻系統(tǒng)溢流槽的結構其截面形狀采用半圓形,排氣槽與溢流槽配合,布置在溢流槽后端以加強溢流和排氣效果19。排氣槽示意圖圖6-4 排氣系統(tǒng)的示意圖6.7 模體設計6.7.1 模體設計概述構成模體的結構件主要包括:定模座板、定模套板、動模套板、支承板、墊塊、動模座板、導柱、導套20。基于本次課題所設計的動模套版,定模套板尺寸剛度符合需求,故省去支承板,采用現(xiàn)在常用的不通孔模架。6.7.2 模體尺寸定模座板:長460mm,寬250mm,厚25mm;動模座板:長460mm,寬250mm,厚25mm;定模套板:長400mm,寬250mm,厚60mm;動模套板:長400mm,寬250mm,厚60mm;墊塊: 長250mm,寬50mm, 厚80mm;推板: 長290mm,寬200mm,厚25mm;推板支撐板:長290mm,寬200mm,厚12mm。6.7.3 材料及熱處理后硬度導柱,復位桿采用材料GCr15,熱處理后強度要求為50-55HRC,推桿采用GCr15,熱處理后要求強度為50-55HRC,推板和推板固定板采用45鋼,熱處理要求回火。其他零件的材料選用45鋼,熱處理要求25-32HRC。7 模具的裝配利用UG中實體的相關性檢驗和虛擬裝配技術,進行三維實體裝配,然后按要求在指定的位置剖切,生成三維的模具立體圖和二維的模具工程裝配圖見圖紙。圖7-1 模具三維立體圖8 結論本次設計最后采用不通孔模架,因為不通孔模架可簡化模具結構和制造工序,節(jié)省材料,模具的剛度和強度較好,比起通孔模架有更大的優(yōu)越性。整個模架有定模套版、動模套版、推板、推板固定板、墊塊、動模座板組成。整體尺寸為400250245。導柱、復位桿采用的材料是GCr15,熱處理后強度要求為5055HRC,推桿采用GCr15,熱處理后要求強度為5055HRC,推板和推板固定板采用45鋼。推出機構采用11根推桿,鑄件上8根,排溢槽上2根,澆注系統(tǒng)上布置1根,以方便脫出。復位機構采用4根復位桿,分別位于推板固定板的4個頂角,由于整體模具不大,為設計加工的簡便省去推板導柱與導套,利用復位桿進行推板導柱的作用?;啬r通過4根于動模座板上的限位釘對推板進行精確的定位。經(jīng)過初選計算和最終核算,本次設計采用J116E臥式冷室壓鑄機,取用40mm的壓室直徑。設計的模具采用整體式結構,整體式結構成形部分的型腔直接在模板上加工而成,是模塊和型腔構成一個整體。整體式結構的強度高,剛度好,壓鑄件表面光滑平整,模具裝配量較小,外形尺寸較小,可不用進行熱處理。利用UG的CAD/CAM 集成功能,在端蓋壓鑄模設計中成功地利用UG的草圖設計,旋轉,陣列,倒圓和虛擬裝配等技術完成了三維建模及模具設計,為模具設計提供了一種新方法,利用UG了強大的圖形處理功能和裝配設計能力,以面向裝配的設計思想為指導!結合壓鑄型設計的特點,并充分考慮到設計過程的并行性,縮短了模具的設計和制造時間,提高了壓鑄型設計的靈活性,增加了市場競爭力。致謝本次畢業(yè)設計是在王明杰老師的細心指導下完成的。王老師模具專業(yè)知識淵博、理論與實際結合能力強以及勤奮樸實的工作精神給學生留下了極其深刻的印象。在本次畢業(yè)設計過程中,王老師嚴格要求我們,百忙中悉心指導工藝設計理論結合實踐知識,耐心解說合成過程中的疑難點,使我得以順利完成本次設計。在論文的寫作過程中,王老師嚴格按照系畢業(yè)生論文要求,精心指導我論文的寫作,值此論文完成之際,謹向王老師表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感謝!最后在離校之際感謝四年來精心教導我的老師們,祝愿老師們身體健康,工作愉快。參考文獻 1陳金城,翟春泉快速成長中的中國壓鑄機制造業(yè)J特種鑄造及有色合金2010(9) 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DOI:103901CJME201005547,available online at wwwcjmenetcorn;wwwcjmenetcomcn Design and Verification of an Auxiliary System for High Vacuum Die Casting GE Xiaohon912一,HUANG Hongwul,LI Hui2,and LIU Yadanl 1 School ofPhysics and MechanwalElectrical Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005China 2 Institute ofMaterial Processing and DieMould Integrated Technology,Xiamen University ofTechnology, Xiamen 36102幺China Received January26,2010;revisedAugustl8,2010;acceptedAugust25,2010;published electronicallyAugust26,2010 Abstract:Vacuum die casting is the optimal method to produce high quality aluminum alloy componentsAt present,there arc still very few systematic studies on Vacllum die casting theory and equipment designOn the basis of the existing theories of the vacuum die casting pumping and venting systemsa simplified model is established in this researchThe model has an aggregate unit consisted of vacuum pump+buffer tank”and a cylindrical container(including the shot sleeve,cavity and exhaust channel)The theoretical analysis is carried out between the cavity pressure and the pumping time under different volume modelsAn auxiliary system for high vacuunl die casting is designed based on the above analysisThis system is composed of a vacuum control machine and a new vacuum stop valveThe machine has a human-computer control mode with“programmable logic controller(PLC)+touch SClealand a real-time monitoring function of vacuunl degree for buffer tank and die cavityThe vacuum stop valve with the“compressed gas+ piston rod+labyrinth groove”structure can realize the function of whole-process vacuum ventingThe henri,system shows great advantages on vacuuming the cavity with a much faster speed by making tests oil all existing die casting mold and a 250 t die casting machineA die cavity pressure less than 10 kPa can be reached within 08 s in the experiment and the porosity ofcastings can be greatly decreasedThe systematic studies on vacuum die casting theory and equipment have a great guiding significance for high vacuuin die casting,and call also be applied to other high vacuum forming in related theoretical and practical research Key words:vacuum die casting,pumping model,high vacuum,vacIllmll stop valve,auxiliary system 1 Introduction Higll vacuum die casting technology is a special die casting process during which a cavity pressure less than 10 kPa call be obtainedThis technology can reduce or eliminate the porosity in die castings,with the air entrainment content being merely 1-3 mL per 1 00 gThe obtained castings can be used for further processing such as heat treatment and welding。etctl-21The key technology of lligh vacuunl die casting is to design a highsensitive vacuum pumping systemThe difficulty lies in establishing a modeling of pumping processSome scholars have studied on the theoretical model or practical application in this aspect BAR-M匝IlL et alt3-41studied the air venting of die casting and the ph)rsical modeling of vacuunl pumping processThey believed there was a critical vent area during the die casting processWhca the effective vent area of a vent valve was smaller than the critical area,the venting process was insufficienthence a lot of gases were involved in the liquid metalWhen the effective vent area was larger, the liquid metal was overflowed easilyNOURIBORUJE一 Corresponding authorEmail:xmlggxh163corn This project is supported by Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No2007J0 1 70),and Xiamen Municipal Natural Science Foundation ofChina(Grant No3502220093034) RDIet alt51built a transient model for the residual air mass in the die cavity during the injection processThev considered the influence of the molten metal viscosity temperature,injection velocity and friction factor,and thus improved the numerical simulation calculation method in this fieldHERNANDEZet al【improved the model of BARM【EIR et a1and took into account such unsteady factors as friction and air flow variation during vacuum pumping1nhis improved physical model was suitable for both conventional die casting and vacuum die casting There were many other studies on the die casting venting and vacuum die casting pumping internationally,but most of them stayed at the theoretical level and were mostly numerical simulations for the venting process HUet al【卜of Tsinghua University,China,carried out the theoretical calculation and experimental study of the decline of vacuum pressure in the cavity pumped directly by a vacuunl pumpThey compared a theoretical curve with a measured curve of the pressure in the cavityOnly when the time of vacuum pumping exceeded 25 san ideal cavity vacuum pressure less than l 0 kPa could be obtailled 、)liA Net alL。厶刈from Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China,independently developed a key technology related to high vacuum die casting based on minimum filling time(MFT)methodThey designed an auxiliary system with a bufrer tank that the mechanical 萬方數(shù)據(jù) 548 GE Xiaohong,et al:Design and Verification ofan Auxiliary System for High Vacuum Die Casting valve could be closed by the impact of liquid metal flow This system could decrease the pressllre of cavity to 10 kPa within 1 s Based on the current Iiterature,few studies provide theoretically sound analysis and practical sound design for a vacuum die casting system with a buffer tankThis paper is to carry out theoretical research and calculation analysis of the high vacuum pumping system model with a buffer tank,to study the relationship between pressure in die cavity and the pumping time,and to develop a high vacuum die casting auxiliary system which Call satisfythe high vacuunl experiment requirements 2 Theoretical Model of Pumping System with a Buffer Tank The vacuum pumping scheme with a buffer tank is shown in Fig1【4】A large buffer tank,as a vacuum source, is added to extract the gas out of the cavity between the vacuum pump and the mouldThe gas in the buffer tank is drawn out unceasingly by the vacuum pump Fig1Scheme ofvacuum pumpkng system with a buffer tank A simplified model is given in Fig2 for the theoretical calculation of hi【曲vacuum venting based on the above scheme必n is the Math number at duct entrance,Jjlt is the Mach number at duct exit,and re(t)is the number of moles of gas in die cavity vacutlrtl entrance Fig2Theoretical calculation model for air venting In this model。the unfilled shot sleeve。the runner and the die cavity are combined and regarded as a cylindrical container fcalled the cylinder)【jJGases are vented through the duct to the buffer tank功e main resistance to gas flow is in the ductThe following assumptions about this model are made for the theoretical calculation: (1)AU gases are ideal gases (2)1nhe venting period is very short,the gases temperatu- re is at 300 k and the heat transfer of gases is not considered (3)111e effect of gases leakage on the venting process is neglected (4)The volume of vacuum valve duct is sinail compared to the gas duct,thus can be negligible According to the model established for the venting process in high vacuum die casting,the following formulas can be established to relate the gas pressure in the cavity to the pumping timeIn performing the calculations,and 朋rout at the duct entrance and exit can be obtained by solving Eqs(1)一(3)3一10l as follows: 警=愕L一陪1, m 篇P=(+盟2 M二廠老。(f) I ”J M。 ,+等M二 +竿帆2 t+l II (2) (3) Within the time interval At,the gases mass Am flowing from the cylinder through the vent to the outside can be obtained by Eq(4)t5-6: Am=pgAAt=PoM,(-bi+等M:產(chǎn)觸 The cavity pressures po(t)and p“力can be obtained by Eqs(5),(6),respectively: (5) (6) where the dimensionless quantity 4fLD is the resistance coefficient in the duct,usually taking 3 to 7p“f)is the pressure at duct exit,po(t)is the pressure in die cavity,k is the specific heat ratio of air,Am is the number of moles of gas entering the duct in unit timeP is the air density,R is the molar gas constant“is the gas velocity at the vent entrance,A=n(D2)2 is the vent cross-sectional are41,K is the cylinder volume,瑪is the buffer tank volume,and K is the duct volume,V4=“+ The gas duct has diameter of 20 mill and length of 3 m The buffer tank is selected with l 50 LThe vacuum pump with the pumping speed of 8 Ls is to be used,and the bufrer tank is pumped to have an initial pressure of 08 kPa r r一 豎 堅守半 一 一 m一 陋 II =、,、J f f,L,L 風 風 萬方數(shù)據(jù) CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGEERING 549 Table presents the values for the calculation TableValues for the initial calculation conditions Initial condition Value Cylinder volume VIL dllct Di8n柵Dmm Length Lm Pressure at 0 spo(O)kPa Pressure in final po(t)kPa Pressure at 0 sp,(O)kPa Specific heat ratio ofairK Resistance coefficient 4fLIrt o5,10,15 20 4 1013 lO 8 141 In the range of37here taking the value of5 Vacuum tank volume圪L 150 Duct volume nL 94 Pumping speed of the vacuulll pump 。 S(L5-1) 6 Molar gas constant R 83 I 4 Ambient temperature rK 300 Cylinder(shot sleeverunner and die cavity)with the volumes of 05 L10 L and 15 L are taken for the calculationne calculation results are as shown in Fig3 Whell=15 L,it only takes 073 s to decrease the pressure in the die cavity to 9885 kPa by pumping and the lowest pressure can reach 8974 kPataking only 083 s jd 瓷 善 躥 蘭 營 竺 凸 Fig3Relation curves between the die cavity pressure and time The calculation equations for the above theoretical model are established without considering the unceasing evacuation of the vacuum tank by the vacuum pumpThe time of pumping the buffer tank call be estimated by Eqs (7),(8)1l】: 一咕g營, v=巧+ (7) (8) where t is the pumping time,昂is the nominal pumping speed,V is the volume of the target container,n is the volume of the buffer tank,坎is the volume of the pumping duct,pi is the initial pressure in the target container,P is the target pressure in the target container, and the dimensionless quantity K is the correction cocfficient, taking l herein】 111e time to pump the buffer tank to 08 kPa in advance is calculated as follows: ,=23量,q喜gP歹l一。一,、-,、150i+94。x lg10000063 s (9)l口一R V-9 8 000 、7 There is a relatively long time not necessarily to be of vacuum before the liquid metal filling the cavityThis time can be used to preevacuate the vacuum tank 3 Design and Realization of a High Vacuum Auxiliary System On the basis of the above theoretical modela high vacuum die casting auxiliary system is designed with following core parts such as the control systemvaounl valve and pneumatic systemThe design and realization processes will be introduced briefly in the following sections 31 Design and realization of the control system The control system adopts the industrial control mode of “PLC+touch screen”It can perform realtime monitoring of the vacuum pump,various solenoid valves,buffer tank, vacuum valve and die cavityThe schematic diagram and photo of the control system are given in Fig4The operation interfaces are given in Fig5 32 Design of vacuum valve and pneumatic control To achieve the best vacuum die casting result,it must be guaranteed that high vacuum level in the die cavity can be maintained until the cavity is completely filled with liquid metalThe vacuum pumping charmel should be closed at the moment that the filling endsTherefore。the vacuum valve working mode is the key to realize this processThe developed vacuum valve has different structure from the existing onestl2-19A mode of“compressed gas+piston rod J1abyrinth grooveis originally created and the inertial impact of the liquid metal is used to close the vent channelwhose response time is only 15 msTherefore the wholeprocess vacuum ventingis realized in die casting Finally,the automatic reset of the vacuum valve is achieved with the assistance of the compressed gasThe structure and photos of the vacuum valve are given in Fig6The vacuum valve can also be controlled by the compressed air The circuit diagram of pneumatic control of vacuum valve isgiven inFig7 萬方數(shù)據(jù) 550 GE Xiaohong,et al:Design and Verification ofan Auxiliary System for High Vacuum Die Casting (a)Control system diagram I,2-Programmable controller;3-Touch screen; 4,5-Solenoid valve;6-Pressure transmitier; 7-Pressure regulating valve (b)Control system object Fig4Schematic diagram and object ofthe control system Fig5Operation interfaces ofthe control system (a)Inlemal structure ofthe vacuLim valre module Outside configuration andphoto ofthe vacuumvalve Fig6Structure and photos of the vacuum valve Fig7Circuit diagram ofthe pneumatic control ofthe vacuum valve 1,5-22 way pilot-operated solenoid valve; 2,632Way pilotoperated solenoid valve; 3-32way direct-operated solenoid valve; 4-22way directoperated solenoid valve; 7,8一Pressure regulating valve; 9一Pressure transmitter;10一Filter 4 Verification and Analysis of the Vacuum Pumping with the High Vacuum Auxiliary System 41 Experimental equipment and method ADCl2 alloy is used as the test material and the vacuum 萬方數(shù)據(jù) CHINESE JoURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGNEERING 551 die casting mould is designed for an automobile part(a bar), whose mass is 104 kg containing casting itself,the gating system and the ventAs shown in Fig8(a),the developed vacuum valve and mould are installed on the die casting machine,F(xiàn)ig8(b)shows the bar produced by this system Fig8Experiment ofvacuum die casting A ccrtain amount of ADC 1 2 iS melted to 953 Krefined for 1 5 rain by blowing argonand stood still for 1 0 min for thermal insulation castingThe mould iS heated to a preheating temperature 523 K with all electric heating rod The vacuum pressure in the buffer tank iS set to 1 0 kPa The vacuum levels following time in the cavity are shown in Fig9One curve is obtained by theoretical calculation and the other by measuring in the experiment processne two curves have the salne trend in the pressure drop section 芒 暮 l 璺 魯 套 者 Pumping time ts Fig9Measurement and theoretical calculation resuk 42 Observation of porosity castings The fatal defect of aluminum alloy die castings iS the porosityBy sampling,the X-ray inspection of the bars in connecting part without heat treatment indicates that the porosity of castings produced by conventional die casting is 1 00And the gas holes are widely distributed,whereas barely any gas hole can be seen in the castings by high vacuum die castingThe typical distribution of the gas holes are as shown in Fig1 0Thewhole-process vacuunl of this system iS synchronized with the iniectionachieving the whole-process venting,and satisfying the requirement of low porosity to the greatest extent Fig10Xray pictures ofcastings produced by conventional and vacuum die casting 5 Conclusions (1)The cavity venting process with a buffer tank in high vacuum die casting iS calculated and analyzedOn the basis of the specific parameters selected for the developed high Vacuum die casting auxiliary systemthe theoretical curves of cavity venting with different volumes are plotted ResulB show that,for aluminum castings less than 4 kg,the cavity pressure Can be decreased to l 0 kPa within 08 S theoretically using the vacuum pumping with a buffer tank of 1 50 LTo a certain degreeit reflects the vacuum pressure variation仃end in the cavity (2)A high vacuum die casting auxiliary system is developed based on the above calculation and analysis This system has a touch control interface with advantages of the simplicity and fast responseand a mechanical 萬方數(shù)據(jù) 。552。 一鯉Xiaohong,et al:Design and Verification ofan Auxiliary System for High Vacuum Die Casting vaL:Illlnl valve that call achieve vacuunl venting during the whole process with the response time of only 15 ms (3)The higIl vacuunl die casting auxiliary system has been used for trial production of ADCl2 alloy barsThe porosity decreases significantly compared to the conventional die casting technique (4)The systematic studies on vacuunl die casting theory and equipment have a great guiding significance for high vacutlnl die casting,and can also be applied to other hiigh vacuum forming such as vacuulTl injection References 【l】ZHAO Yunyun,WAN Li,PAN Huan,et a1Design and application of the vo,ctlllll,!shut-off valve and vacullln system for high vacuulll die castingCThe 12th National Special CastingNonferrous Alloys Annual Conference,Fuzhou,China,July 263 12008: 451454(in Chinese、 【2】ZHAO Ytmyun,WAN Li,PAN Huan,et a1Development and application of high vacuum die casting in aluminum alloyJ Special CastingNonferrous Alloys,2008,28(11):858-861(in Chinese) 【3】BAR-MEIR G,ECKERT E R G,GOLDSTEIN R JAir venting in pressure die castingJFluids Eng,1997,1 19(2):473_476 【4】BAR-MEIR G,ECKERT E R G,GOLDSTEIN R JA model of vacumpumpingJ爿m紀Z ManufScfEng,1996,118(2):259- 265 【5】NOURI-BORUJERDI A,GOLDAK J AModeling of air venting in pressure die casting processJASMEManuf SciEng,2004, 12“3):577-581 【6】HERNANDEZ JLOPEZ JFAURA FInfluence of unsteady effects on air venting in pressure die castingJASME Trans,2001, 1 23(4):884-892 【7】HU Bo,ONG Shoumei,MASAYAKI M,et a1Calculation aad experiment oll cavity vacuum p托ssurc in vBom die casting processJChina Foundry,2007,56(3):258-261 【8】HU 13,o,oNG Shoumei,MASAYAKI M,et a1Comparison experiments on evacuating capability of a high vacum valve and a zig-zag valve in vacBunl die casting process叨China Foundry, 2006,55(4):355-359 【9】WAN Li,PAN Huan,LUO JirongApplication and development trends ofhiigh vacuull die casting process and die casting aluminum alloys with high strength and ductilityJSpecial Casting Nonferrous Alloys,2007,27(12):939_942(in Chinese) 【i0WANG L HMathematical modelling of air evacuation in die casting proc6絡$via CASTvac and other venting devicesJ International Journal of Cast Metals Research,2007,20(4): 19l197 【1l】DAO DaanVacuum desgn manuaMBeijing:National Defense 【12】 【13l 【14】 【15】 【16】 【17 【l 8】 【19】 Industry Press2004(in Chinese) IWAMOTO TermyuZI NinngyokuVacuum control equipment and VacBLIm die casting method of die casting machine:China-CN 1709613【P】20051221 KAToU KoumeiMethod to eontroI the vacllunl level in vaGuunl die casting and vacuum control to accomplish this mahod:China, CN 115092lfPI1994一_0604 L1 YufengDie casting die designed and made by Japan-die casting method+local pressure pinJEn舒ne Fuel System,2000,12(4): 2肚24 WISER JA valve device used in die casting venting:Chi眠CN 1095000P1994一l l16 HODLER FDie casting 1095653P1994-1 1-30 LI Q BVacuum valve 25 1 8623P200210-30 module with rant valve:China,CN of die casting machine:Chin亂CN GU Y W,L1 J XVacuum valve sllaletttre of a die casting machine: China,CN 2301318P11998-12-23 ZHAO Y Y,WAN L,PAN HVacuum stop valve used for high vacuum die casting:China,CN 201061824P2008-05-21 Biographical notes GE Xiaohong。bom in 1964is currently a Phi)candidate in School of Physics and MechanicalInstitute of Material Processing and Die ECKERT E R G;GOLDSTEIN R J Air venting in pressure die casting外文期刊 1997(02) 2.ZHAO Yunyun;WAN Li;PAN Huan Development and application of high vacuum die casting in aluminum alloy期刊論文-Special Casting PAN Huan;LUO Jirong Application and development trends of high vacuum die casting process and die casting aluminum alloys with high strength and ductility期刊論文-Special Casting XIONG Shoumei;MASAYAKI M Comparison experiments on evacuating capability of a high vacuum valve and a zig-zag valve in vacuum die casting process期刊論文-China Foundry 2006(04) 5.HU Bo;XIONG Shoumei;MASAYAKI M Calculation and experiment on cavity vacuum pressure in vacuum die casting process期刊論文-China Foundry 2007(03) 6.HERNANDEZ J;LOPEZ J;FAURA F Influence of unsteady effects on air venting in pressure die casting 外文期刊 2001(04) 7.NOURI-BORUJERDI A;GOLDAK J A Modeling of air venting in pressure die casting process外文期刊 2004(03) 8.BAR-MEIR G;ECKERT E R G;GOLDSTEIN R J A model of vacuum pumping外文期刊 1996(02) 9.ZHAO Yunyun;WAN Li;PAN Huan Design and application of the vacuum shut-off valve and vacuum system for high vacuum die casting 2008 10.ZHAO Y Y;WAN L;PAN H Vacuum stop valve used for high vacuum die casting 2008 11.GU Y W;LI J X Vacuu
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