2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)自練題 Unit 4 Making the news（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Making the news 一、閱讀理解。 At the end of every year, Time picks the best 25 inventions that are “making the world better and smarter”. Here we have picked three of this year’s inventions that could be a part of your life in the near future. The levitating(懸浮的) light bulb This special light bulb was invented by U．S. artist and scientist Simon Morris. He got the idea of making a light bulb float from hoverboards(懸浮滑板), which he used to dream of having as a kid. But the floating is not the most amazing part. The rejection force between the opposite ends of the magnets(磁鐵), which were put in the bottom of the bulb and in the wooden base, does the job. What’s new here is a technology called induction(電磁感應(yīng)). It allows the light bulb to get power from the base even they are not in contact. Shoes that tie themselves They’re not what you think—shoelaces that tie themselves in the way we tie them. Instead, the new shoes have small motors that control their laces. When you step into them, your feet will hit a sensor(傳感器) in the shoes and the motor will automatically tighten the laces. But the shoes weren’t just designed for lazy people’s needs. They could actually give athletes an advantage during petition. They are also useful for people who cannot move their arms or fingers easily. The no touch thermometer(體溫計(jì)) Taking your body temperature usually means putting a thermometer in your armpits(腋窩) and staying still for minutes. It may be easy for you, but it’s an impossible task for little kids. Now, with the new thermometer, users can simply put it 2.5 centimeters from a patient’s forehead and press the button, and it can get reading in two seconds. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　每到年終歲尾，《時(shí)代周刊》都會(huì)評(píng)選出25項(xiàng)“讓世界變得更加美好和智能”的最佳發(fā)明。本文介紹了其中的三項(xiàng)發(fā)明。 1．The most amazing aspect of the levitating light bulb is that ___________ ． A．it can float B．its inventor is more than a scientist C．it makes use of the rejection force between the opposite ends of the magnets D．induction allows it to get power even when unconnected with the base D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The levitating(懸浮的)light bulb部分最后兩句可知，懸浮燈泡最神奇的地方是這項(xiàng)電磁感應(yīng)技術(shù)可以讓燈泡不用接觸底座就能通電。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．How is the no touch thermometer different from other ones? A．It makes it easier to take kids’ temperature. B．You need wait two minutes for the reading. C．You don’t need to press the button. D．It should be put in one’s armpit. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)The no touch thermometer(體溫計(jì))部分可知，這種新型的體溫計(jì)可以不用緊貼皮膚，而且讀取數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間也很短。且這個(gè)發(fā)明讓兒童的體溫測(cè)量變得更容易了。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．In which part of a newspaper can you possibly read this text? A．Education.　　　　　　 B．Sports. C．Science. D．Entertainment. C　解析：推理判斷題。本文介紹了三項(xiàng)新的科技發(fā)明，屬于科技類文章。故選C項(xiàng)。 二、語(yǔ)法填空。 When my father was a boy, he had a dog named Laddie. Laddie stayed __1__ (constant) by Dads side—fishing, playing ball, and even __2__ (follow) him to school. Laddie would simply follow Dads smell and track him all the way to school. Arriving after all the doors were closed, Laddie would sit outside the school, waiting patiently. Eventually, someone would open __3__ door and Laddie would slip in after him. Once inside, the dog would walk from room to room __4__ he found his master. Of course, Dads teacher would immediately demand that the dog __5__ (remove)． Later, my father went off __6__ (join) his five brothers in World War Ⅱ， but Laddie continued to attend school, lying quietly each day __7__ the feet of Dads younger brother, Dick. Laddies attendance was __8__ consistent that Howard Junior High School awarded him an honorary diploma when Dick graduated. Now, thats one smart dog. Years later, when my dad was an adult, he met another dog: Casey. Casey went everywhere with Dad. In fact, I plained Dad spent __9__ time with Casey than he did with any of his human family members. Casey trusted my father unconditionally, __10__ sometimes Caseys blind faith in my dad got them both into trouble. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了父親和作者不同時(shí)期飼養(yǎng)的兩只狗的故事。 1．constantly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞stayed，應(yīng)用副詞。 2．following　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)句中的“fishing, playing ball”可知，and連接三個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。上文的“all the doors”說(shuō)明，這里指其中一扇門被打開(kāi)了。 4．until　考查連詞。由句意可知此處表述“直到它找到主人”，until意為“直到……為止”，符合語(yǔ)境。 5．(should) be removed　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞demand后接賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且the dog與動(dòng)詞remove之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 6．to join　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不定式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。 7．a(chǎn)t　考查介詞。空后是表示小地點(diǎn)的名詞，故用at。 8．so　考查固定句式。so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”。 9．more　考查固定句式。more ... than ... 意為“比……更多的……”，故填more。 10．but　考查連詞。前后兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。 三、完形填空。 As a child， Jane was fond of animals. As a consequence， when she was growing up， all she ever heard was as follows， “Jane， you should be a（n） 　1?。? You’re going to achieve great success in that field. That’s the very thing you should do in the future.” So when she got to the Ohio State University， she took biology， chemistry and some other 　2　， studying hard to be a vet. Later on， she won a Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship，which allowed her to spend her 　3　 year studying abroad in Manchester， England. Away from the family and the 　4　 from them， she found herself one day sitting at her desk， surrounded by biology books and staring out of the window， when it suddenly hit her：“I’m in total 　5?。? I don’t want to be a vet！” 　6　 she thought back over all the things she’d done in her life and what had made her happy. And then it hit her—it was all of the youth leadership conferences that she had volunteered at 　7　 the munications and leadership courses she had taken as selective courses back at Ohio State. “How could I have been so 　8??？ Here I am in my fourth year at school and just finally 　9　 that I’m on the wrong path. I just never took the time to 　10　 it until now，” she thought. 　11　 by her new thought， Jane spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in munications and media studies. When 　12　 to Ohio State， she was 　13　 able to convince the administration to let her create her own program in “l(fā)eadership studies”， 　14　 it took her 2 years longer to finally graduate. She 　15　 to bee a senior management adviser in leadership training and development for the Pentagon. She 　16　 founded a drugprevention organization that 　17　 the message， “Lead your own life with the skill and the 　18　 to say no.” So， never 　19　 someone else’s dreams. If you limit your 　20　 only to what seems possible or reasonable， you disconnect yourself from what you truly want. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　文章講述了從小喜歡小動(dòng)物的簡(jiǎn)，一開(kāi)始由于受到外界的影響，把當(dāng)一名獸醫(yī)、關(guān)愛(ài)動(dòng)物作為自己的理想，并在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了相關(guān)專業(yè)。后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己真正喜歡的是社交和管理專業(yè)，于是簡(jiǎn)作出了改變，最后取得了成就。 1.A.engineer　　　　　　　 B．programmer C.doctor D．vet D　解析：根據(jù)文章第一句提到的簡(jiǎn)小時(shí)候很喜歡動(dòng)物，以及該段最后一句中的vet可知，簡(jiǎn)總是聽(tīng)人說(shuō)她長(zhǎng)大后應(yīng)該成為一名獸醫(yī)（vet）。故選D項(xiàng)。 2.A.subjects B．objects C.projects D．programs A　解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空前的biology，chemistry可知，此處指簡(jiǎn)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)生物、化學(xué)還有其他課程。subject意為“課程”；object意為“物體”；project意為“工程”；program意為“項(xiàng)目”。故選A項(xiàng)。 3.A.first B．second C.final D．past C　解析：根據(jù)第三段中的fourth year可知，簡(jiǎn)大學(xué)最后（final）一年在英國(guó)留學(xué)。故選C項(xiàng)。 4.A.promise B．stress C.plaint D．press B　解析：由第一段可知，簡(jiǎn)在家里的時(shí)候，家人在她未來(lái)職業(yè)的選擇上對(duì)她的干預(yù)比較大，而在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)期間，遠(yuǎn)離了家人，也就沒(méi)有了來(lái)自家人的壓力。promise意為“許諾”；stress意為“壓力”；plaint意為“抱怨”；press意為“按，壓”。故選B項(xiàng)。 5.A.vain B．misery C.delight D．surprise B　解析：根據(jù)下文簡(jiǎn)所說(shuō)的話I don’t want to be a vet！可知，簡(jiǎn)很痛苦。in misery意為“痛苦地”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。in vain意為“徒勞；無(wú)用”；in delight意為“高興地”；in surprise意為“驚訝地”。 6.A.Then B．Instead C.Perhaps D．Seldom A　解析：空后是說(shuō)她開(kāi)始回憶過(guò)去所做的事情和那些讓她高興的事情。回憶這些事情是發(fā)生在她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不想做獸醫(yī)之后，故選A項(xiàng)，意為“然后”。instead意為“反而”；perhaps意為“或許；可能”；seldom意為“很少；不常”。 7.A.but B．or C.and D．so C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，youth leadership conferences和munications and leadership courses都是簡(jiǎn)喜歡的事情，它們之間為并列關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。 8.A.disturbed B．ignorant C.intelligent D．lucky B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，簡(jiǎn)喜歡的是社交和管理方面的課程，而不是獸醫(yī)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“我怎么如此無(wú)知，大學(xué)四年級(jí)了才意識(shí)到選錯(cuò)了路（專業(yè)）”。ignorant意為“無(wú)知的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。disturbed意為“不安的；煩惱的”；intelligent意為“聰明的”；lucky意為“幸運(yùn)的”。 9.A.aware B．unconscious C.afraid D．satisfied A　解析：由語(yǔ)境可知，簡(jiǎn)想換專業(yè)，也就是說(shuō)她意識(shí)到當(dāng)初選錯(cuò)了路（專業(yè)）。aware意為“意識(shí)到的”；unconscious意為“無(wú)意識(shí)的”；afraid意為“害怕的”；satisfied意為“滿意的”。故選A項(xiàng)。 10.A.plete B．a(chǎn)cplish C.permit D．a(chǎn)dmit D　解析：此處為never/not...until結(jié)構(gòu)。句中it指的是上文所說(shuō)的“自己當(dāng)初選錯(cuò)了專業(yè)”，因此，此處指直到現(xiàn)在她才承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。plete意為“結(jié)束”；acplish意為“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)”；permit意為“允許”；admit意為“承認(rèn)”。故選D項(xiàng)。 11.A.Inspired B．Disappointed C.Embarrassed D．Confused A　解析：根據(jù)空后的Jane spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in munications and media studies可知，簡(jiǎn)受到新想法的激勵(lì)，開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)通信和傳媒專業(yè)。inspire意為“鼓舞；激勵(lì)”；disappoint意為“使失望”；embarrass意為“使尷尬”；confuse意為“使困惑”。故選A項(xiàng)。 12.A.relating B．returning C.responding D．referring B　解析：簡(jiǎn)本是在俄亥俄州大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，后獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金去英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，此時(shí)指在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束后，簡(jiǎn)返回美國(guó)俄亥俄州。return to意為“返回”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。relate to意為“與……相關(guān)”；respond to意為“回應(yīng)”；refer to意為“涉及”。 13.A.eventually B．especially C.hardly D．desperately A　解析：簡(jiǎn)最終說(shuō)服了學(xué)校的行政部門讓自己創(chuàng)辦自己的“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)課程”，盡管這讓她畢業(yè)的時(shí)間延遲了兩年。eventually意為“最終”；especially意為“尤其，特別”；hardly意為“幾乎不”；desperately意為“絕望地，孤注一擲地”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選A項(xiàng)。 14.A.if B．a(chǎn)s C.although D．despite C　解析：“說(shuō)服行政部門讓自己創(chuàng)辦自己的課程”和“延遲畢業(yè)”兩者之間是讓步關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。 15.A.managed B．failed C.tried D．a(chǎn)ttempted A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，簡(jiǎn)成為五角大樓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)與發(fā)展的一名高級(jí)管理顧問(wèn)。這里描述的是她的成功，所以選managed，manage to do意為“成功做”。fail意為“失?。晃茨茏觥?；try意為“努力”；attempt意為“嘗試”。 16.A.still B．never C.again D．a(chǎn)lso D　解析：她還創(chuàng)辦了毒品預(yù)防組織，這是在成為高級(jí)顧問(wèn)之后又一個(gè)成功之處。所以用also，表遞進(jìn)。故選D項(xiàng)。 17.A.proves B．conveys C.concludes D．warns B　解析：prove意為“證明”；convey意為“傳遞”；conclude意為“結(jié)束”；warn意為“警告”。這里指的是傳遞一種信息，故選B項(xiàng)。 18.A.fact B．chance C.will D．truth C　解析：fact意為“事實(shí)”；chance意為“機(jī)會(huì)”；will意為“意志；意愿”；truth意為“真理”。由常識(shí)可知，在人生道路的選擇過(guò)程中，抵御外界干擾需要的是“意志力”。故選C項(xiàng)。 19.A.ignore B．break C.realize D．live D　解析：此處提到的夢(mèng)想就是第一段所說(shuō)的周圍的人根據(jù)簡(jiǎn)喜歡小動(dòng)物給她描繪未來(lái)當(dāng)獸醫(yī)的理想。ignore意為“忽視”；break意為“打破”；realize意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)”；live one’s dreams意為“實(shí)踐某人的夢(mèng)想”。故選D項(xiàng)。句意為：所以，決不能去實(shí)踐別人的夢(mèng)想。 20.A.smiles B．choices C.mistakes D．reasons B　解析：句意為：如果你把人生的選擇僅局限在看似可能發(fā)生的和合理的事情上，那么你就會(huì)與你真正想成為的人失之交臂。smile意為“微笑”；choice意為“選擇”；mistake意為“錯(cuò)誤”；reason意為“理由”。故選B項(xiàng)。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 Last Friday, I had interview with Professor Zhang about “How to Improve Our Oral English”. According to Professor Zhang, reading English aloud help us improve our oral ability. In addition, it can benefit us in develop our language skills, such like listening, speaking, reading and writing. This is why reading aloud is the basis of memory. And it can make the sound, form and meaning of much English words strengthened and consolidated. Therefore, Professor Zhang suggested that for thirty minutes and an hour in the morning you should read English words, passages, and poems, recite famous English sayings and mottos and even sing English songs. He also remends that we should hold English evenings, English song petitions, and English drama performance. 答案： Last Friday, I had interview with Professor Zhang about “How to Improve Our Oral English”. According to Professor Zhang, reading English aloud us improve our oral ability. In addition, it can benefit us in our language skills, such listening, speaking, reading and writing. This is reading aloud is the basis of memory. And it can make the sound, form and meaning of English words strengthened and consolidated. Therefore, Professor Zhang suggested that for thirty minutes an hour in the morning should read English words, passages, and poems, recite famous English sayings and mottos and even sing English songs. He also that we should hold English evenings, English song petitions, and English drama . 難項(xiàng)分析： 第二處：help→helps　考查主謂一致。此處動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 第五處：why→because　考查連詞。why和because都可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，此處是在陳述原因，故改為because。 第八處：you→we　考查代詞。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用第一人稱we。下文中的“we should hold”亦是提示。 五、七選五 How to Exercise Every Week Consistently In my experience people, especially me, do not work out consistently for two reasons：time and method. Time Three weeks ago I was finding every excuse in the book to justify why I did not have a chance to exercise. In my mind all my reasons are valid, and I am sure yours are too. Here is a little secret, both you and I have more than enough time to work out. 1. . If you want to exercise more or finish your todolist, you have to start planning well. The method 2． . For me, two options came to mind, before work, and after work. During the morning I go to work, and after work I do not have the energy. Since my mornings and evenings are not available, I changed my way and looked at my work day. It turns out that 4. . I realized that my job has access to a gym, and decided to switch my lunch hour for a workout break. 4. I’ve been hitting the gym at least four times per week for the past two weeks! Now that I have a set time to get moving, I have no issues working out consistently, and I tend to exercise more days during the week. 5. ． You might be thinking an hour is not a lot of time. Is that enough? The answer is yes! You do not need a lot of time in the gym to see results. All you need is consistent and a good plan. A．The plans B．The results C．Last week I went to the gym six days D．Review your day and look for a 1hour block to workout E．I was wasting my lunch break looking through social media F．Reconsider your problems and try to solve them in a different way G．The problem is not how much time we have but how we are using it 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了每個(gè)星期都堅(jiān)持鍛煉的具體做法。 1．G　解析：根據(jù)空格上一句可知，你和“我”實(shí)際上都有足夠的時(shí)間鍛煉。G項(xiàng)“問(wèn)題不是我們有多少時(shí)間而是我們?cè)趺蠢脮r(shí)間”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。 2．D　解析：空格后一句是說(shuō)對(duì)“我”來(lái)說(shuō)，能抽出的時(shí)間就是上班前和下班后。D項(xiàng)“回顧你的一天，然后抽出1小時(shí)的時(shí)間來(lái)鍛煉”是對(duì)空格后一句的整體概述，空格后一句是對(duì)D項(xiàng)的舉例說(shuō)明。故選D。 3．E　解析：E項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)unch break”與空格后一句中的“l(fā)unch hour”相照應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。 4．B　解析：空格處是本段的標(biāo)題句，是對(duì)該段內(nèi)容的概括。根據(jù)該段中的“I’ve been hitting the gym at least four times per week for the past two weeks！”可知，這段介紹的是計(jì)劃執(zhí)行的結(jié)果。故選B。 5．C　解析：空格上一句是說(shuō)“我”盡量每周多花幾天去鍛煉。C項(xiàng)“上周我有六天都去了健身房”與此緊密銜接，是對(duì)其的例證，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。