外文資料翻譯CAD / CAM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS TO THE IMPACT OF CHINA’SMACHINERY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRYToday's machinery manufacturing industry is not the traditional sense of the mechanical processing, but set mechanical, electronic, optical, information, materials, biotechnology, energy, management, and other academic achievements as one of the latest new technology complex. Competition in the world economy, mainly reflected in the competitiveness of manufacturing technology, advanced manufacturing technology, has become the international competition in science and technology focus. Under the new situation, China's machinery manufacturing industry faces enormous challenges and opportunities. Machinery manufacturing in the application of integrated CAD / CAM technology, machinery manufacturing industry has provided strong technical support, and its application status and development trend of China's machinery is bound to have a profound impact on the manufacturing sector. 1 .The status of China's machinery manufacturing industry China has now become the world's large manufacturing country: manufacturing value added has four in the world (rankings for the United States, Japan, Germany, and China), 80 kinds of products output ranked first in the world; countries 36 per cent of the total tax revenue, the Financial to the nearly 50 percent, and foreign exchange earnings of 75 per cent, industrial new jobs in the manufacturing sector from 90 per cent to create the manufacturing sector absorbed nearly half of the urban employment and rural surplus labor; the significance of the manufacturing sector to China not only the rapid growth of the country's economic engine, but also promote economic and social information and the basis of industry, science and technology innovation is more important carriers of the major employment and labor departments, is the basic guarantee for national security. But large manufacturing country does not mean that manufacturing power, because although the total amount of 20% of the United States, but its labor productivity is only 4%, and global manufacturing power is only 5% of China has not a manufacturing enterprise into the World Top 50 people ; most of the products are considered high consumption, low added-value products, the low end of the industrial chain; most manufacturers lack the core technology required for high-tech products in more than 80 per cent still relies on imports for major equipment in the manufacturing sector 70 CNC machine tool% occupied by foreign products, large manufacturing country, China is the world's largest machine tool consumer. As “equipment industry in the equipment industry“ - machine tool industry; their level of development and a country's manufacturing industry, the level of industrial development is closely related to China by Zhicaodaguo manufacturing power forward, especially on the machine tool CNC machine tool demand will continue to maintain high-speed growth in the traditional areas of manufacturing technology updates processing enterprises enhance their competitive capacity as the key to a manufacturing NC therefore a very important part of China's CNC technology applications will be created hundreds of thousands of operators, programmers and maintenance staff. 2 .Chinese machinery manufacturing and the trend of development of the CAD / CAM technology requirements How China as soon as possible by the large manufacturing country to a manufacturing power? We have to think about. Machinery manufacturing industry is the development direction of what the machinery manufacturing and provides strong technical support plays a key role in the CAD / CAM technology development should be guided by what principle? Beginning of the 21st century mechanical manufacturing, the development of the overall trend: Flexible, Agile, intelligence, and information technology (network) the same. Information industry will become the dominant industry, machinery manufacturing industry will also be information-led, and the use of advanced manufacturing, and advanced manufacturing technology, advanced management organizations new machinery manufacturing. Including: flexible are the technique and equipment and technology suitable for the production line to the needs of a variety of products can be suitable for rapid replacement technology, the need for replacement products. Ling Jie is the production of ready-to-market reduction for the shortest time, so that the machinery factory mechanism to be flexible. Flexible intelligent automation is an important component of the Flexible Automation is a new development and extension, intelligent promote flexible, which make the production system is better judgement and ability to adapt. Information is no longer a mechanical manufacturing material and energy aid from the power of information to produce value, but through the use of information from the strength of material and energy to produce value. Therefore, the information industry, and intellectual industry will become the leading industries of the community. Furthermore, manufacturing technology also toward ultra-precision machining, micro-machinery manufacturing, such as high-speed cuts direction. Ultra-precision processing technology, micro-machining, micro-EDM EDM, plasma processing, laser processing, ion beam processing, and electron beam processing, and high-speed processing technology to achieve for the rapid increase production efficiency has laid a good foundation. At the same time, manufacturing technology are constantly on the comprehensive utilization of high technology, the need to Engineering Mathematics, laser science, microelectronics technology, computer technology, control theory, biology, material science, management science, information science, the humanities and scientific knowledge Comprehensive Utilization. These subjects changing the face of manufacturing machinery, and machinery manufacturing technology for the development of these disciplines in turn provides a new tool to effectively promote the further development of these fields. CAD / CAM technology is the use of a computer to help people complete product design (Design) and manufacturing (Made) of the new technology, which is computer technology in the production of integrated application components for a new leap. Including the establishment of CAD geometry model, engineering analysis, product analysis, dynamic simulation, automatic mapping; CAM including digital control, process design, robotics, flexible manufacturing system (FMS), and the factory management. CAD / CAM technology manufacturing automation technology is a key component of its rapid development, software, hardware, further improving the level of the machinery industry to provide strong technical support for the enterprise product design, manufacture, production, the level of development bring about a qualitative leap has become the modern enterprise information, and integrated network of the optimal choice. CAD / CAM technology is an integrated technology systems, system software, management software, support software, application software components, including application software is user-to solve some problems of application procedures, general by the user and research institutions in the System software and software support on the basis of a joint shoring, it should be guided by the following principles: (1) user-friendly. Software to applications, users are becoming more easily grasp the basic criteria for evaluating software. User-friendly interface include: easy-to-use, familiar interface, flexible tips to help information, a good interaction, good error handling. (2) Follow the software engineering approach. Software Engineering is to guide the development and maintenance of computer software engineering science projects that use the concept of principle, technology, and methods to the development and maintenance of software. Using software engineering life cycle, from the time the software for the development and maintenance of decomposition, followed by the software life cycle is divided into several phases and stages of development. (3) The parametric CAD. The serialization, GM, a high degree of standardization of products and design used by the mathematical model and product structure are fixed; usually only difference is the size of the structure. For these products, and the conditions can be known as product specifications and change the basic parameters used to replace the corresponding variables, and then automatically by the computer for graphic database, or from the corresponding graphics software calculate all the necessary data, and then from specialized graphics software generated automatically on the screen graphics design, known as parametric CAD. (4) Group Intelligent CAD and CAD. Certain product, not the same structure, but a similar product mix and can be the basis of the similarity of technology, use of group technology will be divided into parts limited number of parts library, according to the same part family in the structural characteristics of the various parts, preparation GM corresponding CAD software for the design of parts of the group, known as the “Group CAD.“ Intelligent CAD is the expert system and the integration of CAD technology and the established system. 3. CONCLUSION Present and future, China's manufacturing industry must be proactive in undertaking the transfer of the world's manufacturing industry, persist in the opening up and into the world economy were in the process of globalization, and strive to create power faster entered the ranks of the world's manufacturing industry to undertake the transfer of , in the protection of intellectual property rights and efforts to strengthen research and development, and strive to improve the ability of innovation, so that China's manufacturing industry from low-end products processing plant into the world's manufacturing center. Because of the improvement of a country's overall strength, rely mainly on the rise in the level of science and technology, scientific and technological progress depends mainly on innovation, and innovation is the carrier of talent so profound changes in the manufacturing sector needs highly skilled talent, manufacturing highly skilled training needs of the whole Zero Distance new training mode, in the face of the vigorous development of China's manufacturing industry, the training of high-quality professional engineers and skilled personnel has become a country of concern. So strong support of CAD / CAM technology support to the project led scientific and technological progress, culture, from design, to manufacturing process operations, the management of various types of talents at all levels will enable China's manufacturing sector in the beginning of the 21st century -- -- China has comprehensively building a well-off society and realize the industrialization process, to a new level, the real world manufacturing power!CAD/CAM 技術(shù)及應(yīng)用對(duì)我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)的影響當(dāng)今的機(jī)械制造業(yè)已不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的機(jī)械加工，而是集機(jī)械、電子、光學(xué)、信息、材料、生物、能源、管理等學(xué)科最新成就為一體的新技術(shù)綜合體。世界各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，也主要體現(xiàn)在制造技術(shù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為當(dāng)代國(guó)際間科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重點(diǎn)。新形勢(shì)下，我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇。機(jī)械制造中綜合應(yīng)用的CAD/CAM技術(shù)，曾為機(jī)械制造業(yè)提供了強(qiáng)有力的技術(shù)支持，它的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)必將對(duì)我國(guó)的機(jī)械制造業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。1 我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀中國(guó)現(xiàn)已成為世界制造業(yè)大國(guó)：制造業(yè)增加值已居世界第4位(名次為美、日、德、中)； 80多種產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量居世界第一；國(guó)家稅收總額的36%、財(cái)政收人的近50% 、外匯收人的75%、工業(yè)新增就業(yè)崗位的90%是由制造業(yè)創(chuàng)造的；制造業(yè)吸納了近一半的城市就業(yè)人員和農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力；制造業(yè)對(duì)中國(guó)的意義不僅僅是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，也是推動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)信息化的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，更是科技創(chuàng)新的重要載體和勞動(dòng)就業(yè)的主要部門，也是國(guó)家安全的基本保證。但是制造業(yè)大國(guó)不等于制造業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)，因?yàn)殡m然總規(guī)模達(dá)美國(guó)的20%，但勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率僅為其4%，也僅僅是全球制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的5%；中國(guó)還沒(méi)有一家制造企業(yè)進(jìn)人世界50強(qiáng)；大部分產(chǎn)品都屬高消耗、低附加值的產(chǎn)品，處產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端；大多數(shù)制造企業(yè)缺乏核心技術(shù)；所需高技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品的80%以上尚依賴進(jìn)口；重大裝備制造業(yè)中的70%數(shù)控機(jī)床被國(guó)外產(chǎn)品占領(lǐng)，制造業(yè)大國(guó)的中國(guó)是世界第一大機(jī)床消費(fèi)國(guó)。作為“ 裝備工業(yè)中的裝備工業(yè) ”——機(jī)床業(yè)；其發(fā)展水平與一個(gè)國(guó)家的制造業(yè)、工業(yè)發(fā)展水平密切相關(guān)，中國(guó)正由制造大國(guó)向制造強(qiáng)國(guó)邁進(jìn)，對(duì)機(jī)床尤其是數(shù)控機(jī)床的需求量仍將保持著高速增長(zhǎng)，在傳統(tǒng)制造加工領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)更新成為企業(yè)提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的關(guān)鍵，因此數(shù)控加工成為制造業(yè)中非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)，我國(guó)的數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也就必須造就數(shù)十萬(wàn)的操作人員、編程人員和維修人員。2 我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)及對(duì)CAD/CAM技術(shù)的要求我國(guó)如何盡快地由制造業(yè)大國(guó)成為制造業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)呢?我們不得不去思考。機(jī)械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展方向應(yīng)是什么?為機(jī)械制造業(yè)提供強(qiáng)力技術(shù)支持并起著關(guān)鍵作用的CAD/CAM技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)該遵循什么樣原則?21世紀(jì)初的機(jī)械制造業(yè)，總的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)為：柔性化、靈捷化、智能化、信息化( 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 )同。信息產(chǎn)業(yè)將成為社會(huì)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)，機(jī)械制造業(yè)也將由信息主導(dǎo)，并采用先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)模式、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)、先進(jìn)組織管理方式的全新機(jī)械制造業(yè)。其中：柔性化是使工藝裝備與工藝路線能適于生產(chǎn)各種產(chǎn)品的需要，能適于迅速更換工藝、更換產(chǎn)品的需要。靈捷化是使生產(chǎn)推向市場(chǎng)的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間縮為最短，使機(jī)械制造廠的機(jī)制能靈活轉(zhuǎn)向。智能化是柔性自動(dòng)化的重要組成部分，也是柔性自動(dòng)化的新發(fā)展和延伸，智能化促進(jìn)柔性化，它使生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)具有更完善的判斷與適應(yīng)能力。信息化是使機(jī)械制造業(yè)不再是由物質(zhì)和能量借助于信息的力量生產(chǎn)出價(jià)值，而是由信息借助于物質(zhì)和能量的力量生產(chǎn)出價(jià)值。因此，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和智力產(chǎn)業(yè)將成為社會(huì)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。再者，制造技術(shù)也向著超精密加工、微型機(jī)械制造、超高速切削等方向發(fā)展。超精密加工技術(shù)、微型機(jī)械加工、微細(xì)電火花加工EDM、等離子加工、激光加工、離子束加工、電子束加工、超高速加工等技術(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，為生產(chǎn)效率的快速提高奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)，制造技術(shù)也在不斷地對(duì)高科技進(jìn)行綜合利用，需將工程數(shù)學(xué)、激光學(xué)、微電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、控制論、生物學(xué)、材料科學(xué)、管理科學(xué)、信息科學(xué)、以及人文科學(xué)等知識(shí)綜合利用。這些學(xué)科改變著機(jī)械制造業(yè)的面貌，而機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展反過(guò)來(lái)為這些學(xué)科提供了新的工具，有力地促進(jìn)著這些學(xué)科的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。CAD/CAM技術(shù)是一項(xiàng)利用計(jì)算機(jī)幫助人們完成產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)(Design) 與制造(Made)的新技術(shù)，它是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在零件生產(chǎn)中綜合應(yīng)用的新飛躍。CAD包括建立幾何模型、工程分析、產(chǎn)品分析、動(dòng)態(tài)模擬、自動(dòng)繪圖等；CAM包括數(shù)字化控制、工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)器人、柔性制造系統(tǒng)(FMS)、工廠管理等。CAD/CAM技術(shù)是制造自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的主要組成部分，它的迅猛發(fā)展，軟件、硬件水平的進(jìn)一步完善，為機(jī)械工業(yè)提供了強(qiáng)有力的技術(shù)支持，為企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、制造、生產(chǎn)水平的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了質(zhì)的飛躍，已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代企業(yè)信息化、集成化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的最優(yōu)選擇。CAD/CAM技術(shù)也是一種集成技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，由系統(tǒng)軟件、管理軟件、支撐軟件、應(yīng)用軟件組成，其中的應(yīng)用軟件是用戶為解決某些應(yīng)用問(wèn)題而編制的程序，一般由用戶與研究機(jī)構(gòu)在系統(tǒng)軟件與支撐軟件的基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合開(kāi)撐，因此它應(yīng)遵循以下原則：(1)用戶界面友好。軟件是為了應(yīng)用，用戶是否較為容易地掌握成為評(píng)價(jià)軟件的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。友好的用戶界面包括：使用方便，界面熟悉，有靈活的提示幫助信息，良好的交互方式，良好的出錯(cuò)處理。(2)遵循軟件工程方法。軟件工程是指導(dǎo)計(jì)算機(jī)軟件開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)的工程科學(xué)；即采用工程的概念原理、技術(shù)、方法來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)軟件。軟件工程采用生命周期法，從時(shí)間上對(duì)軟件的開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)進(jìn)行分解，把軟件生存周期依次劃分為幾個(gè)階段，分階段進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。(3)參數(shù)化 CAD。對(duì)于系列化、通用化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高的產(chǎn)品，設(shè)計(jì)所用的數(shù)學(xué)模型及產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)都是固定的；通常僅是結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的差異。 (4)成組CAD 及智能化CAD。某些產(chǎn)品，結(jié)構(gòu)雖不一樣，但較相似，可以根據(jù)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝性的相似性，利用成組技術(shù)將零件劃分成有限數(shù)目的零件庫(kù)，根據(jù)同一零件族中各零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，編制相應(yīng)的CAD通用軟件，用于該族零件的設(shè)計(jì)，稱為“ 成組CAD”。智能化CAD就是將專家系統(tǒng)與CAD技術(shù)融為一體而建立起來(lái)的系統(tǒng)。3. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)，中國(guó)的制造業(yè)必須積極地承接世界制造業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移，堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放，融人世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的過(guò)程中，力爭(zhēng)更快地跨進(jìn)制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列；為了承接世界制造業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)移，在保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的同時(shí)努力加強(qiáng)研發(fā)力量，努力提高創(chuàng)新能力，使中國(guó)制造業(yè)從中低端產(chǎn)品加工廠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭澜缰圃鞓I(yè)中心之一。因?yàn)閲?guó)家綜合實(shí)力的提高，主要依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的提高，科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步主要靠創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)新的載體是人才；所以制造業(yè)的深刻變化需要高技能人才實(shí)現(xiàn)，制造業(yè)高技能人才的培養(yǎng)需要全新的零距離培養(yǎng)模式，面對(duì)中國(guó)制造業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的工程師和職業(yè)技能人才成為國(guó)家的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。那么依托強(qiáng)有力的CAD/CAM技術(shù)的支持，以工程項(xiàng)目帶動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步，培養(yǎng)從設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝到操作、管理的各類各級(jí)優(yōu)秀人才，一定能使中國(guó)的制造業(yè)在21世紀(jì)之初——中國(guó)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的過(guò)程中，再上一個(gè)新臺(tái)階，真正的成為世界制造業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)!