浙江省甌海區(qū)三溪中學(xué)高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞學(xué)案 新人教版

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1、 2012屆高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（非謂語動詞） 非謂語動詞（一）——動詞不定式 動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)和動名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)代英語將現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫作v + ing形式。這些動詞的形式不能在句中單獨(dú)作謂語用，因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語，也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定，因?yàn)椴皇侵^語，也就沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)，但這些詞仍能表示動作和狀態(tài)，所以仍有表示與其他動詞相對時間關(guān)系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此也有表示主、被動的形式，同時也有自己的賓語和狀語，一起構(gòu)成非謂語動詞的短語(動詞不定式短語，分詞短語，動名詞短語)。非謂語動詞在英

2、語語法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非謂語動詞形式多樣，應(yīng)用廣泛，且在句中起著很活躍的作用，也是語法項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，學(xué)好非謂語動詞，才能正確進(jìn)行口語和書面的交流。 動詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用，所以叫做非謂語動詞。 （一）動詞不定式： 動詞不定式由“to+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 1、動詞不定式的形式變化：動詞不定式有下列時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。

3、 語態(tài)式 一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式 完成進(jìn)行式 主 動 to build to have built to be building to have been building 被 動 to be build to have been build 2、動詞不定式的基本用法：動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語用，如： （1）作主語：To help each other is good.（動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.

4、 （2）作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時的be + 動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的謂語動詞為is，動詞不定式to set up… 為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式 to set up所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。）We are to

5、 set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的are to set up整個結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語，主語為we，同時也是動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。 （3）作賓語：①作及物動詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, ea

6、ger, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a litt

7、le girl run across the street. （5）動詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動詞不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定語：動詞不定式作定語時，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上

8、可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作狀語：動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語：①目的狀語： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或?yàn)榱耍?，但?yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her

9、English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②結(jié)果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。③too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動詞不定式，表示“足能…”的結(jié)果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不定式。其

10、中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help

11、him every day. 4、疑問詞 + 動詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、動詞不定式的否定式：動詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動詞不定式構(gòu)成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、動詞不定式的時態(tài)形式所表示的時間關(guān)系：（1）一般式：動詞不定式一般式所表示 的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，但在多數(shù)情況下，是在謂語動詞所表示的

12、動作之后發(fā)生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同時）；（2）完成式：動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）進(jìn)行式：動詞不定式進(jìn)行式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行中，而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in. 7、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用

13、法：如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般就用被動語態(tài)形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet. 練1、練習(xí)、非謂語動詞（一） 1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how 2. Paul said, "Give me

14、 a chair _____." A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on 3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice 4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? ---- Yes, I'll be very s

15、orry______ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 6. ---- I didn't hear you

16、come in last night. ---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be 7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good p

17、lace C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place 8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting 9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another

18、 store ______. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 11. ---- Did

19、the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering 12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday. A. not to have ea

20、ten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten 13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going . D. went 14.That box is____. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry

21、 it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry 15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please? A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind 16. To learn to speak English well,_____. A. much practice is needed

22、 B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice 17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 18. Last summer I took

23、 a course on ______ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 19. The house is not large enough ____ . A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living

24、20. Nobody likes ______. A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of 21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 22. I was surprised______. A. wa

25、tching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum. A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering 24. I saw Ma

26、ry ____ the house. A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into 25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long. A. play B. to play C. playing

27、D. played 26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 27. I don't know her and I don't ______ . A. want B. want to C. w ant it D. to want 28. ---- Go to the theatre wi

28、th me, will you? ---- I should like ______, but I don't have time. A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to 29. To play fair is as important as ______. A. to play well B. play well C. we play we ll D. playing well 30. It is th

29、e greatest happiness on earth ______. A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved 31. _____ is better to love than _____ . A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved

30、 D. It, to be loved 32. It's very foolish _____ it? A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house. A. cost B. took C. spent

31、 D. used 34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly. A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting 35. He told her ______ there at once. A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get 36. We all thin

32、k it most foolish ______ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 37. I really don't know ____ . A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim 38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult langu

33、age _____. A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken 非謂語動詞（二）——動詞-ing形式 （二）-ing形式：動詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動詞。-ing形式仍保留有動詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成-ing短語。 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動詞make 和不及物動詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下： 動詞 語態(tài) 形式 及物動詞

34、make 練2、練習(xí)、非謂語動詞（二） 1. Alien said that his trip was _______. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest 2. We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make

35、 C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 3. I couldn't understand ______ at the poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing 4. It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall. A. arguing

36、, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue 5. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 6. The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take

37、 B. taking C. being taken D. have 7. It's very kind ______ you ______ say so. A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, / 8. Some people's greatest pleasure is ______ . A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish

38、 D. being fishing 9. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put bac k D. will put back 10. You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be

39、 C. being not D. not being 11. Though he failed, he tried _______ it again and again. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done. 12. You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C

40、. having said D. to have said 13. You can keep the book until you ______ . A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read 14. We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again

41、. A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try 15. Most of the students enjoy_____ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 16. Excuse me for _____ in without ______. A. coming,

42、asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked 17. People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing : 18. "What do you think of the book?" "Oh. excellent, it's worth _______

43、a second time." A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 19. "I usually go there by train." "Why not ______ by boat for a change?" A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 20. I was too excited ______

44、. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking 21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 22. It is no use _____to come now. He is busy.

45、 A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him 23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking.

46、 A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive. 25. The computer centre, ______ last year is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened. 26. Do you know the boy _______ unde

47、r the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 27. Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 28. English is a language ______ in m

48、any countries. A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak 29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice. A. angrily, pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily, pointed D. and angrily pointing 30. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden

49、burst of Tight. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 31. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 32. _____their students, the famous teacher ca

50、me into the hall. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed 33. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you? A. to clean, to do B. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be

51、cleaned, doing 34. Does your new secretary ____ short hand? A. know to take B. know how to take C. know how take D. know how taking 35. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him. A. to tie B. tie C. tied D. tying 36. Would you pl

52、ease ______ write on the textbooks? A. don't B. not to C. not D. to not 37. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having 38. Your mother and I ar

53、e looking forward________ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing 39. The girl couldn't_____ how red his face was. A. help to notice B. be helping to notice C. be helping noticing D. help noticing 40. Excuse me, but it is time to hav

54、e your temperature ______. A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken 非謂語動詞（三）——過去分詞 （三）過去分詞： 1、過去分詞的基本用法：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動語態(tài)，它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如： （1）作定語：過去分詞作定語時，如果這個分詞是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，

55、如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week. （2）作表語：過去分詞作表語時，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：The glass is broken.這個玻璃杯是破的。 注：過去分詞作表語時，和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, dev

56、oted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 （3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：When I opened the door, I found the

57、ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：動詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補(bǔ)足語如為過去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找別人）把我的自行車給修了。 （4）作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen f

58、rom the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。） 獨(dú)立主格：上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中，-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語，但有時它們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語，這種獨(dú)立的主語，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing或過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語用，而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式，則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動作和句中謂語動詞所表示的時間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格

59、中是使用-ing或是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動被動關(guān)系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks

60、./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. 2、-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別： （1）語態(tài)不同：-ing形式表示主動概念，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說；the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾。 （2）時間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動作，而過去分詞所表示的動作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動作，如：The changing world正在發(fā)生的世界；the changed world已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。 練3、練習(xí)、非謂語動詞（

61、三） 1. There is no question of _____ able to finish it himself. A. Tom was B. Tom's being C. Tom's be D. Tom is 2. The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year. A. built B. be built C. being built

62、 D. to be built 3. "Have you had supper?" "Not yet. The meal_____." A. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked 4. "I'm glad ______ you here in the hotel." "It's my great pleasure to have you ______ us." A. meeting, to B. to have met, w

63、ith C. having met, among D. to meet, of 5. I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in English. A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood 6. Although in a hurry, Wilson ______. A. couldn't stop walking B. couldn't help the st

64、ranger C. stopped to help the stranger D. didn't answer the stranger 7. Janet is easy _____. A. for getting along with B. by getting along with C. to get along with D. got along with 8. Don't forget ______ the light

65、 when you leave. A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off 9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning ______. A. understanding what she means B. to understand that she meant C. to understand what she means

66、D. noticing what she means , 10. I think this story is _____ . A. worth being read B. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading 11. This scientist is a man ______ praise. A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth 12. I don't want ______ any more trouble, you see? A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be 13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.