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專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第4講（上）海淀一模五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)五選五高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于五選五高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 one…the other… （兩者間）一個(gè)…另一個(gè)… special adj. 特殊的 rule n. 規(guī)則，規(guī)定 basic n. 基本原則 strong adj. 強(qiáng)壯的 happen v. 發(fā)生 limit n. 限制 mistake n. 錯(cuò)誤 defeat v. 擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝 take up 占用 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. They think about what will happen next. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：他們考慮接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？ 本句中包含著由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作about的賓語(yǔ)。 2. If one runs out of time, he or she will lose.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：如果一個(gè)人用完了時(shí)間，他/她就輸了。 本句是一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，即“主將從現(xiàn)”，這也是中考?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)之一。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫(huà)關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過(guò)渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來(lái)解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時(shí)選擇范圍會(huì)變小，可以反復(fù)對(duì)比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來(lái)將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來(lái)對(duì)第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對(duì)好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見(jiàn)的考查方式是空格后對(duì)該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說(shuō)明和例證。 典題精析 例題：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡(jiǎn)單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫(xiě)作技巧?！?，所以空格處應(yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對(duì)這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫(xiě)作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會(huì)有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) A Good chess players use their brains B By xx, a cell phone could beat the best players in the world C In blitz chess, each player gets ten minutes for the whole game D People have been playing chess for over 500 years E The game ends when a player loses his or her king 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 記敘文 232 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Chess has been around for a long time. 1 . Chess is handed on an even older game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe. Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white pieces, the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piece called the king. 2 . There are a few more rules, but these are the basics. Some people think that chess is more than a game. They think that it makes the mind stronger. 3 .They think about what will happen next. These skills are useful in life and in chess. Chess is kind of like exercise for the mind. There is a kind of chess with short time limits called blitz chess. 4 . The clock runs during each turn. If one runs out of time, he or she will lose. Games of blitz chess are fast-paced. Chess is not just for people. Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s. At first they did not play well. They made mistakes. As time went on, they grew stronger. In 1997, a computer defeat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue was big. It took up a whole room. 5 . Chess sure has come a long way. Don’t you think so? A. Good chess players use their brains B. By xx, a cell phone could beat the best players in the world C. In blitz chess, each player gets ten minutes for the whole game D. People have been playing chess for over 500 years E. The game ends when a player loses his or her king 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要針對(duì)國(guó)際象棋的發(fā)展歷史，玩法及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀展開(kāi)了介紹。 1. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤皣?guó)際象棋已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的歷史了?！保敲纯崭裉帒?yīng)該是對(duì)歷史時(shí)間的具體描述，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選D，意為“人們已經(jīng)玩國(guó)際象棋超過(guò)500年了”。 答案：D 2. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格前句意為“每個(gè)玩家都有一個(gè)叫做‘王’的棋子”，那么空格后句應(yīng)該是與此相關(guān)的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選E，意為“當(dāng)一個(gè)玩家丟掉了他的/她的‘王’，那么游戲結(jié)束了”。 答案：E 3. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭窈缶湟鉃椤八麄円伎冀酉聛?lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么”，那么一定是用大腦思考，空格處應(yīng)該與此相關(guān)，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選A，意為“好的國(guó)際象棋玩家用他們的大腦”。 答案：A 4. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格前出現(xiàn)了blitz chess這種國(guó)際象棋的類型，那么空格后一定是對(duì)這種類型的國(guó)際象棋進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選C，意為“在快棋賽中，每個(gè)玩家有十分鐘時(shí)間去進(jìn)行整個(gè)游戲”。 答案：C 5. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格處于最后一段段中，根據(jù)段首句Chess is not just for people.“國(guó)際象棋不只是為人們準(zhǔn)備的”及段中句In 1997, a computer defeat the best player in the world for the first time.“在1997年，電腦第一次打敗了當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最棒的玩家”，本句主要講的是科技與人類在國(guó)際象棋方面的較量，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選B，意為“到xx為止，手機(jī)能夠打敗當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最好的玩家”。 答案：B 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 1、2、3、4、5 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 one…the other… adj. 特殊的 n. 規(guī)則，規(guī)定 basic n. adj. 強(qiáng)壯的 happen v. limit n. n. 錯(cuò)誤 v. 擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝 take up 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 我不會(huì)占用你很多時(shí)間。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 如果電話鈴響了，我就去接。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. They think about what will happen next. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. If one runs out of time, he or she will lose. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. None of the couple is American, one’s score is 65, the other one is 63. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 人物傳記/故事類 記敘文 189 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ The Same But Different Maggie and Sarah are twin sisters. They were born just a few minutes apart, and they look exactly alike. They both have blonde hair and green eyes. 1 . Sometimes other students at school have a hard time telling them apart. Maggie and Sarah like going to the same school. This is because they are not just twin sisters, but best friends too. They have a lot in common. 2 . Both girls spend a lot of time together with their family, and they both like to play with their dog, Callie. 3 .Maggie likes to play sports. She is on a soccer team and a basketball team. Sarah doesn’t really like sports. She likes to dance. There are other differences between them too. 4 .Maggie likes to read mystery books, but Sarah likes to read books about animals. Maggie gets better grades in reading and Spanish, but Sarah gets better grades in math and science. Everyone is different in her or his own way. Maggie and Sarah like being different from each other as much as they like being similar. 5 . A. That is what makes them special B. They are around the same height as well C. But Maggie and Sarah are also very different D. Maggie likes the color red, but Sarah likes the color green E. Both girls enjoy a lot of the same television shows, books, and food 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 one…the other… （兩者間）一個(gè)…另一個(gè)… special adj. 特殊的 rule n. 規(guī)則，規(guī)定 basic n. 基本原則 strong adj. 強(qiáng)壯的 happen v. 發(fā)生 limit n. 限制 mistake n. 錯(cuò)誤 defeat v. 擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝 take up 占用 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. I won’t take up much of your time. 2. If the telephone rings, I will answer it. 3. 他們考慮接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？ 4. 如果一個(gè)人用完了時(shí)間，他/她就輸了。 5. 夫妻倆沒(méi)有一個(gè)是美國(guó)人，一個(gè)是加拿大人，另一個(gè)來(lái)自澳大利亞。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. B 2. E 3. C 4. D 5. A 第4講（下）海淀一模閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 limit n. 限制 adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng) return v. 返回 include v. 包括 gradually adv. 逐步地，漸漸地 require v. 需要，要求 popular adj. 流行的 instruction n. 指示 eager adj. 渴望的 challenging adj. 有挑戰(zhàn)性的 n. challenge 挑戰(zhàn) 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. Some only jump once, while others go on to experience lifelong adventures, flying and turning over through the air.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：一些人只跳一次，而其他人繼續(xù)體驗(yàn)終身的冒險(xiǎn)，穿過(guò)空氣飛行和翻動(dòng)。 本句中包含了some…others句型，意為“一些…，另一些…”，本句型可以用在寫(xiě)作之中。 2. If you are eager to try something challenging and would love to feel the freedom of flying, skydiving might be an adventure for you.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：如果你渴望嘗試一些有挑戰(zhàn)性的東西而且喜歡感受飛翔的自由，那么跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一項(xiàng)冒險(xiǎn)。 本句是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對(duì)性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來(lái)了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來(lái)尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來(lái)將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對(duì)人，事，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問(wèn)題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動(dòng)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問(wèn)形式為一般疑問(wèn)句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問(wèn)題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫(xiě)在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個(gè)物體，新興事物或抽象概念時(shí)：What……is. 2. 介紹某個(gè)人物時(shí)：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時(shí)：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時(shí)：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問(wèn)題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語(yǔ)即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤(rùn)色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬(wàn)里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.（北京朝陽(yáng)期末） 問(wèn)題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說(shuō)的是孩子們?cè)诩依镒鲆恍┘覄?wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開(kāi)家，獨(dú)自生活的時(shí)候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問(wèn)題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) 1 Do thousands of people try skydiving each year? 2 How many choices are there for the beginners? 3 Whyis tandem the most popular? 4 How do the coaches give instructions in the air? 5 What is the passage mainly about? 通讀尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 說(shuō)明文 288 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Ready, Set, Jump! For skydivers, the sky isn’t the limit. It’s just the beginning. Thousands of people try skydiving each year. Some only jump once, while others go on to experience lifelong adventures, flying and turning over through the air. Skydiving is a method of leaving an airplane and returning to the earth with the help of gravity, then slowing down by using a parachute (降落傘). It may include more or less free-fall, a time during which the parachute has not been used and the body gradually accelerates (加速) to the highest speed. There are three choices for the beginners. However, before you try skydiving, a ground course on safety is required. The first method is accelerated free-fall. You jump out of the plane while being held by two coaches, one on either side. They hold onto you until you open your parachute. The second method is called static line. After jumping out, you will experience free-fall for a second or two. Then the weight of your body will pull the line tight, opening the parachute. Tandem (串聯(lián)) is the most popular because it is the easiest. You and the coach are tied together, the coach behind, with you in front. You jump out of the plane together, and the coach takes care of opening the parachute. For each of these three methods, the coaches give instructions in the air with hand signals (信號(hào)) or a radio. If you are eager to try something challenging and would love to feel the freedom of flying, skydiving might be an adventure for you. Who knows? With risk and excitement mixed together, skydiving might just change your life. 1. Do thousands of people try skydiving each year? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. How many choices are there for the beginners? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Why is tandem the most popular? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. How do the coaches give instructions in the air? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. What is the passage mainly about? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么和初學(xué)者跳傘的方式。 1. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“每年有成千上萬(wàn)的人嘗試跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第一段關(guān)鍵句Thousands of people try skydiving each year.，即可推斷出正確答案為Yes。 答案：Yes. 2. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)有多少種選擇？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第三段第一句話There are three choices for the beginners.“對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)有三種選擇?！保纯赏茢喑稣_答案為3 / There。 答案：3 / There. 3. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“為什么串聯(lián)是最受歡迎的？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第四段關(guān)鍵句Tandem (串聯(lián)) is the most popular because it is the easiest.“串聯(lián)是最受歡迎的因?yàn)樗亲詈?jiǎn)單的”，即可推斷出正確答案為Because it is the easiest。 答案：Because it is the easiest. 4. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“在天空中教練怎樣給指示教導(dǎo)？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句the coaches give instructions in the air with hand signals (信號(hào)) or a radio.“在天空中教練用手勢(shì)信號(hào)或無(wú)線電來(lái)給出指導(dǎo)”，即可推斷出正確答案“with hand signals or a radio”。 答案：With hand signals or a radio. 5. 解析：本題為主旨題。題干意為“文章主要講的是什么？”，本題需要瀏覽全文作答，可以根據(jù)“方法篇”中提到的主旨題的解題技巧進(jìn)行回答。首先，文章主要介紹了skydiving這種運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么，我們可以利用句型“What…is”進(jìn)行回答，即“What skydiving is.”；其次，文章介紹了初學(xué)者是怎樣跳傘的，可以利用句型“how…”，即“How beginners skydive”，綜合兩點(diǎn)即可得出正確答案“What skydiving is and how beginners skydive.”。 答案：What skydiving is and how beginners skydive. 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀表達(dá)的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)題 1、2、3、4 是非題 主旨題 5 活用題 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 limit n. adventure n. v. 返回 include v. gradually adv. v. 需要，要求 adj. 流行的 instruction n. adj. 渴望的 challenging adj. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 在周末，有些人會(huì)待在家里，也有些人寧愿出去。 _____________________________________________. 2. 如果雪停了，我們就可以出去。 ______________________________________________. 3. Some only jump once, while others go on to experience lifelong adventures, flying and turning over through the air. ______________________________________________. 4. If you are eager to try something challenging and would love to feel the freedom of flying, skydiving might be an adventure for y