2019版高考英語一輪基礎習選題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解。 Bees play a vital role in the world.Unfortunately，bees are dying by the second. The main purpose of bees is to make honey.Honey, shockingly，does not exist for human consumption；it is essential to the insects.Honeybees store honey in their hives (蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period.They collect pollen(花粉)which supplies protein for young bees to grow. According to National Honey Board，the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $14.6 billion per year.These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee, beans，and broccoli. So if they are so valuable to agriculture，why do they keep dying off？A key suspect seems to be pesticides(農(nóng)藥)．Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)functions, specifically memory or behavior.And thats why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen，plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen.There are several other causes of the decline of bees，including the destruction of natural habitats，like woodlands，forests，and other habitats for bees.Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population. Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants.Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home，so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers. 1．Why do honeybees store honey in their hives? A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume. B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees. C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger. D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter. 2．Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that ________. A．bees supply human beings with basic food B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year 3．What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind? A．The lack of food. B．The abuse of pesticides. C．The fighting among bees. D．The destruction of the habitats. 4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A．Another way to save bees. B．Other tips for choosing seeds. C．More methods to plant green organic fruits. D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population. 【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起著重要的作用，但是由于農(nóng)藥的濫用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文給出了增加蜜蜂數(shù)量的方法和建議。 【難句分析】These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans, and broccoli. 分析：本句為主從復合句，句中we eat today為省略了that的定語從句，修飾先行詞the fruits and vegetables。 譯文：這些昆蟲對我們?nèi)缃袼秤玫某^70種的水果和蔬菜負責，包括蘋果、葡萄、咖啡、豆類和西蘭花。 1．D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period”可知，蜜蜂儲藏蜂蜜是為了增強飛行肌肉的力量，在冬天為蜂箱加熱，故D項正確。 2．C　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的“These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans，and broccoli”可知，該段提及蘋果和豆類旨在說明蜜蜂對水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C項正確。 3．B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides...And thats why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，農(nóng)藥的濫用導致了工蜂離開蜂箱，故B項正確。 4．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的第一、二句“Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants”可知，該段主要介紹了幫助蜜蜂增加數(shù)量的方法之一：種植對蜜蜂無害的植物。據(jù)此可以推斷，下文將介紹其他的幫助增加蜜蜂數(shù)量的方法，故A項正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．Some people say that classical music ________(associate) only with old people. 答案：is associated　be associated with ... “與……有關”。 2．Though we are living a better life, I cant bear ________(see) food thrown away. 答案：seeing　cant bear doing ... “不能忍受做某事”。 3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates? 答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……與……區(qū)分/辨別開”。 4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population. 答案：that　bear in mind that ... “記住……”。 5．The service offers young people ________(practice) advice on finding a job. 答案：practical　此處應用形容詞修飾其后的名詞advice。practical “實用的；實際的；實踐的”。 6．We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week. 答案：expectation　由空前的冠詞可知應填名詞。 7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed. 答案：seizing　該句為“only＋狀語”位于句首引起倒裝的句式。face與seize為and連接的兩個并列成分，且均作by的賓語，故由facing可知應填seizing。 8．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. 答案：that　該句為含有not until的強調(diào)句。由該句型“It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他”可知，應填that。 9．She ________(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it. 答案：tapped　由but連接并列成分可知，設空處動詞在句中作謂語；且后面并列句的謂語為didnt ...，所以空格處也應用一般過去時，應填tapped。 10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a puter can be lower than store prices. 答案：bought　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語修飾goods。 三、完形填空。 Not many people can say theyve been hit by a vehicle, but I can. I rode my bike to my daily. __1__ practice in a gym last summer. I crossed the street as the light __2__ ; however, a young woman __3__ me with her fancy racing car. Like James Bond in a very __4__ situation, I rolled across the hood(引擎蓋) onto the other side of the car. You may wonder __5__ a woman driver could be so careless. The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving, so her __6__ was clearly drawn away from driving, which caused the accident. After assessing my __7__ and believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way, I __8__ and talked to the woman driver. I could tell she was obviously quite __9__. So was I. After assuring her of my wellbeing, we __10__ ways. __11__ my surprisingly shabby bicycle, I went on my way. I rode into the __12__ 20 minutes late. Upon my arrival, my tennis coach and friends asked me why I was late. Nervously, I __13__ the car accident. Everyone seemed to be far more __14__ than I was. In fact, I __15__ joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape. After this __16__， I realize the importance of bike lanes and watching out for pedestrians. Now as I drive, I always __17__ for people on bikes so that they do not __18__ the same fate (命運) that I did. __19__， for all the bikers and runners out there, watch out for cars, as one small mistake could __20__ an unforgivable mistake. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文。“我”在騎車去體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓練的途中，被一輛跑車撞到，幸運的是“我”的骨頭沒有受傷。通過這起事故，“我”意識到了自行車車道和注意行人的重要性。 1．A.football B．tennis C．volleyball D．badminton 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“my tennis coach”可以判斷，“我”騎自行車到體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓練，故B項正確。 2．A.permitted B．broke C．a(chǎn)ppeared D．exploded 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“I crossed the street”可知，“我”穿過了街道；根據(jù)常識可以判斷，此舉是在信號燈的允許(permitted)下進行的，故A項符合語境。 3．A.passed B．greeted C．hit D．met 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)該句中的“a young woman __3__ me with her fancy racing car”，并結(jié)合第一段第一句中的“been hit by a vehicle”可知，一位年輕的女士開著跑車撞到了“我”。C項意為“撞擊，擊中”，符合語境。 4．A.romantic B．humorous C．a(chǎn)wkward D．dangerous 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)該句“Like James Bond in a very __4__ situation, I rolled across the hood (引擎蓋) onto the other side of the car.”可知，就像詹姆斯邦德在非常危險的(dangerous)情況下那樣，“我”從引擎蓋上滾到了車的另一邊。 5．A.how B．if C．when D．where 答案與解析：A　分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在賓語從句中作狀語；結(jié)合該句“You may wonder __5__ a woman driver could be so careless.”及語境可知，你可能想知道，一個女司機怎么會如此粗心？how表示“怎么，如何”，故選A。 6．A.passion B．a(chǎn)ttention C．interest D．excitement 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)該句中的“The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving”可知，這位女士在開車時打電話。據(jù)此可以判斷，她的注意力(attention)不在開車上。 7．A.needs B．behaviors C．injuries D．conclusions 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)該句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way”可以判斷，這是在對“我”的傷勢進行評定。C項意為“損傷”，符合語境，故C項正確。A項意為“需要”；B項意為“行為”；D項意為“結(jié)論”。 8．A.stood up B．walked away C．lay down D．blew up 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged”可知，“我”的骨頭都沒有受傷；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”站起身和那位女司機說話。A項意為“站起身”，符合語境，故A項正確。B項意為“走開”；C項意為“躺下”；D項意為“爆炸，爆發(fā)”。 9．A.rude B．cautious C．forgetful D．scared 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被這位女司機開的跑車撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，這位女司機很害怕(scared)，故D項正確。A項意為“粗魯?shù)摹?；B項意為“謹慎的”；C項意為“健忘的”。 10．A.parted B．cleared C．explored D．changed 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“After assuring her of my wellbeing”可以判斷，在讓她確信“我”身體沒事以后，我們就分開(parted)了。 11．A.Turning in B．Picking up C．Putting aside D．Giving away 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被女司機駕駛的跑車撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”扶起(Picking up)了“我”的破爛的自行車就上路了。A項意為“交還”；C項意為“把……放在一邊，撇開”；D項意為“泄露”。 12．A.garage B．parking lot C．gym D．bike store 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“gym”可知，“我”騎車進了體育館(gym)，故選C。 13．A.avoided B．ignored C．prevented D．mentioned 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)該段最后一句中的“saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并結(jié)合該句“Nervously, I __13__ the car accident”可知，緊張之余，“我”提到(mentioned)了這起事故。 14．A.grateful B．inspired C．a(chǎn)nxious D．curious 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)前一句可知，“我”提到了這起事故；結(jié)合該句“Everyone seemed to be far more __14__ than I was.”可以判斷，他們似乎比“我”更加擔心(anxious)。A項意為“感激的”；B項意為“能力卓越的”；D項意為“好奇的”。 15．A.still B．even C．just D．yet 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)該句中的“joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并結(jié)合前一句他們似乎比“我”更加擔心的描述可知，事實上，“我”甚至(even)開起了玩笑。 16．A.attempt B．sacrifice C．exploration D．a(chǎn)ccident 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)上下文可知，在這起事故(accident)之后，“我”意識到了自行車車道和密切注意行人的重要性。A項意為“嘗試”；B項意為“犧牲”；C項意為“探索”。 17．A.look out B．work out C．e out D．set out 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)該句中的“so that they do not __18__ the same fate(命運) that I did”可知，現(xiàn)在“我”開車時總要密切注意(look out)騎自行車的人，這樣他們就不會遭受(suffer)與“我”同樣的命運。B項意為“鍛煉”；C項意為“公開表明”；D項意為“出發(fā)”。 18．A.accept B．deserve C．suffer D．escape 答案與解析：C　參見上題解析。A項意為“接受”；B項意為“應得”；D項意為“逃跑”。 19．A.Thus B．However C．Otherwise D．Also 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)語境可知，“我”現(xiàn)在開車總要密切注意騎自行車的人，同樣(Also)，對于所有的騎自行車的人和跑步者，他們應當注意來往車輛，因為一個小錯誤可能會導致(cause)一個不可原諒的錯誤。 20．A.repeat B．cause C．correct D．realize 答案與解析：B　參見上題解析。 四、單句改錯 1．The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→up　call up “使回憶起；給……打電話”。 2．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第二個the　out of order “發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒”。 3．After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→about或doing→to do　set about doing ... ＝set out to do ... “著手/開始做……”。 4．The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital. ___________________________________________________ 答案：knock→knocked　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語，修飾the boy, 表被動，故應把knock改為knocked。 5．The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening. ____________________________________________________ 答案：abruptly→abrupt　修飾動名詞短語ending speaking應用形容詞，故將abruptly改為abrupt。 五、七選五 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 　 1　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 　 2 　 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 3 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years. ●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來美好的視覺享受，文章中給出了兩個自己建設花園的具體建議。 1.F 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，這里是在講＂你是否曾去過一個花園……但是它不是偶然發(fā)生的＂。故F項＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too＂符合語境。 3.E 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂Some people may think...＂和＂Others are concerned about...＂可知此處表達的是人們種植花園的不同原因，而E項中的＂Still others may simply enjoy...＂與上下文銜接自然，故選E項。 4.C 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此處講的應是什么是重要的，故C項符合語境。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂與G項中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼應，故選G項。