英國(guó)文學(xué)作家,作品及主要特征風(fēng)格(吐血整理)

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人 書(shū) 腦 1 William Shakespeare 莎士比亞 1564 1616 Three periods 1 Historical plays 2 Great tragedies Hamlet 哈姆雷特 王子復(fù)仇記 Othello 奧塞羅 King Lear 李爾王 The Tragedy of Macbeth 麥克白 Timon of Athens 雅典的泰門(mén) Measure for Measure 惡有惡報(bào) 3 Tragi comedies The Tempest 暴風(fēng)風(fēng)雨 Renaissance Shakespearian sonnet 14 行詩(shī) Not for an age but for all time 永 垂不朽 Quatrain 成組句 Couplet 對(duì)偶句 2 John Milton 約翰 彌爾頓 1608 1674 The phases of Milton s life parallel the major historical and political divisions in Stuart Britain Three periods 1 Short poems L Allegro 歡樂(lè)的人 Il Penseroso 沉思的人 Comus 科馬斯 Lycidas 列西達(dá)斯 2 Pamphlets The Defense of the English people 為英國(guó)人民聲辯 The Second Defense of the English people 再為英國(guó)人民聲 Features Milton s poetry and prose reflect 1 deep personal convictions 2 a passion for freedom and self determination 3 the urgent issues and political turbulence 4 achieved international renown within his lifetime Special Features 1 Rich and complex texture multiplicity of the classical Biblical and mythological references 辯 3 poems Paradise Lost 失樂(lè)園 Paradise Regained 復(fù)樂(lè)園 Samson Agonistes 力士參孫 wealth of ornament and decoration 2 Subjects are magnificent 3 The characters are human and believable 4 In the ending life not death is triumphant Influence Romantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven Winston Churchill 3 Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾 迪福 1660 1731 1 The Father of the English Fiction 2 first important English novelist 標(biāo)志著近代英 國(guó)小說(shuō)的形成 3 versatile 多 產(chǎn)的 Fiction Robinson Crusoe 魯賓遜漂流記 1719 Captain Singleton 辛格爾頓船長(zhǎng) 1720 Moll Flanders 摩爾 弗蘭德斯 1722 A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年記事 1722 Non fiction The Shortest Way with the Dissenters 消滅不同教派的捷徑 Poems Hymn to the Pillory 枷鎖頌 wrote in prison imitated the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros 品達(dá)羅斯 The True Born Englishman 地道的英國(guó)人 1701 his first ironic poem an attack on pedantry 買弄學(xué)問(wèn) A Tale of A Tub 一個(gè)木桶的故事 1 in the form of a parable 2 a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Christianity itself Guilliver s Travels 格列佛游記 Lilliput 小人國(guó) the Tories 托利黨 direct and precise prose a master satirist deadly irony Literary Views 1 He firmly believed the educational function of literature 2 The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse but to instruct 3 the just copies of human manners Amelia 阿美利亞 人類態(tài)度的完整拷貝 Literary Features 1 The first to give the modern novel its structure and style 2 Third person narration all knowing God 3 The language is easy and familiar but quite vivid and vigorous 6 Robert Burns 彭斯 1759 1796 the national poet of Scotland 蘇格 蘭民族詩(shī)人 Poems in the Scottish Dialect 蘇格蘭方言詩(shī)集 Poems The Tree of Liberty 自由村 Scots Wha Hae 蘇格蘭人 The Two Dogs 兩只狗 His theme 1 Love Songs of Experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 simple without being naive childlike without being childish innocent without being insipid 乏味 The French Revolution 法國(guó)革命 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂與地獄的婚姻 名詩(shī) Lamb London The Tiger First Important Romantic Poet 1 Inner spiritual freedom of the individual 2 Plain simple direct immense meaning 3 Vision images 4 Symbolism 8 William Wordsworth 威廉 華茲華 斯 1770 1850 Poet Laureate 桂冠 詩(shī)人 Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌謠集 mark the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry The Solitary Reaper Composed upon Westminster Bridge Romantic Poetic Principles Preface classic statement of Romantic poetry principles manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetry developed and cherished a love of nature Theme Nature Ordinary people Ordinary life Preface Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings Literary Concept The function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things to incidents and situations from common life All kinds of people ordinary peasants children even outcasts can enter poetry Language in poetry 1 He advocated using the language of common people 2 Imagination was very important in poetic creation 9 Jane Austin 簡(jiǎn) 奧斯丁 1775 1817 Novels Pride and Prejudice 傲慢與偏見(jiàn) Sense and Sensibility 理智與情感 Emma 愛(ài)瑪 Mansfield Park 曼斯菲爾德公園 Persuasion 勸導(dǎo) Northanger Abbey 諾桑覺(jué) Fragments and early drafts Lady Susan The watsons Sanditon Writing Features 1 Her earliest fictional ventures are full of charming and delicate comedy 2 She was almost uninfluenced by the current fashions in fiction or by the revolutionary ideas 3 Simple stories of commonplace people of the upper middle class 4 Her works show a wealth of character studies and abound in wit humor and charm Themes She never touched upon the class conflicts of her time and in her works the extremes of wealth and poverty are unknown She restricted her subject matter to a narrow range of society and events a quiet prosperous middle class circle in provincial surroundings She treated her writing material with such subtlety of observation depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists 10 George Gordon Byron 喬治 拜倫 1788 1824 早期 Hours of Idliness 懶散的時(shí)刻 Edinburgh Review English Bords and Scottish Reviewers 英國(guó)詩(shī)人與蘇格蘭評(píng) 論家 Canto I II III 長(zhǎng)詩(shī) Childe Harold s Pilgrimage 恰羅德 哈羅德游記 Hebrew Melodies 歌謠集 Prison of Chillon Manfred 曼弗雷德 Cain 該隱 Don Juan 唐 璜 名詩(shī) She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行 Features Byron s poetry exerted great influence on the Romantic Movement owing to his attacks on political religious and moral hypocrisy to the romantic character of Byronic Hero and to the easy natural beauty of his verse 11 Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西 比 希 雪萊 1792 1822 Queen Mab 麥布女王 Features 1 Shelly was a revolutionary and a democrat He was fighting all his life against cruelty injustice authority and institutional religion 2 He held that poetry alone could Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普羅米修斯 The Cenci 欽契 Song to the Men of England 致英國(guó)人民 The Masque of Anarchy 專制魔王的化裝游行 Ode to the West Wind a Skylark 西風(fēng) 云雀頌 free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers 3 Poetry is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being 12 John Keats 約翰 濟(jì)茲 1795 1821 First work Endymion 恩底彌翁 Well known poets Isabella 伊莎貝拉 The Eve of Sanit Agnes 圣愛(ài)尼節(jié)前夜 On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀 Ode to a Nightingale 夜鶯頌 To Autumn 秋頌 Ode on a Grecian Urn 希臘古甕頌 Features His poetry is always sensuous colorful and rich in imaginary Keats has the power of entering the feelings of others either human or animal He declared that when he saw a bird on the lawn the entered imaginatively into the life of the bird 13 Charles Dickens 狄更斯 1812 1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外傳 Oliver Twist 奧利弗 退斯特 American Notes 美國(guó)札記 Martin Chuzzlewit 馬丁 朱述爾維特 The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 Dombey and Son 董貝父子 David Copperfield 大衛(wèi) 科波菲爾 Hard Times 艱難時(shí)世 Theme Charles continued to use his books to tell about the bad conditions that the working classes and poor people had to live under He hoped that by doing this things would change for the good but they just seemed to get worse Analysis of D C 1 It s an adapted account of Dickens own life from childhood to early adulthood 5 Aspects C P 2 The 1st point of view adds much A Tale of Two Cities 雙城記 Great Expectation 遠(yuǎn)大前程 to the realistic effects and sympathetic treatment of characters 3 The successful employment of child s point of view brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of David s experiences and his feelings 14 Thomas Hardy 哈代 1840 1928 Works The Return of the Native 還鄉(xiāng) The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng) Tess of the D urbervilles 德伯家的苔絲 Jude the Obscure 無(wú)名的裘德 史詩(shī)劇 The Dynasts 統(tǒng)治者三部曲 Three groups of his work Romances and Fantasies novels of ingenuity novels of character and environment Analysis of Tess 1 Fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of society and the inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded the English country and destroyed the peasantry from the root 2 Tess a typical victim of the society a personal and also social tragedy poverty society two men 3 Fate plays an important role 4 Justice was done and the President of the Immortals had Features 1 His view was rather gloomy and dark inevitable conflicts and tragedy of human life 2 His works are noted for the realistic presentation of life and social criticism 3 He is a great painter of nature Wessex 4 In style he is a traditionalist and heightens the local and regional color Theme 1 The struggle between men and his environment between aspiring human spirit and the external inanimate nature 2 Common working class people as heroes and heroines They are usually tragic ones who acquire self consciousness and question the fundamentals of society 3 Strong elements of naturalism and combined with a tendency towards ended his sport with Tess symbolism 15 Oscar Wilde 王爾德 1856 1900 aestheticism 唯美主義者 Art for art s sake 長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō) The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林 格雷的畫(huà)像 童話 The Happy Prince and Other Tales 快樂(lè)王子 詩(shī)集 De Prafundis 慘痛的呼聲 The Ballad of Reading Gaol 累丁獄之歌 劇作 Lady Windermere s Fan 溫德米爾夫人的扇子 A Woman of No Importance 一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的婦女 An Ideal Husband 理想丈夫 The Importance of Being Earnest 埃耐斯特的重要性 Art for Art s Sake 1 A spokesman for aestheticism 2 Belonged to decadent school 3 Elements of social protest and criticism 16 George Bernard Shaw 蕭伯納 1856 1950 Nobel Prize Winner Art for education s sake 長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō) An Unsocial Socialist 業(yè)余社會(huì)主義者 評(píng)論 Quintessence of Ibsenism 劇本 Widoer s Houses 鰥夫的房產(chǎn) Mrs Warren s Profession 華倫夫人的職業(yè) Arms and the man Candida The man of dynasty Caesar and Cleopatra Major Barbara 巴巴拉少校 Art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life revealing social contradictions and educating the common people Features 1 Structurally and thematically Shaw followed the great traditions of realism With his wit and love of paradox he made full use of comic satire and brought a new kind of intelligence to the drama 2 Shaw s language is easy witty and forceful 3 Action is reduced to a minimum while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds of the characters maintain the interest of Pygmalion 劈克美梁 Heartbreak House 傷心之家 The Apple Cart 蘋(píng)果車 Too True to be Good 真相畢露 the audience 17 James Joyce 喬伊斯 1882 1941 the stream of consciousness technique 意 識(shí)流大師 短篇小說(shuō) Dubiners 都柏林人 長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 青年藝術(shù)家的畫(huà)像 Ulysess 尤利西斯 Finnegans Wake 芬尼根的覺(jué)醒 個(gè)人成就之 Joyce 詹姆斯 喬伊斯 James Joyce 1882 1941 被認(rèn)為是繼莎士比 亞后英語(yǔ)文學(xué)史上最偉大的作家 他在小說(shuō)領(lǐng)域取得的成就 代表 著現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的一座高峰 喬伊斯對(duì)小說(shuō)形式和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的 探索標(biāo)志著英國(guó)小說(shuō)史上的重大 突破 他的意識(shí)流打破了以時(shí)間為順序 的小說(shuō)模式 改變了傳統(tǒng)小說(shuō)的 時(shí)空觀念 他對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的創(chuàng)造 性運(yùn)用極大地豐富了英語(yǔ)的表意 功能 18 Virginia Woolf 沃爾芙 1882 1941 Bloomsbury Group progressive new thinking 長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō) Jacob s Room Mrs Dalloway 達(dá)洛威夫人 To the Lighthouse 到燈塔去 A Room of One s Own The Waves 浪 The Years Between the Acts 幕間 個(gè)人成就之 Woolf 意識(shí)流小說(shuō)構(gòu)成伍爾芙最引人注 目的文學(xué)成就 她對(duì)女性存在的 歷史與現(xiàn)狀獨(dú)具慧眼的反思與洞 察 使其成為女性主義批評(píng)史上 先驅(qū)式人物 伍爾芙與喬伊斯的不同之處在于 她使用意識(shí)流技巧時(shí)常常從一個(gè) 人物不露痕跡地跳到另一個(gè)人物 描繪出在同一時(shí)間不同空間人物 的不同活動(dòng)及思想 Defoe and Swift They are the forerunners of English fiction Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding The maturity of the English novel doesn t come until they appear Real beginning of English Romanticism publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge 3 Aestheticism Aestheticism places art above life According to the aesthetes all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective Art should be free from any influence of egoism Only when art is for art s sake can it be immortal They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues such as politics and morality and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality s sake or art for money s sake