摘 要顆粒狀糖果包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)是典型的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，它不僅包括機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸、強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)，還包括了傳動(dòng)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)主要是針對(duì)圓臺(tái)柱狀巧克力糖的鋁箔紙包裝。設(shè)計(jì)主要內(nèi)容有：設(shè)計(jì)方案設(shè)計(jì)和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。包裝機(jī)主要實(shí)現(xiàn)巧克力糖的輸入、折邊、抄底邊、等等功能，直到最后由輸送帶輸出。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)功能實(shí)現(xiàn)中，機(jī)械手要實(shí)現(xiàn)的是夾糖、折邊、轉(zhuǎn)送等重要功能，因此對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，作為一個(gè)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)，動(dòng)力是必不可少的，當(dāng)然對(duì)動(dòng)力的傳遞系統(tǒng)也就顯得尤其重要了。系統(tǒng)功能中要實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械手轉(zhuǎn)位、送糖盤轉(zhuǎn)位、供紙、剪紙、抄紙、接糖、頂糖及撥糖等功能，它們都需要不同大小的動(dòng)力，這就需要傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)。如在機(jī)械手的轉(zhuǎn)位功能中，為實(shí)現(xiàn)間歇的轉(zhuǎn)位功能就得通過(guò)傳動(dòng)鏈中的槽輪機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，該機(jī)構(gòu)要保證機(jī)械手在轉(zhuǎn)到位后， 有一定的停留時(shí)間，從而為頂糖、接糖及撥糖功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供必要的機(jī)械動(dòng)作執(zhí)行時(shí)間。設(shè)計(jì)好的包裝機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)正常的生產(chǎn)率為 120r/min。關(guān)鍵詞：包裝機(jī)； 巧克力糖包裝； 機(jī)械手。ABSTRAVTGranular candy packaging machine design is typical of mechanical systems design, it is not only the organization's size, strength design, including the design of the mechanical transmission system. This design is for round cylindrical chocolate aluminum foil paper packaging. Design: the design and powertrain design. The packaging machine input chocolate hem, side of the bargain-hunting, and more, until the last output by the conveyor belt. Implementation of the entire system functions, the robot to achieve the folder sugar, folding, transfer function, so the transmission system design, as an action execution system, power is essential, of course, it appears the power delivery system particularly important. The system functions to achieve the robot turn to send the transfer of the sugar dish, for paper, paper cutting, papermaking, then sugar, sugar top and reversal of sugar, and other functions, they all require different amounts of power, which requires the adjustment of the transmission system. Manipulator translocation function to achieve intermittent transfer function have to drive chain sheave institutions to achieve, the agency you want to ensure that robot go to the bit, there is a certain residence time, and thus to the top of sugar. then sugar and reversal of sugar functions provide the necessary mechanical action execution time. Designed packaging machine institutions normal production rate of 120r/min.Keywords: packing machine; chocolate packaging; mechanical hand.目 錄1 緒 論 .12 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的工藝確定 .12.1 產(chǎn)品特征 12.2 包裝材料 12.3 包裝工藝方案擬定 22.4 巧克力糖包裝工藝的實(shí)驗(yàn) 23 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的總體布局 .33.1 機(jī)型選擇 33.2 自動(dòng)機(jī)的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu) 33.3 包裝機(jī) 總體布置 44 粒狀巧克力糖 包裝機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) .55 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的電機(jī)選擇 .55.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)類型和結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 55.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)容量選擇 65.3 確定電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速 65.4 分配各級(jí)傳動(dòng)裝置傳動(dòng)比 76 V 帶傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) .76.1 確定設(shè)計(jì)功率 76.2 選擇帶的型號(hào) 76.3 確定帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑 76.4 驗(yàn)算帶的速度 76.5 確定中心距 a 和 V 帶基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度 Ld86.6 計(jì)算小輪包角 86.7 確定 V 帶根數(shù) Z.86.8 確定初拉力 96.9 計(jì)算作用在軸上的壓力 FQ96.10 帶輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 107 鏈傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 117.1 選擇鏈輪齒數(shù) .117.2 確定計(jì)算功率 .117.3 確定鏈節(jié)距 p117.4 初定中心距 a0，取定鏈節(jié)數(shù) Lp 117.5 確定鏈長(zhǎng)和中心距 .127.6 求作用在軸上的力 .127.7 確定潤(rùn)滑方式 .127.8 鏈輪的設(shè)計(jì) .128 螺旋齒輪設(shè)計(jì) 138.1 選定齒輪類型、精度等級(jí)、材料及齒數(shù) .138.2 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì) .148.2.1 確定公式內(nèi)各計(jì)算數(shù)值 148.2.2 計(jì)算 148.2.3 幾何尺寸計(jì)算 159 軸設(shè)計(jì) 1610 凸輪和槽輪設(shè)計(jì) .17結(jié) 論 .21參考文獻(xiàn) .22致 謝 .23中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)11 緒 論粒裝巧克力糖呈圓臺(tái)形，輪廓清楚，但質(zhì)地疏松，容易碰傷,且生產(chǎn)批量很大，暢銷國(guó)內(nèi)外，手工包裝質(zhì)量存在包裝質(zhì)量不均。上料時(shí)需要人工定時(shí)放料，每分鐘放 80 粒糖，工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的需要，因此改進(jìn)粒裝巧克力糖包裝機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，提高生產(chǎn)率，提高質(zhì)量，是迫切需要解決的。本論文主要工作是完成粒狀巧克力包裝機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，確定包裝機(jī)工作循環(huán)圖，設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)力的傳遞方式和方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞，完成包裝機(jī)的傳動(dòng)，提高生產(chǎn)力，減少工人工作量。具體內(nèi)容有總體設(shè)計(jì)的初步構(gòu)思；電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇；V 帶傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)；螺旋齒輪設(shè)計(jì)；槽輪設(shè)計(jì)；凸輪等設(shè)計(jì)。2 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的工藝確定2.1 產(chǎn)品特征粒裝巧克力糖呈圓臺(tái)形，輪廓清楚，但質(zhì)地疏松，容易碰傷。因此，考慮機(jī)械動(dòng)作時(shí)應(yīng)適合它的特點(diǎn)，以保證產(chǎn)品的加工質(zhì)量。產(chǎn)品夾緊力要適當(dāng)；在進(jìn)出料時(shí)避免碰撞而損傷產(chǎn)品；包裝速度應(yīng)適中，過(guò)快會(huì)引起沖擊而可能損傷產(chǎn)品等。包裝工藝首要的是解決坯件的上料問(wèn)題。顯然，像巧克力糖之類的產(chǎn)品，使用一般料斗上料方法是不適宜的。如果采用料倉(cāng)式上料方法，則需要人工定時(shí)放料，每分鐘放 80 粒糖也夠緊張的。如果將自動(dòng)機(jī)的進(jìn)料系統(tǒng)直接與巧克力糖澆注成形機(jī)的出口相銜接，則比較容易解決巧克力糖的自動(dòng)上料問(wèn)題。2.2 包裝材料食品包裝材料應(yīng)十分注重衛(wèi)生。粒狀巧克力糖包裝紙采用厚度為 0.008mm 的金色鋁箔紙，它的特點(diǎn)是薄而脆，抗拉力較小，容易撕裂，也容易褶皺。因此，在設(shè)計(jì)供紙部件時(shí)對(duì)速度應(yīng)十分注意。一中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)2般包裝的速度越高，紙張的拉力就越大。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般送紙速度應(yīng)小于 500mm/s。選擇供紙機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主要依據(jù)下列兩點(diǎn)：1）采用紙片供料或是采用卷筒紙供料。本機(jī)采用卷筒紙。2）紙張送出時(shí)的空間位置時(shí)垂直置放的還是水平置放的。將紙片水平置放對(duì)包裝工藝有利。但卷筒紙水平輸送，只能采用間歇式剪切供紙方法。2.3 包裝工藝方案擬定圖 2-1 包裝工序分解圖圖 2-1 為最初的巧克力糖包裝工藝圖.根據(jù)人工包裝動(dòng)作順序,針對(duì)產(chǎn)品包裝質(zhì)量要求,該機(jī)包裝工藝如下:1) 將 75mm×75mm 鋁箔紙覆蓋在巧克力糖小端正上方,如圖 2-1(a)所示。2) 使鋁箔紙沿糖塊錐面強(qiáng)迫成行如圖 2-1(b)所示.3)將余下的鋁箔紙分成兩半,先后向大端中央折去,迫使包裝紙緊貼巧克力糖,如圖 2-1(c),(d)所示.2.4 巧克力糖包裝工藝的實(shí)驗(yàn)中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)3由于條件限制實(shí)驗(yàn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)，以下為《自動(dòng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [1]相關(guān)內(nèi)容根據(jù)初擬的包裝工藝方案,進(jìn)行工藝實(shí)驗(yàn).圖 2-3 為鉗糖機(jī)械手及巧克力糖包裝簡(jiǎn)圖.圖 2-2 鉗糖機(jī)械手及巧克力糖包裝1-轉(zhuǎn)軸 2-轉(zhuǎn)盤 3-彈簧 4-接糖桿 5-鉗糖機(jī)械手(共 6 組)6-糖塊 7-頂糖桿 8-鋁箔紙 9-環(huán)行托板 10-折邊器如上圖所示,機(jī)械手設(shè)計(jì)上是具有彈性的錐形模腔,這樣能適應(yīng)巧克力糖外形尺寸的變化,I 不存在拉破鋁箔紙的現(xiàn)象.在機(jī)械手下面有圓環(huán)形托板,以防止糖塊下落。工藝實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程如下:當(dāng)鉗糖機(jī)械手轉(zhuǎn)至裝糖未位置時(shí),接糖桿 4 向下運(yùn)動(dòng),頂糖桿 7 向上推糖塊 6 和包裝紙 8,使糖塊和鋁箔紙夾在頂糖桿和接糖桿之間,然后它們同步上升,進(jìn)入機(jī)械手 5,迫使鋁箔紙成型如圖 2-2(b)所示,接著折邊器 10 向左折邊,成圖 2-2(c)狀,然后轉(zhuǎn)盤 2 帶機(jī)械手 5 作順時(shí)針?lè)较蜣D(zhuǎn)動(dòng),途徑環(huán)行托板 9,使鋁箔紙全部覆蓋在糖塊的大端面上,完成全部包裝工藝如圖 2-2(d)所示.由于包裝紙表面還不夠光滑,有時(shí)還發(fā)生褶皺現(xiàn)象,需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn).經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)鋁箔紙只要用柔軟之物輕輕一抹,就很光滑平整地緊貼在糖塊表面上,達(dá)到預(yù)期的外觀包裝質(zhì)量要求.因此增設(shè)了一個(gè)帶有錐形毛刷圈（軟性尼龍絲），在定糖過(guò)程中，先讓糖塊和鋁箔紙通過(guò)毛刷圈，然后再進(jìn)入機(jī)械手成形，結(jié)果使包裝紙光滑、平整、美觀，完全達(dá)到包裝質(zhì)量要求。圖 2-3 是經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)后的巧克力糖包裝成型機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖。中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)4圖 2-3 巧克力糖包裝成型機(jī)構(gòu)1-左抄板紙 2-鉗糖機(jī)械手 3-接糖桿 4-右抄板紙5-錐形尼龍絲圈 6-鋁箔紙 7-糖塊 8-頂糖桿另外，考慮自動(dòng)機(jī)工作的可靠性，在成品出料口增設(shè)撥糖桿，確保機(jī)械手中的糖塊落入輸送帶上。這樣的工藝方案就此確定。3 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的總體布局3.1 機(jī)型選擇由于大批量生產(chǎn)，所以選擇全自動(dòng)機(jī)型。根據(jù)前述工藝過(guò)程，選擇回轉(zhuǎn)式工藝路線的多工位自動(dòng)機(jī)型。根據(jù)工藝路線分析，實(shí)際上需要兩個(gè)工位，一個(gè)是進(jìn)料、成型、折邊工位另一個(gè)是出料工位。自動(dòng)機(jī)采用四槽槽輪機(jī)構(gòu)作工件步進(jìn)傳送。中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)53.2 自動(dòng)機(jī)的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)巧克力糖包裝工藝，確定自動(dòng)機(jī)由下列執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)組成：1) 送糖機(jī)構(gòu)；2) 供紙機(jī)構(gòu)；3) 接糖和頂糖機(jī)構(gòu)；4) 抄紙機(jī)構(gòu)；5) 撥糖機(jī)構(gòu)；6) 鉗糖機(jī)械手的開(kāi)合機(jī)7) 轉(zhuǎn)盤步進(jìn)傳動(dòng)機(jī)下面是主要執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理。圖 3-1 為鉗糖機(jī)械手、進(jìn)出糖機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)圖。送糖盤 4 與機(jī)械手作同步間歇回轉(zhuǎn)，逐一將糖塊送至包裝工位Ⅰ。機(jī)械手的開(kāi)合動(dòng)作，由固定的凸輪 8 控制，凸輪 8 的廓線是由兩個(gè)半徑不同的圓弧組成，當(dāng)從動(dòng)滾子在大半徑弧上，機(jī)械手就張開(kāi)；從動(dòng)滾子在小半徑弧上，機(jī)械手靠彈簧 6 閉合。圖 3-2 為接糖和頂糖機(jī)構(gòu)示意圖。接糖桿和頂糖桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)，不僅具有時(shí)間上的順序關(guān)系，而且具有空間上的相互干涉關(guān)系，因此它們的運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)必須遵循空間同步化的原則設(shè)計(jì)，并在結(jié)構(gòu)上應(yīng)予以重視。接糖桿和頂糖桿夾住糖塊和包裝紙同步上升時(shí)，夾緊力不能太大，以免損傷糖塊。同時(shí)應(yīng)使夾緊力保持穩(wěn)定，因此在接糖桿的頭部采用如橡皮類的彈性件。3.3 包裝機(jī)總體布置 1-輸送帶 2-糖塊 3-托盤4-鉗糖機(jī)構(gòu) 5-鉗糖機(jī)械手6-彈簧 7-托板 8-機(jī)械手9-機(jī)械手開(kāi)合凸輪 10-輸料帶I-進(jìn)料,成型,折邊工位 II-出糖工位圖 3-1 鉗糖機(jī)械手及進(jìn)出糖塊機(jī)構(gòu)中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)6圖 3-3 總體布置圖4 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)是專用自動(dòng)機(jī)，根據(jù)自動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一般原則和巧克力糖包裝工藝的具體要求，如圖 9 所示安排傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。圖 3-1 接糖和頂糖桿機(jī)構(gòu) 1-圓柱凸輪 2-接糖桿 3-糖塊 4-頂糖桿 5-平面槽凸輪中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)7圖 4-1 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)圖1-電動(dòng)機(jī) 2-帶式無(wú)級(jí)變速機(jī)構(gòu) 3-鏈輪幅 4-盤車手輪 5-頂糖桿凸輪 6-剪紙導(dǎo)凸輪 7-撥糖桿凸輪 8-抄紙板凸輪9-接糖桿凸輪 10-鉗糖機(jī)械手 11-撥糖桿 12-槽輪機(jī)構(gòu)13-接糖桿 14-頂糖桿 15-送糖盤 16-螺旋齒輪副 17-分配軸5 粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)的電機(jī)選擇5.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)類型和結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]選擇 Y 系列三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，此系列電動(dòng)機(jī)屬于一般用途的全封閉自扇冷電動(dòng)機(jī)，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，工作可靠，價(jià)格低廉，維護(hù)方便，適用于不易燃，不易爆，無(wú)腐蝕性氣體和無(wú)特殊要求的機(jī)械. 1617中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)85.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)容量選擇由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]根據(jù)已知條件，電動(dòng)機(jī)工作所需要的有效功率為：kwVFPw4.013???公式（5-1） 式中 Fw＝1600N Vw ＝120r/min ηw —軸承的效率 0.98ηb —V 帶傳動(dòng)效率 0.98ηg —齒輪傳動(dòng)效率 0.97ηl —鏈輪傳動(dòng)效率 0.96由電動(dòng)機(jī)至運(yùn)輸帶的傳動(dòng)總效率為：公式（5-lgwb?2?總2）則： 8.096.7098.02??總?所以：電機(jī)所需的工作功率：公式（5-總?wP?03）代入數(shù)值: =0.4／0.88=0.46(kw)0p因載荷平穩(wěn)，電動(dòng)機(jī)額定功率 Pm 只需略大于 P0 即可，選 Y 系列電動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，選電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率為 0.55KW。5.3 確定電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)9取螺旋圓斜柱齒輪傳動(dòng)一級(jí)傳動(dòng)比范圍 .取 V 帶傳動(dòng)比 ,鏈輪的傳動(dòng)比2~1?gi 4~2?bi,則總傳動(dòng)比例的范圍 .故電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的可選范圍為2~1?li 62ain= ×120 r/minwan?=(2~16)×120 r/min=240~1920r/min則符合這一范圍的同步轉(zhuǎn)速有：750r/min、1000 r/min、1500 r/min 三種。根據(jù)容量和轉(zhuǎn)速，由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查出適用的電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為 Y801-4 額定功率 0.55kw，額定轉(zhuǎn)速 1390r/min。根據(jù)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)速得總的傳動(dòng)比: mni?=1500/120=12.55.4 分配各級(jí)傳動(dòng)裝置傳動(dòng)比 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查，確定帶輪的傳動(dòng)比 ，鏈輪的傳動(dòng)比 ，齒輪傳動(dòng)比4?bi 1.2?li 5.1?gi表 5-1 各軸數(shù)據(jù)參數(shù)參數(shù) 電動(dòng)機(jī)軸 1 軸 2 軸 3 軸轉(zhuǎn)速/（r/min）1390 348 174 116功率 P/kW 0.55 0.539 0.507 0.482中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)10轉(zhuǎn)矩 T/(N?m) 3.78 14.79 27.83 39.686 V 帶傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)6.1 確定設(shè)計(jì)功率 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得工作情況系數(shù) ，則 。1.?ak kwpkad 6051??6.2 選擇帶的型號(hào)V 帶型號(hào)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)功率 Pd 和小帶輪轉(zhuǎn)速 n1 確定，查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]可選取 Z 型帶。6.3 確定帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑 和1d2由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查， V 帶帶輪最小基準(zhǔn)直徑 ，知 z 型帶 =50mm,選取小帶輪基準(zhǔn)直mindmind徑： =63mm；因此，大帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑： =4×63mm=252mm。選取大帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑1d 12??=250mm。26.4 驗(yàn)算帶的速度由帶的速度公式：公式（6-3106/)(??DNV?1）代入數(shù)值: =3.14x63x1390/(60x1000)=4.6m/s中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)11式中: n 為電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速；D 為小帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑。即 v=4.6m/s90?1?6.7 確定 V 帶根數(shù) Z由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得公式（6-5）LdKpPz?)(0???確定式中各值：為包角修正系數(shù)，考慮包角 對(duì)傳動(dòng)能力的影響，由參考文獻(xiàn)查得 ；?k18?? 93.0??k為帶長(zhǎng)修正系數(shù)，考慮帶長(zhǎng)不為特定帶長(zhǎng)時(shí)對(duì)使用壽命的影響，由參考文獻(xiàn)查得 ；l 14l為 V 帶基本額定功率，由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]單根 V 帶所能傳遞的功率為 =0.28kW；計(jì)算功率增量0p 0p=0.03。?公式（6-ldkpz?)(0???6）代入數(shù)值:z=0.605/[(0.28+0.03)x093x1.14]=1.84中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)13所以，選取 V 帶根數(shù) z=2。6.8 確定初拉力 0F單根普通 V 帶初拉力計(jì)算公式：公式（6-20)5.2(mvKvzPFd????7）式中 Pd 為設(shè)計(jì)功率；υ 為 V 帶速度；z 為帶的根數(shù)；為包角修正系數(shù)；?km 為普通 V 帶每米長(zhǎng)度質(zhì)量，由參考文獻(xiàn)查得 m=0.1kg/m。所以 NF 4.52.06.2.593.0)(650 ??????6.9 計(jì)算作用在軸上的壓力壓力等于松邊和緊邊拉力的向量和，如果不考慮帶兩邊的拉力差，可以近似為按帶兩邊所受初拉力的合力來(lái)計(jì)算：2sinzco210αβFZFQ=公式（6-8）式中， 為初拉力；0F中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)14z 為帶的根數(shù)；為小輪包角。1?所以 NSinFQ216)57(2????6.10 帶輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)圖 6-1 小帶輪圖 6-2 大帶輪中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)157 鏈傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)7.1 選擇鏈輪齒數(shù)鏈傳動(dòng)速比： 。由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查表得：1.2?i小鏈輪齒數(shù) ；91z大鏈輪齒數(shù) ， ，合適。40.2??i 12?z7.2 確定計(jì)算功率已知鏈傳動(dòng)工作平穩(wěn)，電動(dòng)機(jī)拖動(dòng)，由表選 KA=1.0， ，單排鏈則計(jì)算功率為: 32.1?zk公式（7-wpkzac 7059.321??1）7.3 確定鏈節(jié)距 p 首先確定系數(shù) 。plzk,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得小鏈輪齒數(shù)系數(shù) 。選單排鏈， 。所需傳遞的09.1;34.?lzk0.1?pk額定功率為： 公式kwKpPLZc 7.6019.3450 ???（7-2）選擇滾子鏈型號(hào)為 10A，鏈節(jié)距 p=15.875mm。7.4 初定中心距 a0，取定鏈節(jié)數(shù) Lp中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)16初定中心距 =(30~50)p：0a公式（7-3）75.93~2.46)50~3(0?pa取 640mm；公式（7-4）0212100 )(2apzzpLp ????帶入數(shù)值得 111.9 節(jié)；由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]取鏈節(jié)數(shù)為 112 節(jié)。7.5 確定鏈長(zhǎng)和中心距鏈長(zhǎng) L=Lp p/1000=112×15.875/1000=1.778m中心距：公式（7-5）)](2[211zLpfa???m7.652409875.49.0??取 a=653mm，a550mm，符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。7.6 求作用在軸上的力鏈速： smpnzv /7.10685.193470631 ????公式（7-6）中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)17工作拉力： F=1000P/v=1000×0.539/1.7=317N；由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得，工作平穩(wěn)，取壓軸力系數(shù) =1.15。QK軸上的壓力: = =1.15×317N=365NQFK7.7 確定潤(rùn)滑方式由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]根據(jù) P、v 查表，知可采用油脂潤(rùn)滑。7.8 鏈輪的設(shè)計(jì)圖 7-1 小鏈輪中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)188 螺旋齒輪設(shè)計(jì)8.1 選定齒輪類型、精度等級(jí)、材料及齒數(shù)8.1.1 高速級(jí)選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)；8.1.2 運(yùn)輸機(jī)為一般工作機(jī)器，速度不高，故選用 7 級(jí)精度；8.1.3 材料選擇選擇小齒輪材料為 40Cr(調(diào)質(zhì))，硬度為 280HBS，大齒輪材料為 45 (調(diào)質(zhì))，硬度為 240HBS，二者材料硬度差為 40HBS；8.1.4 初選小齒輪齒數(shù) Z1=40，大齒輪齒數(shù)=1.5×24=60，??；Z 2=6012iZ??圖 7-2 大鏈輪中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)198.1.5 選取螺旋角 β=45 度8.2 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行試算公式（8-1）3 21 )][(12HEdtt ZiTk???????8.2.1 確定公式內(nèi)各計(jì)算數(shù)值1)試選載荷系數(shù) Kt=1.6。2)小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩 mNnpT????162405.93)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得，選取齒寬系數(shù) Φd=1。4)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù)鍛鋼 ZE=189.8MPa125)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得按齒面硬度查得小齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限 σlim1=600MPa；大齒輪的接觸疲勞極限 σlim2=550MPa。6)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)(設(shè)每年工作 300 天)公式（8-2）91 108.523014960 ????hjLnN公式（8-99128iN3）7) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得，取接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù) 05.1,9.021?HNHNK中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)208)計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力取失效概率為 1﹪，安全系數(shù) S=1,則 MpaSKHN540][1lim1??H.2][li229)區(qū)域系數(shù) 9.1?HZ10)端面齒和度 5.0,2?8.2.2 計(jì)算1)試算小齒輪分度圓直徑 d1t，由計(jì)算公式得mdt 57.30)2.5189(.1624.131 ?????2)計(jì)算圓周速度 67.01649.3106?????ndvt3)計(jì)算齒寬 b 公式（8-4）mdbt 57.30.1?4)計(jì)算齒寬與齒高比 b/h模數(shù)： zmtnt 54.04cos.cos1????齒高： mht 2.1.502..2.173?hb5)計(jì)算縱向重合度 ??中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)21公式（8-3.145tan0138.tan138.0????????zd5） 6)計(jì)算載荷系數(shù) K由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得使用系數(shù) KA=1；根據(jù) 7 級(jí)精度，由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]查得,動(dòng)載系數(shù)KV=1.11；查表 4.1,35.1,42. ?????? HFHKk故載荷系數(shù)公式（8-6）21.????HVA7)按實(shí)際載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓直徑，有 58.36.1257.30331 ≈×=ttKd公式（8-7）8)計(jì)算模數(shù) 1m59.04cos58.3cos11 ???zd取模數(shù)為 6.0?n 57.396.0cos1??dz取小齒數(shù)為 40，則大齒數(shù)為 60。8.2.3 幾何尺寸計(jì)算1)計(jì)算大小齒輪的分度圓直徑 46.35cos.041????nmzd8.1.621?n2)計(jì)算中心距中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)22，4.25cos2)(1????nmza圓整取中心距為 43mm。3)按圓整后的中心距修正螺旋角公式（8-45326.01arcos2)(arcos1 ????mzn?8）4)計(jì)算齒輪寬度 40.3.1???db?圓整后取 B2=35mm, B1=40 mm。9 軸設(shè)計(jì)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 [2]初步估算軸的最小直徑。選取軸的材料為 45 鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，查取 =1120Amm 公式（8-96.123485.01230min ???pAd9）初定軸的直徑為 20mm，其余尺寸根據(jù)各零件相應(yīng)確定。圖 9-1 大帶輪軸中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)2310 凸輪和槽輪設(shè)計(jì)表 10-1 頂糖桿槽凸輪 5 參數(shù)R=（40~70） 50H=（50~100） 80推程 h=H-R 30圖 9-2 單螺旋齒輪軸圖 9-3 凸輪軸圖 9-4 雙螺旋齒輪軸中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)24表 10-2 撥糖桿偏心凸輪參數(shù)R=（40~70） 50H=（50~100） 87推程 h=H-R 37圖 10-1 頂糖桿槽凸輪 5中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 2012 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)25表 10-3 剪紙刀平面凸輪 6 參數(shù)序號(hào) 凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)角 δ 推桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律1 0°~120° 等速上升 h= 602 120°~180° 推桿遠(yuǎn)休3 180°~270° 正弦加速度下降 h= 604 270°~360° 推桿近休偏心距 e = 25 基圓半徑 r0 = 50表 10-4 抄紙板平面凸輪 8 參數(shù)序號(hào) 凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)角 δ 推桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律1 0°~120° 等速上升 h= 50圖 10-2 撥糖桿偏心凸輪本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)誠(chéng)信承諾書(shū)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目粒狀巧克力糖包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名 專業(yè) 機(jī)制 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)老師 職稱 助教所在系別 工程技術(shù)系誠(chéng)信承諾本人慎重承諾和聲明：我承諾在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)中遵守學(xué)校有關(guān)規(guī)定，恪守學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范，在本人的畢業(yè)論文中不剽竊、抄襲他人的學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)、思想和成果，不篡改研究數(shù)據(jù)，如有違規(guī)行為發(fā)生，我愿承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任，接受學(xué)校的處理。學(xué)生（簽名）： 2012 年 5 月 3 日 本 科 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 外 文 資 料 翻 譯系 別：工程技術(shù)系 專 業(yè)：機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名：學(xué) 號(hào)：外文資料翻譯譯文包 裝 機(jī) 定 義 ：簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，包裝機(jī)就是把產(chǎn)品包裝起來(lái)機(jī)器，起著保護(hù)，美觀的作用。 包裝機(jī)主要分兩個(gè)方面，一是流水線式整體生產(chǎn)包裝，二是產(chǎn)品外圍包裝設(shè)備。包 裝 機(jī) 的 分 類 ：包裝機(jī)的種類繁多，分類方法很多。從不同的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)可有多種，按產(chǎn)品狀態(tài)分，有液體、塊狀、散粒體包裝機(jī)；按包裝作用分，有內(nèi)包裝、外包包裝機(jī)；按包裝行業(yè)分，有食品、日用化工、紡織品等包裝機(jī)；按包裝工位分，有單工位、多工位包裝機(jī)；按自動(dòng)化程度分，有半自動(dòng)、全自動(dòng)包裝機(jī)等。自 動(dòng) 包 裝 機(jī) 的 優(yōu) 勢(shì) ：要想在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，為自己創(chuàng)造出最大的利益，就要確保自己的食品包裝生產(chǎn)線運(yùn)行良好，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，這樣在盡量避免錯(cuò)誤出現(xiàn)和故障的影響，才會(huì)為企業(yè)獲得最大的利益。自動(dòng)化水平在制造工業(yè)中不斷提高，應(yīng)用范圍正在拓展。包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)中自動(dòng)化操作正在改變著包裝過(guò)程的動(dòng)作方式和包裝容器及材料的加工方法。實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制的包裝系統(tǒng)能夠極大地提高生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，顯著消除包裝工序及印刷貼標(biāo)等造成的誤差，有效減輕職工的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度并降低能源和資源的消耗。具有革命意義的自動(dòng)化改變著包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的制造方法及其產(chǎn)品的傳輸方式。設(shè)計(jì)、安裝的自動(dòng)控制包裝系統(tǒng)，無(wú)論從提高包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率方面，還是從消除加工誤差和減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度方面，都表現(xiàn)出十分明顯的作用。尤其是對(duì)食品、飲料、藥品、電子等行業(yè)而言，都是至關(guān)重要的。自動(dòng)裝置和系統(tǒng)工程方面的技術(shù)正在進(jìn)一步深化，并得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。研 究 現(xiàn) 狀 ：中國(guó)包裝機(jī)形成行業(yè)僅 20 年，基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱，技術(shù)及科研力量不足，其發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后，在某種程度上拖了食品和包裝工業(yè)的后腿。預(yù)測(cè)到 2010 年，國(guó)內(nèi)行業(yè)總產(chǎn)值可達(dá)到 1300 億元(現(xiàn)價(jià)) ，而市場(chǎng)需求可能達(dá)到 2000 億元。如何能夠盡快的趕上并且抓住這個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)是我們迫切需要解決的問(wèn)題。我 國(guó) 包 裝 機(jī) 行 業(yè) 的 發(fā) 展 現(xiàn) 狀 ：我國(guó)包裝機(jī)起步于上個(gè)世紀(jì) 70 年代末，年產(chǎn)值只有七八千萬(wàn)元，產(chǎn)品品種僅有 100 多種。近 5 年來(lái)食品和包裝機(jī)行業(yè)每年以 11%～12% 的平均增長(zhǎng)速度發(fā)展，高于同期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度，銷售總額由 1994 年的 150 億元增加到 2000 年的 300 億元，產(chǎn)品品種由 1994 年的 270 種發(fā)展到 2000 年的 3700種。產(chǎn)品水平上了新臺(tái)階，開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)規(guī)?；?、成套化、自動(dòng)化的趨勢(shì)，傳動(dòng)復(fù)雜、技術(shù)含量高的設(shè)備開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)?？梢哉f(shuō)我國(guó)的機(jī)械生產(chǎn)已滿足了國(guó)內(nèi)的基本需求，并開(kāi)始向東南亞及第三世界國(guó)家出口，如我國(guó) 2000 年的進(jìn)出口總額為 27.37 億美元，其中出口額為 12.9 億美元，比 1999 年提高了 22.2%。在出口的機(jī)械品種中以食品( 乳品、糕點(diǎn)、肉類、水果) 加工機(jī)、烤箱、封裝、貼標(biāo)簽機(jī)、紙塑鋁復(fù)合罐生產(chǎn)設(shè)備等機(jī)械出口較多，食品機(jī)械如制糖、 、飲料、包裝機(jī)等設(shè)備已開(kāi)始成套出口。近十余年來(lái)，國(guó)際包裝界十分重視提高包裝機(jī)械及整個(gè)包裝系統(tǒng)的通用能力和多功能集成能力，為市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓日新月異的多樣化商品提供及時(shí)靈活應(yīng)變的生產(chǎn)手段。同時(shí)基于合理簡(jiǎn)化包裝和優(yōu)勢(shì)包裝工藝方法的實(shí)際需要，不斷探索，明顯地加快了自身技術(shù)革新的步伐。尤其是與現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)機(jī)床同步發(fā)展相呼應(yīng)，逐步明確。要想建立多樣化、通用化、多功能集成化的包裝機(jī)械新體系，首先必須著重解決組合化和機(jī)電一體化的大問(wèn)題，無(wú)疑這是今后的重要發(fā)展方向。隨著我國(guó)商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和人民生活水平的提高，食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)的前景十分樂(lè)觀。近年來(lái)，國(guó)家加大了對(duì)食品和藥品質(zhì)量和安全的監(jiān)督力度，對(duì)食品的生產(chǎn)加工包裝技術(shù)都提出了新的要求。一批食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)先后投入資金進(jìn)行包裝設(shè)備的技術(shù)改造和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新，在一定程度上提升了我國(guó)食品行業(yè)的水平和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。盡管我國(guó)食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)的水平有了提高，但是我國(guó)的食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的相比在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中還是明顯處于弱勢(shì)。我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械行業(yè) 30%左右的企業(yè)存在低水平的重復(fù)建設(shè)。這種狀況不但浪費(fèi)了有限的資金、人力等重要資源，還造成了包裝機(jī)械市場(chǎng)的無(wú)序混亂，阻礙了行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，制約了我國(guó)中小食品機(jī)械包裝機(jī)械的升級(jí)換代和包裝技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。我國(guó)的食品包裝機(jī)械多以單機(jī)為主，科技含量和自動(dòng)化程度低，在新技術(shù)、新工藝、新材料方面應(yīng)用的少，滿足不了我國(guó)當(dāng)前食品企業(yè)發(fā)展的要求。一些食品企業(yè)為了技術(shù)改造，不得不花費(fèi)大量的資金從國(guó)外引進(jìn)一些技術(shù)先進(jìn)的、生產(chǎn)效率高、包裝精度高的成套食品包裝生產(chǎn)線，導(dǎo)致很大一部分國(guó)內(nèi)的市場(chǎng)份額被國(guó)外品牌所占領(lǐng)。我國(guó)的食品包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展空間依然廣闊，食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)的水平有待迫切開(kāi)發(fā)的需要。外 國(guó) 包 裝 機(jī) 械 的 發(fā) 展 現(xiàn) 狀 ：德國(guó)：德國(guó)的包裝機(jī)械在計(jì)量、制造、技術(shù)性能方面均屬世界一流。該國(guó)生產(chǎn)的啤酒、飲料灌裝成套設(shè)備生產(chǎn)速度快、自動(dòng)化程度高、可靠性好。主要體現(xiàn)在：工藝流程的自動(dòng)化、生產(chǎn)效率高，滿足了交貨期短和降低工藝流程成本的要求;設(shè)備具有更高的柔性和靈活性。主要體現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的靈活性、構(gòu)造的靈活性和供貨的靈活性，以適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的需要;利用計(jì)算機(jī)和仿真技術(shù)提供成套設(shè)備，故障率低，可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷服務(wù);對(duì)環(huán)境污染少，主要包括噪音、粉塵和廢棄物的污染。意大利：意大利生產(chǎn)的包裝機(jī)械中，40%是食品包裝機(jī)械，如糖果包裝機(jī)、茶葉包裝機(jī)、灌裝機(jī)等。產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)是外觀考究、性能優(yōu)良、價(jià)格便宜。意大利包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)就在于可以按照用戶的要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)，并能保證很好地完成設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、試驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)督、檢驗(yàn)、組裝、調(diào)整和用戶需求分析等。國(guó) 產(chǎn) 食 品 包 裝 機(jī) 械 與 國(guó) 際 的 主 要 差 距 ：1、生產(chǎn)效率低、能耗高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差，產(chǎn)品造型落后，外觀粗糙，基礎(chǔ)件和配套件壽命低，國(guó)產(chǎn)的氣動(dòng)件和電器元件質(zhì)量差。比如河南星火包裝機(jī)械有限公司就在參照國(guó)外先進(jìn)包裝機(jī)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行改造和創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品，星火牌系列的灌裝機(jī)上的氣動(dòng)部分均采用德國(guó) FESTO 和臺(tái)灣 AirTac 的氣動(dòng)元件。2、控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用得少。比如遠(yuǎn)距離遙控技術(shù)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)技術(shù)、信息處理技術(shù)等。專家指出，世界上德國(guó)、意大利、美國(guó)和日本的包裝機(jī)械水平處于領(lǐng)先地位。其中，在美國(guó)成型、充填、封口三種機(jī)械設(shè)備的技術(shù)更新很快。如美國(guó)液體灌裝設(shè)備公司(EJF)生產(chǎn)的液體灌裝機(jī)，一臺(tái)設(shè)備可以實(shí)現(xiàn)重力灌裝、壓力灌裝以及正壓移動(dòng)泵式灌裝。就是說(shuō)，任何黏度的液體，只要通過(guò)微機(jī)控制來(lái)改變灌裝方式就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。近幾年來(lái)，這種技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了，比如江蘇群杰包裝機(jī)械廠、廣州澳特包裝機(jī)公司等等。包 裝 機(jī) 械 產(chǎn) 業(yè) 發(fā) 展 趨 勢(shì) 預(yù) 測(cè) 分 析 ：食品包裝行業(yè)正向打造新型包裝機(jī)械，引領(lǐng)包裝機(jī)械向集成化、高效化、智能化等方向發(fā)展。邁川伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)器將成為一個(gè)核心的部件產(chǎn)品。目前自動(dòng)化技術(shù)在包裝生產(chǎn)線中已占 50%以上，大量使用了電腦設(shè)計(jì)和機(jī)電一體化控制，提高生產(chǎn)率、設(shè)備的柔性和靈活性，增加機(jī)械手以完成復(fù)雜的包裝動(dòng)作。 總看食品包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展，其在設(shè)備規(guī)模上不僅擴(kuò)大了，而且正加速向光機(jī)電一體化、自動(dòng)化推進(jìn)。隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，未來(lái)微電子、電腦、工業(yè)機(jī)器人、圖像傳感技術(shù)和新材料等在包裝機(jī)械中將會(huì)得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用，各企業(yè)亟須引進(jìn)新技術(shù)，向生產(chǎn)效率高、自動(dòng)化程度高、可靠性好、靈活性強(qiáng)、技術(shù)含量高的包裝設(shè)備進(jìn)軍。目前在灌裝設(shè)備、包裝設(shè)備、包裝材料生產(chǎn)設(shè)備等方面，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)都有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。但是，我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械品種約有 1300 多種，缺少高科技、高精度、高質(zhì)量配套產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品性能低，穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差。仍需借助高端端技術(shù)助力包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品升級(jí)。效率化：食品加工的高度效率化，主要是采用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和光、電、液、自動(dòng)化控制技術(shù)等來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，由連續(xù)式生產(chǎn)設(shè)備代替間歇式生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，由專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備代替通用化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，由人性化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備代替中小型生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。使生產(chǎn)線實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)化生產(chǎn)、專業(yè)化作業(yè)、自動(dòng)化調(diào)節(jié)、規(guī)?；?jīng)營(yíng)等，可顯著提高生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。自動(dòng)化：未來(lái)的包裝機(jī)械將配合產(chǎn)業(yè)自動(dòng)化趨勢(shì)，促進(jìn)包裝設(shè)備總體水平提高。如高智能數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、編碼器及數(shù)字控制組件、動(dòng)力負(fù)載控制等新型智能設(shè)備已經(jīng)普遍應(yīng)用到包裝機(jī)械設(shè)備中，使設(shè)備使用者在操作過(guò)程中更具有獨(dú)立性、靈活度、操作正確性、高效率和兼容性。外文原文The packaging machine definition:Simply put, the packaging machine is the product packaging up the machine, plays a protection role of the beautiful. The packaging machine in two main areas, the overall production pipeline packaging products periphery packaging equipment.Classification of packaging machines:A wide range of packaging machines, many of the classification method. Starting from different points of view can have a variety, by sub-state, liquid, massive, granular packaging machine; divided by the role of packaging within the packaging, outsourcing packaging machine; points, by the packaging industry, food, household chemical, textile, and other packaging machines; Packers points, single-station, multi-station packaging machine; divided by the degree of automation, semi-automatic and automatic packaging machines.Advantage of automatic packaging machines:To within the stipulated time for themselves to create the maximum benefit, it is necessary to ensure their own food packaging production line is running well, without error in the production process, so in order to avoid errors and failure of will enterprises to obtain the maximum benefit. Level of automation in the manufacturing industry, continuous improvement, is expanding its range of applications. Automation in the packaging machinery industry is changing the action mode of the packaging process and packaging containers and materials processing methods. Packaging systems for automatic control can greatly improve production efficiency and product quality, significantly eliminate the packaging process and printed labeling error, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers and reduce energy and resource consumption. The automation of revolutionary change the transmission of the manufacturing method of the packaging machinery industry and its products. Design, install the automatic control of packaging systems, in terms of improving product quality and production efficiency of the packaging machinery industry, or from the elimination of processing errors and reduce labor intensity, have demonstrated a very significant role. Especially for food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, electronics and other industries, are essential. Automatic devices and systems engineering aspects of the technology is further deepened, and a wider range of applications.Research:The packaging machine form the industry's only 20 years, the foundation is relatively weak, and lack of technical and scientific research efforts, its development is lagging behind, dragged the hind legs of the food and packaging industry in a way. The forecast for 2010, the domestic industry output value reached 130 billion yuan (current prices), while the market demand may reach 200 billion yuan. How can catch up and seize this huge market we urgently need to be resolved as soon as possible.Development status of the packaging machine industry in China:Packaging machine in China started in the late 1970s of the last century, only seven or eight million yuan of annual output value, product variety is only 100. Past five years, the food and packaging machine industry an annual average growth rate of 11% to 12% higher than the national growth rate, total sales increased from $ 150 billion in 1994 to 30 billion yuan in 2000, product variety by 270 kinds of development in 1994 to 2000 of 3700 kinds. Product level to a new level, began to scale, complete automation trends, complex transmission equipment of high technical content began to appear. It can be said that China's machinery production to meet the basic needs of the domestic and export to Southeast Asia and Third World countries such as China's 2000 import and export volume of $ 2,737,000,000, of which exports $ 1.29 billion, compared to 1999 to improve 22.2%. Food (dairy products, cakes, meat, fruit) machine, oven, packaging, labeling machines, paper and plastic aluminum composite can production equipment and other machinery exports more varieties of export of machinery, food machinery, such as sugar, beverages packaging machines and other equipment have begun to complete sets of export. The current development of the packaging machineThe past decade, the international packaging industry attaches great importance to improve the general ability of packaging machinery and packaging systems and multi-function integration capabilities to provide timely and flexible response of the means of production for the market to develop the rapid diversification of commodities. Based on reasonable actual need to simplify the method of packaging and advantages of the packaging process, continuing to explore, significantly accelerated the pace of technological innovation. In particular, the simultaneous development of modern automatic machine echoes gradually clear. To build a diverse, universal, multi-function integrated packaging machinery system, we must first focus on solving the big problem of the combination and the mechanical and electrical integration, no doubt, this is an important development in the future direction.With the prosperity of China's commodity economy and people's living standards improve, the prospects of food packaging machinery, packaging technology is very promising. In recent years, the state has increased the quality and safety of food and medicine supervision, the production of food processing and packaging technology have raised new demands. The number of food-producing enterprises have invested packaging equipment for technological transformation and innovation of production technology, to some extent, enhance the level of China's food industry and market competitiveness. Although the level of food packaging machinery in China Packaging Technology has improved, but China's food packaging machinery, packaging technology and compared to developed countries in the competition or significantly disadvantaged. About 30 percent of China's packaging machinery industry enterprises have low-level duplicated construction. This situation is not only a waste of limited financial, human and other important resources, but also resulted in disorderly confusion of the packaging machinery market, hindering the healthy development of the industry, which restricts the upgrading of China's small and medium-sized food machinery and packaging machinery and packaging technology innovation.Food packaging machinery in China more than stand-alone-based, low technology content and degree of automation in the new technologies, new processes, new materials applications, can not meet China's current food enterprise development requirements. For technological innovation, some food companies have to spend a lot of money from abroad to the introduction of technologically advanced, high efficiency, high precision packaging the complete food packaging production line, resulting in a large part of the domestic market share is occupied by foreign brands. Is still vast room for development of China's food packaging machinery, food packaging machinery, packaging technology level to be the urgent needs of the development.The development status of the foreign packaging machinery:Germany:Packaging machinery in Germany are world-class in terms of measurement, manufacturing, technical performance. The equipment of the production of beer, beverage filling production speed, high degree of automation, reliability. Mainly reflected in: the automation of the process, high production efficiency, to meet the requirements of short delivery and reduce process costs; equipment has a higher flexibility and flexibility. Production flexibility, the flexibility of the construct and supply flexibility, to accommodate the need for product replacement; use of computers and simulation technology to provide complete sets of equipment, failure rate, remote diagnostic services; less environmental pollution , including noise, dust, pollution and waste.Italy:Italian production of packaging machinery, 40% of food packaging machinery, such as candy packing machine, tea packaging machine, filling machine. The products are characterized by elegant appearance, excellent performance and cheap price. Italian packaging machinery industry, the biggest advantage is in accordance with the requirements of the user's design and production, and to ensure the complete design, production, testing, implementation supervision and inspection, assembly, adjustment and user needs analysis.Major gaps in the domestic food packaging machinery and international:1, the low production efficiency, high energy consumption, stability and reliability, product design backward, rough appearance, the basic parts and accessories, low life, made pneumatic parts and electrical components are of poor quality. Such as Henan Spark Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd. in the light of advanced packaging machine technology on the basis of transformation and innovation of products, filling machine on the Spark brand pneumatic part adopts the pneumatic components of Germany FESTO and Taiwan AirTac.2, the control technology applied. Such as long distance remote control technology, the stepper motor technology, information processing technology. The experts pointed out that the level of packaging machinery in Germany, Italy, the United States and Japan, the world's leading position. Which, in the United States forming, filling, sealing the three types of machinery and equipment, technology updates soon. Such as the production of liquid filling machine liquid filling equipment company (EJF), a device can realize the gravity filling, pressure filling and positive pressure portable pump filling. Means that any liquid viscosity, as long as the filling by computer control to change the way you can. In recent years, this technology in the country, such as the the Jiangsu Qunjie Packaging Machinery Factory, Guangzhou, Macao special packaging machine companies, and so on.Packaging Machinery Industry Development Trend Forecast of:The food packaging industry to create new packaging machinery, leading packaging machinery to the development of integrated, efficient, intelligent direction. Maichuan servo drives will become a core component of the product. Accounted for 50% of the packaging production line automation technology, extensive use of computer design and mechatronics control, improve productivity, equipment flexibility and flexibility to increase the robot to complete the complex packaging action.Always look at the development of food packaging machinery, its not only expanded the size of equipment, and is accelerating the integration of optical and electrical machinery, automated propulsion. With the continuous development of technology and progress, the future of microelectronics, computers, industrial robots, image sensor technology and new materials in the packaging machinery will be more widely used, and all enterprises urgent need to introduce new technologies to high productivity, high degree of automation, reliability, flexibility, high technological content and packaging equipment to enter.Filling equipment, packaging equipment, packaging materials, production equipment, domestic enterprises have made substantial progress. However, China's packaging machinery about 1300 kinds of lack of high-tech, high-precision, high-quality ancillary products, product performance, stability and reliability. Still with the high-end side technologies help packaging machinery product upgrades.Efficiency: the food processing highly efficient, is mainly mechatronics technology and optical, electrical, hydraulic, automation and control technology to achieve continuous production equipment instead of the intermittent production equipment, specialized production equipment instead of the universal production equipment, production equipment by the humane instead of small and medium-sized production equipment. Production line to achieve continuous production, specialized operations, automatic adjustment, the scale of operations, can significantly improve production efficiency and economic benefits.Automation: the future of packaging machinery will be coordinated with the trend of industrial automation, and promote the overall level of packaging equipment. Such as the new smart intelligent CNC system, the encoder and the digital control components, power load control equipment has been widely applied to the packaging machinery and equipment, the equipment users more independence during the operation, flexibility, operating correctness. high efficiency and compatibility.